KR102191955B1 - 2 코일 디바이스를 위한 프라이머리 전력 공급 튜닝 네트워크 및 동작 방법 - Google Patents

2 코일 디바이스를 위한 프라이머리 전력 공급 튜닝 네트워크 및 동작 방법 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR102191955B1
KR102191955B1 KR1020167000099A KR20167000099A KR102191955B1 KR 102191955 B1 KR102191955 B1 KR 102191955B1 KR 1020167000099 A KR1020167000099 A KR 1020167000099A KR 20167000099 A KR20167000099 A KR 20167000099A KR 102191955 B1 KR102191955 B1 KR 102191955B1
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
conductive structure
tuning
state
generate
tuning element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
KR1020167000099A
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Other versions
KR20160017042A (ko
Inventor
창-유 황
니콜라스 에톨 킬링
미켈 부디아
마이클 키신
조나단 비버
Original Assignee
위트리시티 코포레이션
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 위트리시티 코포레이션 filed Critical 위트리시티 코포레이션
Publication of KR20160017042A publication Critical patent/KR20160017042A/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR102191955B1 publication Critical patent/KR102191955B1/ko
Assigned to 위트리시티 에이아이 테크 엘엘씨 reassignment 위트리시티 에이아이 테크 엘엘씨 권리의 전부이전등록 Assignors: 위트리시티 코포레이션
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
KR1020167000099A 2013-06-07 2014-05-27 2 코일 디바이스를 위한 프라이머리 전력 공급 튜닝 네트워크 및 동작 방법 Active KR102191955B1 (ko)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/913,052 2013-06-07
US13/913,052 US9431169B2 (en) 2013-06-07 2013-06-07 Primary power supply tuning network for two coil device and method of operation
PCT/US2014/039522 WO2014197235A1 (en) 2013-06-07 2014-05-27 Primary power supply tuning network for two coil device and method of operation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20160017042A KR20160017042A (ko) 2016-02-15
KR102191955B1 true KR102191955B1 (ko) 2020-12-16

Family

ID=51059571

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020167000099A Active KR102191955B1 (ko) 2013-06-07 2014-05-27 2 코일 디바이스를 위한 프라이머리 전력 공급 튜닝 네트워크 및 동작 방법

