KR102039163B1 - Heat Pump For a Vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat pump for an automobile, which improves the driving performance of the battery by maintaining a constant temperature of the battery as needed, while ensuring a sufficient heat source by using waste heat of the battery when the outside temperature is low. It is about a heat pump system with an existing technology. In addition, the automotive heat pump of the present invention is characterized by using a water-cooled heat exchanger, without using a general air-cooled external heat exchanger.

Description

Heat Pump For a Vehicle

The present invention relates to a heat pump for an automobile, which improves the driving performance of the battery by maintaining a constant temperature of the battery as needed, while ensuring a sufficient heat source by using waste heat of the battery when the outside temperature is low. It is about a heat pump system with an existing technology. In addition, the automotive heat pump of the present invention is characterized by using a water-cooled heat exchanger, without using a general air-cooled external heat exchanger.

Under the keynote of environmentally friendly industrial development and the development of energy sources to replace fossil raw materials, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are the most attentionable areas in the automobile industry in recent years. These electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are equipped with batteries to provide driving power. The batteries are used not only for driving but also for heating and cooling.

In a vehicle that provides driving power using a battery, the use of the battery as a heat source during heating and cooling means that the mileage is reduced. To overcome the above problem, a heat pump system that has been widely used as a home air conditioner in the past has been used. A method of applying is proposed.

For reference, the heat pump refers to moving the absorbed heat to high temperature by absorbing low temperature heat. An example heat pump has a cycle in which a liquid refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator, takes heat away from the surroundings, becomes a gas, and again liquefies while releasing heat to the surroundings by the condenser. When applied to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, there is an advantage that can secure a heat source lacking in the conventional general air conditioning apparatus.

However, when the heat pump system is used when the outside temperature is too low during heating operation of the vehicle, the heating capacity is significantly reduced.

Various studies have been conducted by automobile manufacturers in various countries to solve this problem. For example, PTC heaters are used to replenish the heating performance, or use the waste heat of the electronics to supplement the heating performance.

However, the conventional method is insufficient to solve the problem of deterioration of the heating performance during heat pump defrosting operation, the battery energy was unilaterally consumed to supplement the heating performance, there was a problem that the operating performance of the battery is significantly reduced.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-0568248 Republic of Korea Utility Model Registration No. 20-0309412

If the heating operation is operated when the outside temperature is very low, there is a phenomenon that the heating performance is significantly reduced.

In this case, the problem of deterioration of heating performance is compensated for by using the waste heat of the battery, and the battery temperature can be kept constant in a situation where the waste heat of the battery is not necessary, thereby improving the operation performance of the battery as compared with the conventional one. To provide a heat pump system and its operation method.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention is to disclose a heat pump system to solve the problem that the frost is formed in the external heat exchanger by the cold outside air in winter to perform the defrosting operation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems a compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant; An internal heat exchanger disposed in an air conditioning case and heat-exchanging refrigerant discharged from the compressor with indoor air; A water-cooled heat exchanger for exchanging refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger with cooling water; First expansion means disposed on a refrigerant line between the internal heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger and provided to expand the refrigerant according to an air conditioning mode; Second expansion means provided to expand the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger in accordance with an air conditioning mode; It is located in the rear end of the second expansion means, and provides an evaporator provided to evaporate the refrigerant; a heat pump for a vehicle comprising a.

The water-cooled heat exchanger is characterized in that the laminated water-cooled heat exchanger consisting of a condensation unit, a subcooling unit, a connector, a coupler and a receiver dryer.

In addition, the heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the water-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the LT radiator through a cooling water line.

The heat pump of the present invention can be used in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles.

The battery waste heat recovery line may be connected between the rear end of the water-cooled heat exchanger and the accumulator, and bypass the evaporator.

According to an embodiment of the present invention is formed in parallel with the refrigerant line and the battery waste heat recovery line, further comprising a battery waste heat flow line for heat exchange with the battery waste heat recovery line using the battery chiller, the battery waste heat flow line The battery, characterized in that the battery PTC heater is provided.

Further, characterized in that the first opening and closing means for the selective control of the refrigerant flow in accordance with the air conditioning mode of the vehicle in front of the direction switching valve.

And an intermediate heat exchanger between the divert valve and the evaporator.

In addition, the first expansion means and the third expansion means is an electronic expansion means, it characterized in that the opening amount can be selectively adjusted according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention by checking the temperature of the battery in real time, when the battery is measured above the predetermined temperature, the third expansion means suitably open to control the refrigerant to be supplied to the battery chiller side It is characterized by.

According to one embodiment may further include an electric field waste heat recovery chiller provided to recover the electric field waste heat on the heating line.

According to one embodiment may include a dehumidification line for directly supplying the refrigerant from the rear end of the internal heat exchanger to the front end of the second expansion means, and a second opening and closing means for opening and closing the dehumidification line.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a heat core 520 disposed in the air conditioning case to assist the insufficient heat source and a PTC heater 530 for providing a heat source to the heat core 520 are further included. You can do

In the present invention, compared to the conventionally well-known heat pump system, by removing the air-cooled external heat exchanger to heat exchange with the outside, by using a water-cooled heat exchanger for heat exchange with the cooling water, it is possible to fundamentally prevent the problem of frost.

