KR102091809B1 - Heat Pump For a Vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat pump for a vehicle, and maintains a constant temperature of the battery as needed, thereby improving the driving performance of the battery, while using a waste heat of the battery to secure a sufficient heat source when the outside temperature is low. It is about a heat pump system with a technology. In addition, the heat pump for automobiles of the present invention is characterized by using a water-cooled heat exchanger instead of a general air-cooled external heat exchanger.

Description

Heat Pump For A Vehicle

The present invention relates to a heat pump for a vehicle, and maintains a constant temperature of the battery as needed, thereby improving the driving performance of the battery, while using a waste heat of the battery to secure a sufficient heat source when the outside temperature is low. It is about a heat pump system with a technology. In addition, the heat pump for automobiles of the present invention is characterized by using a water-cooled heat exchanger instead of a general air-cooled external heat exchanger.

Under the trend of environmentally friendly industrial development and the development of energy sources to replace fossil raw materials, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are the most popular fields in the automobile industry. Batteries are installed in these electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles to provide driving force, and batteries are used not only for driving but also for heating and cooling.

In a vehicle that provides driving power using a battery, the use of a battery as a heat source during heating and cooling means that the driving distance is reduced, and to overcome the above problems, a heat pump system that has been widely used as a home air conditioning system has been used. A method to apply it to was proposed.

For reference, a heat pump refers to absorbing heat at a low temperature and moving absorbed heat to a high temperature. As an example, a heat pump has a cycle in which a liquid refrigerant evaporates in an evaporator and takes heat from the surroundings to become a gas, and liquefies while releasing heat around the condenser. When this is applied to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, there is an advantage that it is possible to secure a heat source that is insufficient in the conventional air conditioning system.

However, when the heat pump system is used, when the outside temperature is too low during the heating operation of the vehicle, the heating ability is significantly reduced.

Various studies have been conducted to solve this problem in automobile manufacturers in various countries, and for example, PTC heaters were used to supplement heating performance, or waste heat from electrical equipment was used to supplement heating performance.

However, even with the conventional method, it was insufficient to solve the problem of deterioration in heating performance during the defrosting operation of the heat pump, and there was a problem in that the operation performance of the battery was significantly deteriorated because the battery energy had to be unilaterally consumed to supplement the heating performance.

Republic of Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0568248 Republic of Korea Utility Model Publication No. 20-0309412

If the heating operation is started when the outside temperature is very low, there is a phenomenon that the heating performance is significantly reduced.

In this case, the problem of deterioration of heating performance is compensated by using the waste heat of the battery, and in a situation where the waste heat of the battery is not required, the temperature of the battery can be kept constant, thereby improving the operating performance of the battery compared to the conventional one. It is intended to provide a heat pump system and an operation method thereof.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a heat pump system is provided to solve the problem of frost defrosting on an external heat exchanger due to cold outdoor air in winter, and to perform a defrosting operation.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, while using a PTC heater to obtain more improved heating performance, it is possible to locate a heater disposed in a conventional indoor air conditioning unit outside the air conditioning unit, and the structure of a heat pump of the prior art Compared to this, it has good space utilization and has the advantage of simplifying the air conditioning unit.

According to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems is a compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant; An internal heat exchanger disposed inside the air conditioning case and exchanging refrigerant discharged from the compressor with indoor air; A water-cooled heat exchanger that heats the refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger with cooling water; A first expansion means disposed on a refrigerant line between the internal heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger and provided to expand the refrigerant according to an air conditioning mode; A second expansion means provided to expand the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger according to an air conditioning mode; Included in the rear end of the second expansion means, the evaporator is provided to evaporate the refrigerant; including, the water-cooled heat exchanger provides a heat pump for automobiles, characterized in that connected to the cooling water-based PTC heater through the cooling water line.

Here, the water-cooled heat exchanger is characterized in that it is a stacked water-cooled heat exchanger consisting of a condensing part, a supercooling part, a connector, a coupler, and a receiver dryer.

In addition, the heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the water-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the LT radiator through a cooling water line.

The heat pump of the present invention can be used in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles.

And the battery waste heat recovery line is connected between the accumulator and the rear end of the water-cooled heat exchanger, it may be characterized in that to bypass the evaporator.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is further formed in parallel with the refrigerant line and the battery waste heat recovery line, and further includes a battery waste heat flow line that exchanges heat with the battery waste heat recovery line using the battery chiller, and the battery waste heat flow line On the other hand, a battery and a battery PTC heater are provided.