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9431169B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP2984730B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP6619334B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR102191955B1 (https=)
CN (1) CN105229896B (https=)
WO (1) WO2014197235A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (65)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11476566B2 (en) 2009-03-09 2022-10-18 Nucurrent, Inc. Multi-layer-multi-turn structure for high efficiency wireless communication
US9431856B2 (en) * 2012-01-09 2016-08-30 Pabellon, Inc. Power transmission
JP2015008619A (ja) * 2013-06-26 2015-01-15 キヤノン株式会社 無線電力伝送受電装置
US10116230B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2018-10-30 Eaton Capital Unlimited Company Methods, circuits and articles of manufacture for configuring DC output filter circuits
US9815379B2 (en) * 2014-01-21 2017-11-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Systems and methods for electric vehicle induction coil alignment
WO2015161121A1 (en) * 2014-04-16 2015-10-22 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. High efficiency wireless power system
US10135305B2 (en) * 2014-06-10 2018-11-20 Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. Multi-mode wireless power transmitter
US9978732B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2018-05-22 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Network with integrated passive device and conductive trace in packaging substrate and related modules and devices
US9984815B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2018-05-29 Eaton Capital Unlimited Company Wireless power transfer apparatus and power supplies including overlapping magnetic cores
US10038324B2 (en) * 2015-01-06 2018-07-31 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Methods, circuits and articles of manufacture for controlling wireless power transfer responsive to controller circuit states
US10224753B2 (en) * 2015-05-27 2019-03-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless power transfer using a field altering circuit
US9692525B2 (en) * 2015-06-25 2017-06-27 Intel Corporation Optimal electric field coupling techniques for human body communication (HBC)
US10658847B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2020-05-19 Nucurrent, Inc. Method of providing a single structure multi mode antenna for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US9960629B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-05-01 Nucurrent, Inc. Method of operating a single structure multi mode antenna for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US10636563B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2020-04-28 Nucurrent, Inc. Method of fabricating a single structure multi mode antenna for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US10063100B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-08-28 Nucurrent, Inc. Electrical system incorporating a single structure multimode antenna for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US9941590B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-04-10 Nucurrent, Inc. Single structure multi mode antenna for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling having magnetic shielding
US9941743B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-04-10 Nucurrent, Inc. Single structure multi mode antenna having a unitary body construction for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US9948129B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-04-17 Nucurrent, Inc. Single structure multi mode antenna for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling having an internal switch circuit
US11205848B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2021-12-21 Nucurrent, Inc. Method of providing a single structure multi mode antenna having a unitary body construction for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US9941729B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-04-10 Nucurrent, Inc. Single layer multi mode antenna for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US9960628B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-05-01 Nucurrent, Inc. Single structure multi mode antenna having a single layer structure with coils on opposing sides for wireless power transmission using magnetic field coupling
US10985465B2 (en) 2015-08-19 2021-04-20 Nucurrent, Inc. Multi-mode wireless antenna configurations
US10153644B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2018-12-11 X Development Llc Delivering and negotiating wireless power delivery in a multi-receiver system
US10128660B1 (en) 2015-11-13 2018-11-13 X Development Llc Wireless solar power delivery
US10135257B1 (en) 2015-11-13 2018-11-20 X Development Llc Extending the distance range of near-field wireless power delivery
US10389140B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2019-08-20 X Development Llc Wireless power near-field repeater system that includes metamaterial arrays to suppress far-field radiation and power loss
US10181729B1 (en) 2015-11-13 2019-01-15 X Development Llc Mobile hybrid transmit/receive node for near-field wireless power delivery
US10317963B1 (en) 2015-11-13 2019-06-11 X Development Llc Modular mechanism enabled by mid-range wireless power
US9866039B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2018-01-09 X Development Llc Wireless power delivery over medium range distances using magnetic, and common and differential mode-electric, near-field coupling
US10333334B2 (en) * 2016-01-29 2019-06-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless power transfer in an electronic device having a tuned metallic body
SG10201700633QA (en) 2016-02-03 2017-09-28 Gen Electric System and method for protecting a wireless power transfer system
EP3748812A1 (en) 2016-02-03 2020-12-09 General Electric Company Method and system for protecting a wireless power transfer system
US10879705B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2020-12-29 Nucurrent, Inc. Wireless connector receiver module with an electrical connector
SG10201707385XA (en) 2016-09-30 2018-04-27 Gen Electric Over voltage protection for a wireless power transfer system
US10424969B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-09-24 Nucurrent, Inc. Substrate configured to facilitate through-metal energy transfer via near field magnetic coupling
US10243415B1 (en) 2016-12-29 2019-03-26 X Development Llc Mobile power transmitter
US10958105B2 (en) 2017-02-13 2021-03-23 Nucurrent, Inc. Transmitting base with repeater
US20180328903A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-power source perishable item sensor apparatus
NL2018968B1 (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-12-04 Univ Delft Tech A wireless inductive charging system and a method
CN110663157B (zh) * 2017-05-26 2024-02-13 通用电气公司 电力传输装置及其相关方法
US11282638B2 (en) 2017-05-26 2022-03-22 Nucurrent, Inc. Inductor coil structures to influence wireless transmission performance
KR102542941B1 (ko) * 2018-06-08 2023-06-14 현대자동차주식회사 저주파 누설전류를 감소시킬 수 있는 충전 장치
CN110601377B (zh) * 2018-06-12 2023-12-26 成都天府新区光启未来技术研究院 无线充电发射装置、接收装置、系统及谐振参数匹配方法
US10720956B2 (en) * 2018-09-06 2020-07-21 Intel Corporation Low loss transmitter receiver switch with transformer matching network
DE102018215881B3 (de) * 2018-09-19 2020-02-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Koppeln zweier Gleichstromnetze
KR102714685B1 (ko) * 2018-11-30 2024-10-11 위트리시티 코포레이션 고전력 무선 전력 시스템에서의 저전력 여기를 위한 시스템 및 방법
KR102659238B1 (ko) 2018-12-12 2024-04-18 현대자동차주식회사 저주파 누설전류를 감소시킬 수 있는 충전 장치
KR102657323B1 (ko) 2018-12-12 2024-04-12 현대자동차주식회사 저주파 누설전류를 감소시킬 수 있는 충전 장치
GB2580117A (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-07-15 Bombardier Primove Gmbh An antenna arrangement and a method of operating an antenna arrangement
WO2020220174A1 (zh) * 2019-04-28 2020-11-05 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 用于无线充电的功率匹配方法、装置及无线充电装置
US11990766B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-05-21 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Wireless power transfer apparatus with radially arrayed magnetic structures
US11271430B2 (en) 2019-07-19 2022-03-08 Nucurrent, Inc. Wireless power transfer system with extended wireless charging range
US11227712B2 (en) 2019-07-19 2022-01-18 Nucurrent, Inc. Preemptive thermal mitigation for wireless power systems
US11056922B1 (en) 2020-01-03 2021-07-06 Nucurrent, Inc. Wireless power transfer system for simultaneous transfer to multiple devices
US11283303B2 (en) 2020-07-24 2022-03-22 Nucurrent, Inc. Area-apportioned wireless power antenna for maximized charging volume
US11482892B2 (en) 2020-12-07 2022-10-25 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Systems and methods for wireless vehicle power transfer to vehicle devices using misalignment sensors
US11881716B2 (en) 2020-12-22 2024-01-23 Nucurrent, Inc. Ruggedized communication for wireless power systems in multi-device environments
US11876386B2 (en) 2020-12-22 2024-01-16 Nucurrent, Inc. Detection of foreign objects in large charging volume applications
US11695302B2 (en) 2021-02-01 2023-07-04 Nucurrent, Inc. Segmented shielding for wide area wireless power transmitter
US11831174B2 (en) 2022-03-01 2023-11-28 Nucurrent, Inc. Cross talk and interference mitigation in dual wireless power transmitter
US12003116B2 (en) 2022-03-01 2024-06-04 Nucurrent, Inc. Wireless power transfer system for simultaneous transfer to multiple devices with cross talk and interference mitigation
CN115021427B (zh) * 2022-07-21 2025-12-23 中国科学院电工研究所 一种感应耦合能量传输系统的谐波抑制电路
CN116667475B (zh) * 2023-03-13 2024-05-07 深圳库博能源科技有限公司 一种基于云计算的储能管理系统及方法
EP4443247B1 (fr) * 2023-04-06 2025-08-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Pièce d'horlogerie comportant une micro-génératrice et une source lumineuse