In addition, the external heat exchanger configured in the existing heat pump system has a low heating capacity because the condensed water on the surface when the outside temperature is low temperature, the present invention uses a heat source type heat pump that obtains heat from the cooling water, heating capacity in winter This deterioration can be prevented.

On the other hand, it is also possible to improve the heating performance by using the battery waste heat.

Furthermore, when the use of waste heat of the battery is not necessary, the driving performance of the battery used in the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle can be improved by applying the technology for maintaining the temperature of the battery to the heat pump system of the present invention. It also has the advantage.

As a deriving effect of using a water-cooled heat exchanger, the air-cooled external heat exchanger (CRTM) of the vehicle according to the conventional air-cooled external heat exchanger is arranged in a condenser-radiator-fan sequence in order from the direction in which the external air flows. The HEX condenser can be replaced with a water-cooled heat exchanger placed on the cooling water line. That is, it is possible to change from the conventional CRFM structure to the RFM structure, thereby reducing the requirements of the motor driving the fan, there is an advantage that can be configured air conditioning apparatus of a compact structure.

1 is a diagram illustrating a circulation path of a refrigerant in a cooling operation mode in a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view showing the flow of the cooling water flowing in the water-cooled heat exchanger in the configuration of the heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view showing the flow of the refrigerant flowing in the water-cooled heat exchanger in the configuration of the heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view showing the flow of the cooling water flowing in the water-cooled heat exchanger according to another embodiment of FIG.
5 is a view showing the flow of the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger according to another embodiment of FIG.
6 is a view illustrating a circulation path of the refrigerant in the heating operation mode in the configuration of the heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view illustrating a circulation path of the refrigerant in the heating-dehumidification operation mode in the configuration of the heat pump according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail with respect to the 'heat pump for automobiles' of the present invention. The described embodiments are provided to enable those skilled in the art to easily understand the technical spirit of the present invention, and thus the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the matters represented in the accompanying drawings may be different from the form actually embodied in the schematic drawings in order to easily explain the embodiments of the present invention.

The expression 'comprising' certain components merely refers to the presence of the components as an 'open' expression, and should not be understood as excluding additional components.

Further, when a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it should be understood that there may be a direct connection or connection to that other component, but there may be other components in between.

In addition, an expression such as 'first' and 'second' is used only for distinguishing a plurality of components, and does not limit the order or other features between the components. In particular, expressions such as '12th expansion means, second expansion means', or 'line1, line1-1, line1-2, line2, line3, line4, line 5' are only for clearly distinguishing each component. It does not limit the order or other features between the components.

Referring to Figure 1 will be described the overall configuration of the automotive heat pump of the present invention.

1 shows a configuration of a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. And the circulation path of the refrigerant in the cooling operation mode is shown.

First, the configuration of a heat pump for an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

Automotive heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is a compressor (COMP), the internal heat exchanger 110, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, the first expansion means 210, the second expansion means 230 on the refrigerant line ), The evaporator 140 may be disposed. And an accumulator (ACC) for separating the gas liquid on the refrigerant line may be arranged.

More specifically, on the refrigerant line line1, a compressor (COMP) for compressing and discharging the refrigerant; An internal heat exchanger (110) for heat-exchanging refrigerant discharged from the compressor with indoor air; A water-cooled heat exchanger (120) for exchanging refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger with outside air; A first expansion means (210) disposed on a refrigerant line between the internal heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger and provided to expand the refrigerant; Second expansion means 230 provided to expand the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger; An evaporator 140 positioned at a rear end of the second expansion means and provided to evaporate the refrigerant; A direction switching valve 220 disposed on a refrigerant line between the water-cooled heat exchanger and the evaporator; And an accumulator (ACC) for introducing a gaseous refrigerant into the compressor among liquid and gaseous refrigerants on the refrigerant line.

In particular, the present invention has a major technical feature in operating the heat pump system using the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 instead of the air-cooled external heat exchanger.

Advantages of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, as described above in the section of the effect of the invention, because the refrigerant is in contact with the outside air in the evaporation process has a principle of heat exchange with the cooling water without heat exchange, there is no advantage of the problem of winter conception And, in addition, there is an advantage to make the configuration of the air conditioning apparatus more compact.

2 to 4, an illustration of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention is shown.

2 and 3 illustrate a configuration in which a condenser, a receiver dryer, and a subcooler and a receiver dryer are connected by a pair of connectors each having a predetermined size in a structure of a water-cooled heat exchanger including a condenser, a subcooler, and a receiver dryer. . 4 and 5 are views showing the structure of the water-cooled heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the water-cooled heat exchanger shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the structure of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 consisting of a condenser, a subcooler and a receiver dryer. The condenser and the receiver dryer, and the subcooler and the receiver dryer are connected by a plate-shaped connector.