In addition, a first opening and closing means for selective control of the refrigerant flow according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle is provided at the front end of the direction switching valve.

And it characterized in that it further comprises an intermediate heat exchanger between the direction switching valve and the evaporator.

In addition, the first expansion means and the third expansion means is an electronic expansion means, characterized in that the opening amount can be selectively adjusted according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, by checking the temperature of the battery in real time, when the battery is measured above a predetermined temperature, the third expansion means is partially opened (suitably open) to control the refrigerant to be supplied to the battery chiller side It is characterized by being.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an electric waste heat recovery chiller provided to recover electric waste heat on the heating line may be further included.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a dehumidifying line for directly supplying refrigerant from a rear end of the internal heat exchanger to a front end of the second expansion means and a second opening and closing means for opening and closing the dehumidifying line may be included.

According to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed inside the air-conditioning case further comprises a heat core 520 for supporting a shortage heat source, and a PTC heater 530 providing a heat source to the heat core 520. Can be done with

Heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention, by removing the air-cooled external heat exchanger to heat exchange with the outside air, and using a water-cooled heat exchanger to heat exchange with the cooling water compared to the conventionally well-known heat pump system, to fundamentally block the problem of frost formation You can.

In addition, the external heat exchanger configured in the existing heat pump system has a condensed water on the surface when the outside temperature is low and the heating ability is reduced. In the present invention, since the water heat source type heat pump that obtains heat from the cooling water is used, the winter heating ability It can prevent that this falls.

Furthermore, when it is not necessary to use the waste heat of the battery, it is possible to improve the driving performance of the battery used in the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle by applying a technology capable of maintaining the temperature of the battery constant to the heat pump system of the present invention. It also has some advantages.

As an effect derived from the use of a water-cooled heat exchanger, the air-cooled external heat exchanger in the structure of a CRFM (module arranged in the order of the condenser-radiator-fan in sequence from the direction in which the outside air blows) of the vehicle by using the conventional air-cooled external heat exchanger ( HEX Condenser) can be replaced with a water-cooled heat exchanger placed on the cooling water line. That is, it is possible to change from the conventional CRFM structure to the RFM structure, thereby reducing the required specifications of the motor driving the fan, and there is an advantage of constructing an air conditioning device having a compact structure.

In addition, when the outside temperature is low during the heating operation of the heat pump system, there is not much heat that can be obtained from the outside air (a lack of outside heat source), which causes a problem that the heating performance of the heat pump rapidly deteriorates, resulting in a conventional heat pump. The system has compensated for the lack of heat source by providing a separate heater inside the indoor air conditioning unit. However, in the present invention, the heater is arranged outside the indoor air conditioning unit, and a heater that allows heat to be directly applied to the cooling water is installed to compensate for insufficient heat at low temperatures to prevent the heating ability from deteriorating. Have

This has the advantage that the internal configuration of the indoor air conditioning unit is simplified compared to the prior art, and space utilization is increased.

1 is a view showing a circulation path of a refrigerant in a cooling operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view showing the flow of cooling water flowing in a water-cooled heat exchanger in the configuration of a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view showing the flow of a refrigerant flowing inside a water-cooled heat exchanger in the configuration of a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view showing the flow of cooling water flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger according to another embodiment of FIG. 2.
5 is a view showing a flow of a refrigerant flowing inside the water-cooled heat exchanger according to another embodiment of FIG. 3.
6 is a view showing a circulation path of a refrigerant in a heating operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view showing a circulation path of a refrigerant in a heating-dehumidifying operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the 'heat pump for automobiles' of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are provided so that those skilled in the art can easily understand the technical spirit of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereby. In addition, matters expressed in the accompanying drawings may be different from those actually implemented as schematic drawings to easily describe embodiments of the present invention.

The expression 'includes' certain components, as an expression of 'open', simply refers to the existence of the components and should not be understood as excluding additional components.

Furthermore, when it is mentioned that an element is connected to or connected to another component, it should be understood that other components may be directly connected or connected to the other component.

In addition, expressions such as 'first, second', etc. are expressions used only for distinguishing a plurality of components, and do not limit the order or other features between components. In particular, expressions such as '12th expansion means, 2nd expansion means', or 'line1, line1-1, line1-2, line2, line3, line4, line 5' are only to clearly distinguish each component from each other, It does not limit the order or other features between components.