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013070606A (ja) * 2011-09-21 2013-04-18 Hanrim Postech Co Ltd 無線電力送信装置及び方法
US20130141037A1 (en) 2011-12-05 2013-06-06 Jatupum Jenwatanavet Apparatus for wireless device charging using radio frequency (rf) energy and device to be wirelessly charged

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6150600A (en) 1998-12-01 2000-11-21 Buchla; Donald F. Inductive location sensor system and electronic percussion system
US7239110B2 (en) * 2002-05-13 2007-07-03 Splashpower Limited Primary units, methods and systems for contact-less power transfer
US7825543B2 (en) * 2005-07-12 2010-11-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Wireless energy transfer
EP2027705A2 (en) 2006-06-14 2009-02-25 Powercast Corporation Wireless power transmission
GB0716679D0 (en) 2007-08-28 2007-10-03 Fells J Inductive power supply
EP2266179A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2010-12-29 Access Business Group International LLC Inductive power supply system with multiple coil primary
US8912687B2 (en) * 2008-09-27 2014-12-16 Witricity Corporation Secure wireless energy transfer for vehicle applications
US8923015B2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2014-12-30 Auckland Uniservices Limited Primary-side power control for inductive power transfer
JP5607722B2 (ja) * 2009-04-08 2014-10-15 アクセス ビジネス グループ インターナショナル リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー 選択可能なコイルアレイ
EP2256895A1 (en) 2009-05-28 2010-12-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Inductive power system and method
KR20120056276A (ko) 2009-12-24 2012-06-01 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 무선 전력 전송 장치
JP5307073B2 (ja) * 2010-05-14 2013-10-02 株式会社豊田自動織機 非接触受電システム及び非接触電力伝送システム
US9054542B2 (en) * 2010-06-10 2015-06-09 Access Business Group International Llc Coil configurations for inductive power transfer
US20120153739A1 (en) 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Cooper Emily B Range adaptation mechanism for wireless power transfer
KR101317360B1 (ko) * 2011-10-04 2013-10-11 주식회사 한림포스텍 무선 전력전송장치 및 방법
US20130175874A1 (en) * 2012-01-09 2013-07-11 Witricity Corporation Wireless energy transfer for promotional items
US9899145B2 (en) * 2012-03-20 2018-02-20 Auckland Uniservices Ltd. Winding arrangements in wireless power transfer systems
WO2013141717A1 (en) * 2012-03-20 2013-09-26 Auckland Uniservices Limited A wiring harness and wireless power transfer system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013070606A (ja) * 2011-09-21 2013-04-18 Hanrim Postech Co Ltd 無線電力送信装置及び方法
US20130141037A1 (en) 2011-12-05 2013-06-06 Jatupum Jenwatanavet Apparatus for wireless device charging using radio frequency (rf) energy and device to be wirelessly charged