In the conventional case, if an external heat exchanger of a pin / tube type was used to secure a large heat exchange area in a gas flow process, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention is intended to exchange heat between liquids and plates. Stacked heat exchangers are used.

More specifically, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 according to an embodiment of the present invention is a heat exchanger for a vehicle that condenses high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant with coolant cooled by outside air to condense it into a medium-temperature high-pressure refrigerant. A condenser 120a having a laminated plate structure in which a first refrigerant inlet is formed, and a first refrigerant outlet is formed at the other side, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are stacked in one direction to form a flow channel therein; Is mounted adjacent to one side of the condensation unit (120a), the second refrigerant inlet is formed on one side to receive the refrigerant from the receiver dryer (120e), the second refrigerant outlet is formed on the other side, a plurality of heat exchange plate in one direction A supercooling unit (120b) having a laminated plate structure in which a flow channel is formed therein by stacking the stacks; And a receiver dryer (120e) mounted adjacent to one side of the condensation unit (120a), receiving the refrigerant from the first refrigerant discharge port, filtering and dehumidifying the condensed refrigerant, and delivering the refrigerant to the subcooling unit (120b).

Furthermore, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention includes a refrigerant connector 120c mounted between the condensation unit 120a and / or the subcooling unit 120b to change the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the connector 120c ) May further include a coupler 120d for connecting and fixing the condensation unit 120a and / or the subcooling unit 120b.

The configuration is simplified as described above, and by applying the compactly packaged water-cooled heat exchanger 120 to the heat pump of the present invention, unlike the air-cooled external heat exchanger that must be installed on the front of the vehicle, it is possible to install flexibly without any restriction on the installation position. Do. In addition, when the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is used, the refrigerant pressure variability is small compared to the air-cooled type, and thus the stability of the heat pump system is also improved. The condensation unit 120a, the subcooling unit 120b, the connector 120c, the coupler 120d, and the receiver dryer 120e may be integrated (eg, brazed).

In addition, since the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention includes a receiver dryer 120e, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 can effectively separate and process the gaseous phase and the liquid phase refrigerant generated during the phase change process of the refrigerant, It is also possible to increase the operating efficiency.

Referring back to Figure 2 may be characterized in that the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention is connected to the LT radiator 121 through the cooling water line (line5).

LT radiator 121 refers to a low temperature radiator 121, a radiator in which the coolant having a heat reduced by about 30 to 40 degrees Celsius compared to the engine coolant having a heat of about 100 degrees Celsius in the prior art Can be. The heat pump for a vehicle of the present invention is mainly configured to be suitable for an electric vehicle, and may be connected to a motor, an inverter, or a battery, and may serve to dissipate heat generated from these configurations.

By connecting the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the LT radiator 121, there is an advantage that can effectively reduce the heat of the cooling water raised by the condensation of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 in the LT radiator 121.

On the other hand, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the direction switching valve 230 is disposed on the refrigerant line between the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the evaporator 140; And an accumulator (ACC) for introducing a gaseous refrigerant into the compressor among liquid and gaseous refrigerants on the refrigerant line.

In particular, the heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant line line1 is a refrigerant accumulator (ACC)-the compressor (COMP)-the internal heat exchanger (110)-the first expansion means (210)- Ports passing in the order of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 are common, and the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger during the cooling operation by the direction switching valve 230 is the second expansion means 230-the evaporator 140-the It is divided into a cooling line (line1-2) operated during the cooling operation in the order of the accumulator (ACC) and a heating line (line1-1) operated during the heating operation in which the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger flows into the accumulator (ACC). In addition, separate from the cooling line (line1-2) and the heating line (line1-1), the refrigerant is branched at the rear end position of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the refrigerant line (line1) to exchange heat with the battery, the accumulator To go back to ACC Battery waste heat recovery lines (line1-3); A battery chiller 150 provided on the battery waste heat recovery line line 1-3; And a third expansion means 240 disposed in front of the battery chiller 150 and expanding the refrigerant branched from the refrigerant line line1.

The heat pump system for a vehicle of the present invention having the above configuration may be applied to an electric vehicle driven only by a battery without an internal combustion engine using fossil fuel, or a hybrid vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and a battery at the same time.

The main technical idea of the present invention is for the battery waste heat recovery line (line 1-3) and the battery chiller 150 portion. Battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) is connected between the rear end of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the accumulator (ACC), is formed to bypass the evaporator 140, the battery chiller 150 is battery waste heat Is disposed on the recovery line (line 1-3) is provided for the heat exchange between the fluid flowing on the refrigerant line (line) and the fluid flowing on the battery waste heat flow line (line2).

The battery waste heat flow line (line2) is formed in parallel with the refrigerant line (line1) and the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3), by using the battery chiller 150 battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) Heat exchange with). The battery 300, the battery PTC heater 310 may be provided on the battery waste heat flow line (line2), and further, as shown in the drawing, a battery radiator 330, an electric pump 340, and a battery direction switching valve ( 350 is further arranged to properly maintain the waste heat generated from the battery by the organic interlocking of the arrangement, or to provide the refrigerant to the refrigerant line line1.