Referring to Figure 1 will be described with respect to the overall configuration of the automotive heat pump of the present invention.

1 shows the configuration of a heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. And it shows the circulation path of the refrigerant in the cooling operation mode.

First, the configuration of an automobile heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

An automobile heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger 110, a water-cooled heat exchanger 120, a first expansion means 210, and a second expansion means 230 on the refrigerant line. ), The evaporator 140 may be disposed. In addition, an accumulator (ACC) for separating gas liquid on the refrigerant line may be disposed.

More specifically, on the refrigerant line (line1), a compressor (COMP) for compressing and discharging the refrigerant; An internal heat exchanger 110 that heats the refrigerant discharged from the compressor with indoor air; A water-cooled heat exchanger (120) that heats the refrigerant that has passed through the internal heat exchanger (110) with cooling water; A first expansion means 210 disposed on a refrigerant line between the internal heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and provided to expand the refrigerant; A second expansion means 220 provided to expand the refrigerant that has passed through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120; An evaporator 140 located at the rear end of the second expansion means and provided to evaporate the refrigerant; A direction change valve 210 disposed between the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the second expansion means 230 and an accumulator (ACC) for introducing a gaseous refrigerant out of the liquid and gaseous refrigerant into the compressor.

In particular, in the present invention, the main technical feature is to operate the heat pump system using the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 instead of the air-cooled external heat exchanger.

In addition, another main technical feature of the present invention is that the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is connected to a coolant-based PTC heater 540 through a coolant line (line5).

First, the advantage of having the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, as described above in the effect part of the invention, has the principle that the refrigerant exchanges heat with the cooling water without heat exchange in contact with the outside air during the evaporation process, so there is a problem in winter implantation. There is an advantage that does not occur, and in addition, there is an advantage to make the configuration of the air conditioning device more compact.

2 to 4, two examples of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention are shown.

2 and 3 show a configuration in which the condensing unit, the receiver dryer, and the supercooling unit and the receiver dryer are respectively connected by a pair of connectors in a structure of a water-cooled heat exchanger consisting of a condensing unit, a supercooling unit, and a receiver dryer. . 4 and 5 are views showing the structure of the water-cooled heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the water-cooled heat exchanger shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the structure of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 consisting of a condensing part, a supercooling part, and a receiver dryer In the figure, the condensing part and the receiver dryer, and the supercooling part and the receiver dryer are connected by a plate type connector.

In the conventional case, if a pin / tube type external heat exchanger was used to secure a wide heat exchange area during the flow of the gas, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention aims to exchange heat between liquid and liquid. A stacked heat exchanger is used.

More specifically, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention according to an embodiment is a heat exchanger for a vehicle that heats a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant with cooling water cooled by outside air to condense it into a medium-temperature high-pressure refrigerant. A first refrigerant inlet is formed, a first refrigerant outlet is formed on the other side, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are stacked in one direction to form a flow channel therein to form a condensation portion 120a of a laminated plate structure; It is mounted adjacent to one side of the condensation unit 120a, a second refrigerant inlet is formed on one side to receive refrigerant from the receiver driver 120e, a second refrigerant outlet is formed on the other side, and multiple heat exchange plates are unidirectional. A supercooling unit 120b having a stacked plate-like structure, which is stacked to form a flow channel therein; It includes a receiver dryer 120e mounted adjacent to one side of the condensing unit 120a, receiving the refrigerant from the first refrigerant outlet, filtering and dehumidifying the condensed refrigerant, and transferring the condensed refrigerant to the supercooling unit 120b.

Furthermore, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention is mounted between the condensing part 120a and / or the supercooling part 120b, and includes a connector 120c for refrigerant to change the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the connector 120c ) And the condenser 120a and / or the supercooling unit 120b by interconnecting and fixing the coupler 120d.

By simplifying the configuration as described above and applying the compactly packaged water-cooled heat exchanger 120 to the heat pump of the present invention, it is possible to flexibly install it without restriction on the installation position, unlike the air-cooled external heat exchanger that must be installed on the front of the vehicle. Do. In addition, when using the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, when compared to the air-cooled refrigerant pressure fluctuation is small, it has the effect of improving the stability of the heat pump system. The condensation unit 120a, the subcooling unit 120b, the connector 120c, the coupler 120d, and the receiver dryer 120e may be integrated (ex, brazable).