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2984730A1 (en) 2016-02-17
US20140361628A1 (en) 2014-12-11
JP6619334B2 (ja) 2019-12-11
KR20160017042A (ko) 2016-02-15
EP2984730B1 (en) 2017-03-22
JP2016533145A (ja) 2016-10-20
US9431169B2 (en) 2016-08-30
WO2014197235A1 (en) 2014-12-11
CN105229896A (zh) 2016-01-06
CN105229896B (zh) 2019-03-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR102191955B1 (ko) 2 코일 디바이스를 위한 프라이머리 전력 공급 튜닝 네트워크 및 동작 방법
KR102157919B1 (ko) 모듈러 유도성 전력 전송 전력 공급기 및 동작 방법
JP6140220B2 (ja) 電気自動車での無線電力送信
CA2920780C (en) Systems and methods for bi-state impedance conversion in wireless power transfer
US9352661B2 (en) Induction power transfer system with coupling and reactance selection
EP2873132B1 (en) Tuning circuit and method for wireless power transfer systems
US20160068070A1 (en) Methods and apparatus for tuning and controlling double couple inductive power transfer systems
EP2781012A1 (en) Systems, methods, and apparatus for a high power factor single phase rectifier

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PA0105 International application

St.27 status event code: A-0-1-A10-A15-nap-PA0105

PG1501 Laying open of application

St.27 status event code: A-1-1-Q10-Q12-nap-PG1501

P22-X000 Classification modified

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P22-nap-X000

A201 Request for examination
P11-X000 Amendment of application requested

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000

P13-X000 Application amended

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000

PA0201 Request for examination

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D11-exm-PA0201

N231 Notification of change of applicant
PN2301 Change of applicant

St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R13-asn-PN2301

St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R11-asn-PN2301

D13-X000 Search requested

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D13-srh-X000

D14-X000 Search report completed

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D14-srh-X000

E902 Notification of reason for refusal
PE0902 Notice of grounds for rejection

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D21-exm-PE0902

E13-X000 Pre-grant limitation requested

St.27 status event code: A-2-3-E10-E13-lim-X000

P11-X000 Amendment of application requested

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000

P13-X000 Application amended

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000

E701 Decision to grant or registration of patent right
PE0701 Decision of registration

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D22-exm-PE0701

GRNT Written decision to grant
PR0701 Registration of establishment

St.27 status event code: A-2-4-F10-F11-exm-PR0701

PR1002 Payment of registration fee

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-U10-U12-oth-PR1002

Fee payment year number: 1

PG1601 Publication of registration

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-Q10-Q13-nap-PG1601

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 4

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 5

PN2301 Change of applicant

St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R11-asn-PN2301

R11 Change to the name of applicant or owner or transfer of ownership requested

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-5-5-R10-R11-ASN-PN2301 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)

PN2301 Change of applicant

St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R14-asn-PN2301

R14 Transfer of ownership recorded

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-5-5-R10-R14-ASN-PN2301 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)