The battery chiller 150 of the present invention may be divided into a waste heat side part and a refrigerant side part. The battery chiller 150 meets two different fluids and transfers thermal energy of each fluid. According to the third law of thermodynamics, heat is transferred from a fluid having a higher temperature to a fluid having a cold temperature. Fluids encountered in the battery chiller 150 may be configured not to be mixed with each other.

The heat pump of the present invention includes a direction switching valve 220 for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant discharged from the water-cooled heat exchanger 120. Directional valve 220 is the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 to the evaporator 140 side (in this case, the refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator through the second expansion means) in accordance with the air conditioning mode of the vehicle. Supply or directly to the accumulator (ACC) side without passing through the evaporator 140. To this end, the direction switching valve 220 may be composed of a 3-way valve (three-way valve). When the direction change valve 220 is a 3-way valve, an operation of supplying a refrigerant to the evaporator 140 and an operation of supplying a refrigerant to an accumulator (ACC) may be selectively performed.

In the cooling operation mode, the direction switching valve 220 allows the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 to be supplied to the evaporator 140 through the second expansion means 230, and the heating operation mode and the heating-dehumidification operation mode. In the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 to pass directly to the accumulator (ACC) side, without passing through the evaporator 140 side.

Meanwhile, a first opening / closing means 250 may be provided at the front end of the direction switching valve 220 for selective control of the refrigerant flow according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle.

The first opening and closing means 250 is a kind of shut off valve, and serves to control the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the second direction switching valve 220 or to block the flow of the refrigerant.

On the other hand, in the heat pump for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first expansion means 210 and the third expansion means 240 are electronic expansion means, the opening amount can be selectively adjusted according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle It is characterized by. According to an embodiment, the first expansion means 210 and the third expansion means 240 may be fully open or partially open, depending on the air conditioning mode of the vehicle (in accordance with an input of a user or a controller). It is possible to change the state of the refrigerant or to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant. Through this, the opening amount on the line through which the refrigerant flows can be freely adjusted. The opening amount is determined according to the pipe shape, which is different from the mechanical expansion means in which the pressure in the refrigerant line cannot be freely adjusted.

In addition, the vehicle heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include an intermediate heat exchanger 130 between the direction change valve 220 and the evaporator 140. The intermediate heat exchanger 130 is also called IHX and is provided for heat exchange between the refrigerant before passing through the second expansion means 230 and the evaporator 140 and the refrigerant after passing. According to an embodiment, the intermediate heat exchanger 130 may include a double pipe formed to include an outer conduit through which the refrigerant flows into the second expansion means 230 and an inner conduit through which the refrigerant flows from the second expansion means 230. It may be a heat exchange means of the form. Here, the refrigerant having a relatively high pressure and temperature flows through the outer conduit connected to the second expansion means 230, and the refrigerant having a relatively low pressure and temperature flows through the inner conduit.

In the cooling mode, the intermediate heat exchanger 130 induces heat exchange between the condensed refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the evaporated refrigerant passing through the evaporator, thereby increasing the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the accumulator (ACC), and ultimately, This can serve to improve the performance of the heat pump system.

On the other hand, the pressure sensor (P), the temperature sensor (T) is mounted on the refrigerant line connecting the compressor (COMP) and the first expansion means 210, the pressure of the refrigerant discharged in a compressed state from the compressor (COMP) Can be detected.

In addition, the pressure sensor P and the temperature sensor T may be arranged in plural on the refrigerant line so that the state of the flowing refrigerant may be confirmed in real time.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, the battery temperature sensor 320 may be further provided to check the temperature of the battery. The battery temperature sensor 320 is arranged on the battery 300 or the battery waste heat flow line (line2), unlike the pressure sensor (P) and the temperature sensor (T), and measures the temperature of the battery directly or indirectly. .

In the automotive heat pump of the present invention, the temperature of the battery 300 is checked in real time, and when the battery 300 is measured at a predetermined temperature or more, the third expansion means 240 is suitably opened to cool the refrigerant. Is controlled to be supplied to the battery chiller 150 side to maintain a constant temperature of the battery.

The accumulator (ACC) of the present invention is also called a receiver as a kind of gas-liquid separation means. The refrigerant is disposed before the refrigerant circulates the entire path of the refrigerant line and flows into the compressor (COMP), and serves to distinguish the refrigerant into the gas phase and the liquid phase. In particular, the accumulator (ACC) to supply the refrigerant in the gas phase to the compressor.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 is provided to recover the electric field waste heat on the heating line (line1-1).

In the heating mode or the heating-dehumidification mode, the refrigerant evaporated while passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and mixed with the low-temperature low-pressure gas phase and the liquid phase may be heat-exchanged while passing through another heat exchanger to be introduced into the accumulator (ACC). Specifically, the second evaporation may be induced through heat exchange with the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 before flowing through the direction switching valve 220 to the accumulator (ACC).