In addition, since the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention includes a receiver dryer 120e as a configuration, it is possible to effectively separate and process gaseous and liquid refrigerants generated in the phase change process of the refrigerant, thereby It is also possible to increase the operating efficiency.

Referring back to Figure 1, the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 of the present invention may be characterized in that it is connected to the LT radiator 530 through a cooling water line (line5).

The LT radiator 530 means a low temperature radiator, and may correspond to a radiator in which coolant having heat reduced by about 30 to 40 degrees Celsius communicates with engine coolant having heat near 100 degrees Celsius. The heat pump for automobiles of the present invention is mainly configured for an electric vehicle, and may be connected to a motor, an inverter, or a battery, and may serve to dissipate heat generated from these components.

Since the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the LT radiator 530 are connected, there is an advantage of effectively lowering the heat of the cooling water raised by condensation of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 in the LT radiator 530.

In addition, the cooling water line line5 of the present invention may further include an electric pump 510 and a reservoir 520, as shown in FIG. 1,

On the coolant line (line5), a line branching between the coolant-based PTC heater (540) and the LT radiator (530) is additionally configured, and according to an embodiment, the coolant flowing through the coolant line (line5) is an LT radiator. It may be possible to bypass (530).

1, in the cooling operation mode, the cooling water flowing in the cooling water line line5 can be circulated between the water cooling type heat exchanger 120 and the LT radiator 530, and the heating operation mode And in the heating-dehumidifying operation mode, the cooling water flowing in the cooling water line (line5) may be circulated by bypassing the LT radiator.

In particular, by controlling the cooling water-based PTC heater 540 in a situation where heating is required to provide a heat source provided to the refrigerant, it is possible to prevent the heat pump from being deteriorated even if the temperature of the outside air drops to an extremely low temperature. There will be.

According to a conventional heat pump system using a general external heat exchanger, the phase change of the refrigerant was greatly affected by the exterior environment of the vehicle, but in the case of the heat pump system of the present invention, direct contact with the outside air is not required by applying the water-cooled heat exchanger 120. In addition, since it is possible to provide a direct and active heat source by the coolant-based PTC heater 540, there is an advantage of being free from external environmental changes.

On the other hand, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a direction change valve 230 disposed on a refrigerant line between the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the evaporator 140; And an accumulator (ACC) for introducing a gaseous refrigerant out of the liquid and gaseous refrigerant on the refrigerant line into the compressor.

In particular, in the heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant line (line1) is the refrigerant is the accumulator (ACC)-the compressor (COMP)-the internal heat exchanger 110-the first expansion means 210- The parts passing in the order of the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 are common, and the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 by the direction change valve 230 is the second expansion means 230-the evaporator 140- In the order of the accumulator (ACC), the cooling line (line1-2) operated during cooling operation and the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) are operated during heating operation flowing into the accumulator (ACC). -1), separate from the cooling line (line1-2) operated during the cooling operation and the heating line (line1-1) operated during the heating operation, the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) of the refrigerant line (line1) The refrigerant is branched from the rear end position to exchange heat with the battery. Simulator battery waste heat that is provided back to the (ACC) return line (line1-3); A battery chiller 150 provided on the battery waste heat recovery line line1-3; And a third expansion means 240 disposed at the front end of the battery chiller 150 and expanding the refrigerant branched from the refrigerant line line1.

The heat pump system for a vehicle according to the present invention having the above-described configuration may be applied to an electric vehicle that is not provided with an internal combustion engine using fossil fuel and is driven only by a battery, or a hybrid vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and a battery at the same time.

The main technical idea of the present invention relates to the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) and the battery chiller (150). The battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) is connected between the rear end of the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) and the accumulator (ACC), and is formed to bypass the evaporator (140), and the battery chiller (150) It is disposed on the recovery line (line1-3) is provided for heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing on the refrigerant line (line1) and the fluid flowing on the battery waste heat flow line (line2).

Battery waste heat flow line (line2) is a configuration formed in parallel with the refrigerant line (line1) and the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3), the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) using the battery chiller 150 ) And heat exchange. A battery 300 and a battery PTC heater 310 may be provided on the battery waste heat flow line line2, and further, as shown in the drawing, a battery radiator 330, an electric pump 340, and a battery direction change valve ( 350) is further arranged, it is possible to properly maintain the waste heat generated in the battery by the organic interlocking of the arrangement or to provide to the refrigerant line (line1).