Here, the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 is connected through at least one electric equipment 400 and an electric field waste heat flow line (line3). Here, the electronic device 400 may correspond to any element that generates heat during driving, for example, a motor or an inverter. For reference, there is also a way to recover the waste heat of the cabin from the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 here.

 The waste heat provided on the refrigerant line may be used to increase the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the compressor (COMP), thereby reducing the power required for driving the compressor and improving the heating capacity.

It should be noted that the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 and the electric field waste heat recovery mechanism using the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 are configured independently from the battery waste heat.

Heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is a dehumidification line (line1-4) and a dehumidification line (line1-4) for directly supplying the refrigerant from the rear end of the internal heat exchanger 110 to the front end of the second expansion means (220) It may include a second opening and closing means 260 to open and close).

For dehumidification, a configuration in which the refrigerant passing through the compressor (COMP) and the internal heat exchanger 110 is bypassed to the front end of the second expansion means 220 without passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, that is, a dehumidification line (line1-4). ).

A second opening and closing means 260 is formed on the dehumidification line (line 1-6) to open and close the dehumidification line, and the second opening and closing means stores the relatively high temperature refrigerant condensed through the internal heat exchanger 120 in the heating-dehumidifying operation mode. By expanding the reduced pressure by 260 and then directly flowing to the evaporator 140 side, it is possible to provide a relatively improved defrosting performance compared to the case of not configuring a dehumidification line.

Like the first expansion means 250, the second expansion means 260 used here is a kind of shut off valve, and controls the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the second direction switching valve 220 or blocks the flow of the refrigerant. can do.

On the other hand, the automotive heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed inside the air conditioning case, the heat core 520 for assisting the insufficient heat source, and the PTC heater 530 for providing a heat source to the heat core 520 ) May be further included. When the user turns on the heating mode in the heat pump system with the flow of the refrigerant in winter, it is required to go through the circulation of the refrigerant due to the characteristics of the heat pump system, it takes a considerable time until the interior of the car warms. Therefore, in the present invention, by arranging the heat core 520 in the air conditioning case, and further including a PTC heater 530 for providing a heat source to the heat core 520 it can be provided auxiliary heating heat source.

PTC heater 530 of the present invention may be electrically connected to the heat core 520 and other components, as shown in Figure 1 may be a cooling water-based PTC heater.

 In the case of using a cooling water-based PTC heater, the electric pump 510 and the reservoir 540 may be additionally provided and operated, and the heating temperature of the heat pump system is quickly set by the user through the combination of the above configurations. To contribute to

On / off of the various air conditioning modes (cooling operation mode, heating operation mode, dehumidification-heating operation mode) of the present invention can be automatically adjusted and operated by the user's selection or the controller of the vehicle. Control of the temperature in the vehicle according to the air conditioning mode, the behavior of the valve for switching between the air conditioning mode can also be automatically adjusted and operated by the user's selection or the controller of the vehicle. Here, the controller may mean a conventional vehicle control unit (VCU) provided in a vehicle.

The controller senses the pressure information of the refrigerant received through the pressure sensor (P) and the temperature of the refrigerant received through the temperature sensor (T) to drive the compressor in each air-conditioning mode described below, and each expansion means The opening degree of 210, 230, and 240, the direction change of the direction change valve 220, and the opening degree of each open / close valve 250 and 260 are adjusted. On the other hand, as described above, the first expansion means 210 and the third expansion means 240 are constituted by electronic expansion means so that the control input of the controller can be reflected very quickly in the heat pump system of the present invention.

In addition, the controller may also play a role of controlling the air volume of the opening and closing door and the blowing fan.

In addition, the controller may determine whether to recover waste heat through the battery chiller 150 electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160, provide heat quantity, and provide heat amount according to a heating load required for the vehicle or a vehicle air conditioning mode. And

The control of the PTC heater 530 may also be performed by the controller.

Hereinafter, the operation method of the heat pump for a vehicle of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

According to the present invention, a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger (110), a first expansion means (210), a water-cooled heat exchanger (120), a diverter valve (220), and a second expansion means (230) on a refrigerant line (line1). ), An evaporator 140 and an accumulator (ACC) are disposed, and a first opening and closing means 250 is provided at the front of the directional valve 220 for selective control of the refrigerant flow according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle, and the internal heat exchanger A dehumidification line line1-4 for directly supplying the refrigerant to the front end of the second expansion means 220 at the rear end of the 110 and a second opening and closing means 260 for opening and closing the dehumidification line line1-4 are provided. And a battery waste heat recovery line (line 1-3), a third expansion means (240), and a battery chiller (150), which are branched from the refrigerant line (line1) and arranged to exchange heat with the battery (300). In the operation method of the pump, the battery by adjusting the opening amount of the third expansion means 240 according to the measured temperature of the battery 300 To control the temperature is characterized.

The heat pump for a vehicle of the present invention is characterized by the behavior of the first expansion means 210, the direction switching valve 220, the third expansion means 240, the first opening and closing means 250 and the second opening and closing means 260. The cooling operation, the heating operation and the heating-dehumidification operation are performed by this.

Particularly, in the present invention, since the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is used, it is not necessary to perform the defrosting operation because the problem of conception does not occur unlike the conventional general heat pump system.

Next, referring to FIG. 1 again, the cooling operation mode of the present invention will be described in detail.

In the cooling operation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant is compressed into a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger 110, a first expansion means 210, a water-cooled heat exchanger 120, a second expansion means 230, and an evaporator. 140, the accumulator (ACC) in order to pass through, the first expansion means 210 is made by full opening (full open).

Here, the path to the accumulator (ACC) side of the diverter valve 220 is closed and only the path connected to the evaporator 140 side is opened.

The first expansion means 220 is fully open to minimize pressure drop and state change of the refrigerant. Therefore, the high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor (COMP) passes through the internal heat exchanger (110) blocked by the door (12), passes through the water-cooled heat exchanger (120), and condenses with cold cooling water. This converts the refrigerant in the gas phase into a liquid refrigerant.

Subsequently, the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 130 is expanded under reduced pressure in the course of passing through the second expansion means 230 to become a refrigerant of low temperature and low pressure liquid, and then flows into the evaporator 140.

At this time, the first open / close valve 250 is in an open state, and the second open / close valve 260 is controlled in an off state.

The low temperature low pressure liquid refrigerant introduced into the evaporator 140 cools the air supplied by the blower fan 11 inside the air conditioning case 10, thereby cooling the vehicle interior.

In this process, the door 12 is controlled to close the air flow on the internal heat exchanger 110, flow into the air conditioning case 10, and then meet the evaporator 140 to immediately discharge the cool air into the cabin.

Thereafter, the refrigerant mixed with the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous phase and the liquid phase passed through the evaporator 140 passes through the accumulator ACC and flows back into the compressor COMP. Here, the accumulator ACC separates the liquid refrigerant and the gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerant supplied to the compressor COMP so that only the gaseous refrigerant may be supplied to the compressor COMP. The separated liquid refrigerant may be stored or drained.

On the other hand, in the cooling operation mode of the present invention is characterized in that a portion of the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is branched to the battery chiller 150 to maintain a constant temperature of the battery. Some of the coolant flows to the direction switching valve 220 side, and the other flows to the battery chiller 150 side, thereby keeping the temperature of the battery constant.

Compared with the conventionally well-known heat pump system, it is possible to significantly improve the operation performance of the battery by adding a path circulating to the water-cooled heat exchanger-> battery chiller-> accumulator-> compressor.

Referring to Figure 6, the heating operation mode will be described.

In the heating operation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant is passed through the compressor (COMP), the internal heat exchanger 110, the first expansion means 210, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, the accumulator (ACC) in order. ,

This is achieved by suitably opening the first expansion means 210.

Here, the path to the evaporator 140 side of the diverter valve 220 is closed and only the path directly connected to the accumulator 140 is opened.

The refrigerant of high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous phase introduced into the internal heat exchanger 110 is condensed while exchanging heat with the air introduced into the air conditioning case 10 through the blower fan 11 to convert the refrigerant in the gas phase into a liquid refrigerant. In addition, the air passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 is converted into a warm air, and is supplied to the vehicle interior to heat the interior of the vehicle compartment. In this process, the door 12 opens the air flow on the internal heat exchanger 110 and heats the air by flowing into the air-conditioning case 10 and then encountering the internal heat exchanger 110 to discharge hot air into the cabin. .

The refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 is expanded under reduced pressure (or adiabatic expansion) while passing through the first expansion means 210 to become a low pressure refrigerant. The refrigerant is supplied to the water-cooled heat exchanger 120.

 Liquid refrigerant evaporates in the water-cooled heat exchanger (120). In the evaporation process, the refrigerant enters a mixture of gaseous and liquid phases and flows to the accumulator (ACC) side.

At this time, the first open / close valve 250 is in an On state, and the second open / close valve 260 is controlled in an Off state.

According to an embodiment, when the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 is provided between the accumulator ACC and the direction switching valve 220, the refrigerant may be secondarily evaporated by the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160.

The refrigerant introduced into the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 exchanges heat with the electric field waste heat flow line line3. Here, the heat exchange may be selectively performed. The heat exchange may be performed in such a way that the refrigerant is provided with heat from the fluid line on the waste heat recovery part when the heat is increased to improve the heating performance. For example, when the outdoor temperature is a low temperature of less than a predetermined temperature (for example, -10 ° C), in addition to the heating performance by the flow of a normal refrigerant, the operation that actively receives waste heat from the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 Mode (high heating operation mode) can be performed to satisfy the heating load required for the vehicle.