The battery chiller 150 of the present invention may be divided into a waste heat side part and a refrigerant side part. The battery chiller 150 meets two different fluids to transfer thermal energy of each fluid. According to the third law of thermodynamics, heat will be transferred from a fluid having a hotter temperature to a fluid having a colder temperature. The fluids met in the battery chiller 150 may be configured not to be mixed with each other.

The heat pump of the present invention includes a direction switching valve 220 for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant discharged from the water-cooled heat exchanger (120). The direction switching valve 220 replaces the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 to the evaporator 140 side (in this case, the refrigerant passes through the second expansion means and is supplied to the evaporator). Supply, or serves to supply directly to the accumulator (ACC) side without going through the evaporator 140. To this end, the direction switching valve 220 may be formed of a 3-way valve (three-way valve). When the direction change valve 220 is a 3-way valve, an operation of supplying refrigerant to the evaporator 140 side and an operation of supplying refrigerant to the accumulator ACC may be selectively performed.

In the cooling operation mode, in the cooling operation mode, the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is supplied to the evaporator 140 through the second expansion means 230, and the heating operation mode and the heating-dehumidification operation mode. In, the refrigerant that has passed through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is allowed to flow directly into the accumulator (ACC) side without going through the evaporator 140 side.

On the other hand, the first switching means 250 for the selective control of the refrigerant flow according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle may be provided at the front end of the direction switching valve 220.

The first opening and closing means 250 is a kind of shut off valve, and serves to control the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing into the second direction switching valve 220 or to block the flow of the refrigerant.

On the other hand, the first expansion means 210 and the third expansion means 240 in the heat pump for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is an electronic expansion means, which can selectively adjust the opening amount according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle. It is characterized by. The first expansion means 210 and the third expansion means 240 are either fully open or suitably open according to an embodiment, and according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle (depending on the user or controller input). ) It is possible to change the state of the refrigerant or to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant. Through this, the opening amount on the line through which the refrigerant flows can be freely adjusted. The opening amount is determined according to the shape of the piping, and is different from the mechanical expansion means that cannot freely adjust the pressure of the refrigerant line.

In addition, the vehicle heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include an intermediate heat exchanger 130 between the direction change valve 220 and the evaporator 140. The intermediate heat exchanger 130 is also referred to as IHX, and is configured to exchange heat between the second expansion means 230 and the refrigerant before passing through the evaporator 140 and the refrigerant after passing through. According to an embodiment, the intermediate heat exchanger 130 is a double pipe formed to include an outer pipe through which refrigerant flows into the second expansion means 230 and an inner pipe through which refrigerant flows out from the second expansion means 230 side. It may be a form of heat exchange means. Here, the refrigerant having a relatively high pressure and temperature flows in the outer pipe connected to the second expansion means 230, and the refrigerant having a relatively low pressure and temperature flows in the inner pipe.

In the cooling mode, the intermediate heat exchanger 130 induces heat exchange between the condensed refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the evaporated refrigerant passing through the evaporator, thereby increasing the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the accumulator (ACC), ultimately It can serve to improve the performance of the heat pump system.

On the other hand, a pressure sensor (P) and a temperature sensor (T) are mounted on the refrigerant line connecting the compressor (COMP) and the first direction switching valve (210), so that the refrigerant discharged in a compressed state from the compressor (COMP) Pressure can be sensed.

In addition, a plurality of pressure sensors (P) and temperature sensors (T) may be arranged on the refrigerant line to check the state of the flowing refrigerant in real time.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, a battery temperature sensor 320 may be additionally provided to check the temperature of the battery. Unlike the pressure sensor P and the temperature sensor T, the battery temperature sensor 320 is disposed on the battery 300 or the battery waste heat flow line line2, and directly or indirectly measures the temperature of the battery. .

In the heat pump for automobiles of the present invention, the temperature of the battery 300 is checked in real time, and when the battery 300 is measured above a preset temperature, the third expansion means 240 is partially opened (suitably open) to coolant. Is to be supplied to the battery chiller 150 side to maintain a constant temperature of the battery.

On the other hand, the accumulator (ACC) of the present invention is a type of gas-liquid separation means, also called a receiver. It is a component that is arranged before the refrigerant flows into the compressor (COMP) by circulating the entire path of the refrigerant line and serves to divide the refrigerant into a gas phase and a liquid phase. In particular, the refrigerant in the gas phase is supplied to the compressor through the accumulator (ACC).