Refrigerant with a relatively low temperature, low pressure, gaseous phase and liquid phase is relatively high temperature, low pressure, mixed with the gaseous phase and liquid phase when first introduced to the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 The refrigerant may be introduced into the accumulator (ACC) side. This action, in turn, increases the efficiency of the compressor (COMP) to increase the heating efficiency.

On the other hand, in the heating operation mode of the present invention is characterized in that a portion of the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is branched to the battery chiller 150 to maintain a constant temperature of the battery. Some of the refrigerant to flow to the direction switching valve 220 side, and the other to flow to the battery chiller 150 side, it is possible to keep the temperature of the battery constant.

However, unlike the cooling operation mode described above, the temperature of the battery is not formed relatively high by the outside temperature in winter. Therefore, in order to keep the temperature of the battery constant, the temperature of the battery may be checked in real time, and the third expansion means 240 may be opened only when necessary, or the opening amount may be appropriately adjusted.

As such, in the heating operation mode, the battery waste heat recovery line line1-3 may be selectively opened to maintain the temperature of the battery as in the cooling operation mode. In FIG. 6, the battery waste heat recovery line line1-3 shows the heating operation mode. Note the dashed lines.

Next, the heating-dehumidification operation mode will be described with reference to FIG. 7.

In the heating-dehumidifying operation method of the present invention, the refrigerant is passed through the compressor (COMP), the internal heat exchanger 110, the first expansion means 210, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, the accumulator (ACC) in order, the internal heat A part of the refrigerant passing through the exchanger 100 is branched to be supplied to the evaporator 140 through the dehumidification line line 1-4, and the first expansion means 210 is suitably open.

For reference, the heating operation except for the dehumidification function is the same as in the above-described heating operation mode, and thus description thereof will be omitted.

In the heating-dehumidification mode, the dehumidification function is performed by branching the refrigerant passing through the compressor COMP and the internal heat exchanger 110 through the dehumidification line line 1-4.

Both the first open / close valve 250 and the second open / close valve 260 provided on the refrigerant line are open controlled.

Here, the heat pump of the present invention can perform indoor dehumidification by exchanging heat with air in the vehicle through the refrigerant bypassed to the evaporator 140, and with this, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is not bypassed to the evaporator 140. The refrigerant flowing to the side can be operated as in the normal heating operation.

In addition, the battery temperature maintenance method in the heating-dehumidification operation mode is made by supplying the refrigerant flowing to the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 side once more and supplying it to the battery waste heat recovery line line1-3, and in this case, branching only when necessary. Can be controlled.

According to the present embodiment, when the heat exchange is not performed smoothly by the external heat exchanger 120 due to cold outside air, the heating performance can be exhibited by using the heat generated by the battery 300.

According to various embodiments of the present invention described above, a method for maintaining a constant temperature of the battery in a mode other than the defrosting operation mode has been proposed, and thus, in the defrosting operation mode, it is possible to actively utilize the depletion of the battery maintained at a constant temperature. To provide an environment.

Heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention as described above, compared to the conventional well-known heat pump system, by removing the air-cooled external heat exchanger for heat exchange with the outside, by using a water-cooled heat exchanger for heat exchange with the cooling water, the problem of frost frost originated Can be blocked by

Since the present invention is a hydrothermal source heat pump that obtains heat from cooling water, it is possible to prevent the heating capacity of the winter from being lowered.

On the other hand, it is also possible to improve the heating performance by using the battery waste heat.

Furthermore, when the use of waste heat of the battery is not necessary, the driving performance of the battery used in the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle can be improved by applying the technology for maintaining the temperature of the battery to the heat pump system of the present invention. It also has the advantage.

As a deriving effect of using a water-cooled heat exchanger, the air-cooled external heat exchanger (CRTM) of the vehicle according to the conventional air-cooled external heat exchanger is arranged in a condenser-radiator-fan sequence in order from the direction in which the external air flows. The HEX condenser can be replaced with a water-cooled heat exchanger placed on the cooling water line. That is, it is possible to change from the conventional CRFM structure to the RFM structure, and accordingly has the advantage of lowering the specifications required for the motor driving the fan, and also has the advantage of configuring a more compact air conditioner.

In the above detailed description of the present invention, only specific embodiments thereof have been described. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention is not to be limited to the specific forms referred to in the description, but rather includes all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It must be understood.

10: air conditioning case (duct) 11: blowing fan
12 door 110 internal heat exchanger
120: water-cooled heat exchanger 121: LT radiator
130: intermediate heat exchanger
140: evaporator 150: battery chiller
160: electric field waste heat recovery chiller 210: first expansion means
220: direction switching valve 230: second expansion means
240: third expansion means 250: first opening and closing means
260: second opening and closing means 300: battery
310: battery PTC heater 320: battery temperature sensor
330: battery radiator 340: electric pump
350: battery direction switching valve 400: electrical equipment
510: electric pump 520: cooling water heating PTC heater
530: heater core 540: reservoir

Claims (14)

A compressor (COMP) for compressing and discharging the refrigerant; An internal heat exchanger (110) disposed in an air conditioning case and configured to heat-exchange the refrigerant discharged from the compressor with indoor air; A water-cooled heat exchanger (120) for exchanging refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger with cooling water; A first expansion means (210) disposed on a refrigerant line between the internal heat exchanger (110) and the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) and provided to expand the refrigerant according to an air conditioning mode; Second expansion means (230) provided between the water-cooled heat exchanger and the evaporator to expand the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) according to the air conditioning mode; An evaporator 140 positioned at a rear end of the second expansion means and provided to evaporate the refrigerant; Accumulator for introducing a gaseous refrigerant in the liquid phase and the gaseous refrigerant on the refrigerant line and the direction change valve 220 disposed on the refrigerant line between the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the second expansion means 230 ( ACC),
Refrigerant line line1 is a portion of the refrigerant passing through the accumulator (ACC)-the compressor (COMP)-the internal heat exchanger (110)-the first expansion means (210)-the water-cooled heat exchanger (120). And cooling the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 by the direction switching valve 220 during the cooling operation in the order of the second expansion means 230-the evaporator 140-the accumulator (ACC). Line (1-2) and the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is divided into a heating line (line1-1) which is operated during the heating operation flowing into the accumulator (ACC),
Apart from the cooling line line 1-2 operated during the cooling operation and the heating line line 1-1 operated during the heating operation, the refrigerant branches at a rear end position of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the refrigerant line 1. A battery waste heat recovery line (line 1-3) provided to exchange heat with the battery and return to the accumulator (ACC);
A battery chiller 150 provided on the battery waste heat recovery line line1-3; And
A third expansion means (240) disposed in front of the battery chiller (150) and expanding the refrigerant branched from the refrigerant line (line1);
According to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle between the position where the battery waste heat recovery line (line 1-3) is branched to the refrigerant line (line1) and the direction control valve 220, the flow rate of the refrigerant is blocked or the refrigerant flow is blocked. The first opening and closing means 250 for selectively controlling the,
The first expansion means 210 is an electronic expansion means that is fully opened to pass through or partially open the refrigerant to be adjusted to expand the refrigerant,
The third expansion means 240 is an electronic expansion means that is open when necessary, and can selectively adjust the opening amount according to the air conditioning mode,
The water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is a vehicle heat exchanger for condensing high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant with coolant cooled by outside air to condense it into a medium-temperature high-pressure refrigerant, the first refrigerant inlet of the high temperature and high pressure is formed on one side, A condenser 120a having a laminated plate structure in which one refrigerant discharge port is formed and a plurality of heat exchange plates are stacked in one direction to form a flow channel therein; Is mounted adjacent to one side of the condensation unit (120a), the second refrigerant inlet is formed on one side to receive the refrigerant from the receiver dryer (120e), the second refrigerant outlet is formed on the other side, a plurality of heat exchange plate in one direction A supercooling part (120b) having a laminated plate structure in which a flow channel is formed therein by stacking the stacks; And a receiver dryer (120e) mounted adjacent to one side of the condensation unit (120a), receiving the refrigerant from the first refrigerant discharge port, filtering and dehumidifying the condensed refrigerant, and delivering the refrigerant to the subcooling unit (120b).
And a refrigerant connector 120c mounted between the condensation unit 120a and the subcooling unit 120b to change the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the connector 120c, the condensing unit 120a, and the subcooling unit 120b. Automotive heat pump further comprises a coupler (120d) for interconnecting and fixing. delete The method of claim 1,
The water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is a car heat pump, characterized in that connected to the LT radiator 121 through the cooling water line (line5). The method of claim 1,
The heat pump is a vehicle heat pump, characterized in that used in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. delete delete The method of claim 1,
Battery waste heat flow line (line2) formed in parallel with the refrigerant line (line1) and the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3), and heat-exchanges with the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) using the battery chiller 150 ),
The battery 300, a battery PTC heater 310 is provided on the battery waste heat flow line (line2). delete The method of claim 1,
Further comprising an intermediate heat exchanger (130) between the direction switching valve 220 and the evaporator 140, heat exchange between the refrigerant before passing through and the refrigerant after passing through the evaporator (140). . delete The method of claim 1,
By checking the temperature of the battery 300 in real time, when the battery 300 is measured above the preset temperature, the third expansion means 240 is suitably open to supply the refrigerant to the battery chiller 150. Automotive heat pump, characterized in that controlled to be. The method of claim 1,
Automotive heat pump further comprises a electric field waste heat recovery chiller (160) provided to recover the electric field waste heat on the heating line (line1-1). The method of claim 1,
The dehumidification line line1-4 directly supplying the refrigerant to the front end of the second expansion means 220 at the rear end of the internal heat exchanger 110, and the second opening and closing means 260 for opening and closing the dehumidification line line1-4. Automotive heat pump comprising a. The method of claim 1,
A heat pump for an automobile, characterized in that it further comprises a heat core (520) disposed in the air conditioning case to assist the heat source insufficiently, and a PTC heater (530) for providing a heat source to the heat core (520).

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