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the electric heating waste heat recovery chiller 160 may be further provided on the heating line line1-1 to recover the electric waste heat.

In the heating mode or the heating-dehumidifying mode, the refrigerant evaporated while passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and mixed with a low-temperature low-pressure gas phase and a liquid phase can be introduced into the accumulator (ACC) by exchanging heat through another heat exchanger. Specifically, the second evaporation may be induced through heat exchange with the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 before entering the accumulator (ACC) through the direction switching valve (220).

Here, the electrical waste heat recovery chiller 160 is connected to at least one electrical equipment 400 through the electrical waste heat flow line line3. Here, the electrical equipment 400 may be any element that generates heat when driving, such as a motor or an inverter. For reference, the waste heat of the cabin room can also be recovered from the electric waste heat recovery chiller 160 here.

 By using the waste heat provided on the refrigerant line, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the compressor (COMP) can be increased, thereby reducing the power required to drive the compressor, and also improving the heating capacity.

It should be noted that the full length waste heat recovery chiller 160 and the full length waste heat recovery mechanism using the same are configured independently from the use of battery waste heat.

The heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a dehumidifying line (line1-4) and a dehumidifying line (line1-4) that directly supply refrigerant from the rear end of the internal heat exchanger (110) to the front end of the second expansion means (220). It may include a second opening and closing means 260 for opening and closing.

For dehumidification, a configuration that bypasses the refrigerant that has passed through the compressor (COMP) and the internal heat exchanger 110 to the front end of the second expansion means 220 without passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120, that is, the dehumidification line (line1-4) ).

On the dehumidifying line (line 1-6), a second opening / closing means 260 for opening and closing the dehumidifying line is formed, and in the heating-dehumidifying operation mode, the relatively high-temperature refrigerant condensed through the internal heat exchanger 120 is opened and closed as the second opening and closing means After allowing it to expand under reduced pressure by 260 and then directly flowing into the evaporator 140, it is possible to provide relatively improved defrosting performance compared to a case in which a dehumidifying line is not configured.

The second expansion means 260 used herein is a kind of shut-off valve similar to the first expansion means 250, and serves to control the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the second direction switching valve 220 or to block the flow of the refrigerant. can do.

On the other hand, a heat pump for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed inside the air conditioning case, a heat core 520 for assisting a shortage heat source, and a PTC heater 530 providing a heat source to the heat core 520 ) May be further included. When the user turns on the heating mode in the heat pump system accompanying the flow of refrigerant in winter, it takes a considerable amount of time until the vehicle interior becomes warm because the circulation of the refrigerant must be performed due to the characteristics of the heat pump system. Therefore, in the present invention, the heating core 520 is disposed inside the air conditioning case, and the PTC heater 530 providing the heat source to the heat core 520 is further included to assist in providing the insufficient heating heat source.

The PTC heater 530 of the present invention may be electrically connected to the heat core 520 and other components, but may be a coolant-based PTC heater as shown in FIG. 1.

 When using a coolant-based PTC heater, an electric pump 510 and a reservoir 540 may be additionally provided and operated, and the heating temperature of the heat pump system can be quickly and quickly desired by the combination between the above configurations. It can contribute to boosting.

The on / off of various air conditioning modes (cooling operation mode, heating operation mode, dehumidification-heating operation mode) of the present invention can be automatically adjusted and operated by a user's selection or a vehicle controller. The control of the temperature in the vehicle according to the air conditioning mode and the behavior of the valve for switching between the air conditioning modes can also be automatically controlled and operated by a user's selection or by a vehicle controller. Here, the controller may mean a normal vehicle control unit (VCU) provided in the vehicle.

The controller detects the pressure information of the refrigerant received through the pressure sensor (P) and the temperature of the refrigerant received through the temperature sensor (T), drives the compressor in each air conditioning mode described below, and drives each expansion means. The opening degree of (210, 230, 240), the direction switching of the direction switching valve 220, and the opening degree of each open / close valve (250, 260) are adjusted. On the other hand, as described above, the first expansion means 210 and the third expansion means 240 are composed of an electronic expansion means, so that the control input of the controller can be reflected very quickly in the heat pump system of the present invention.

In addition, the controller may also serve to control the air volume of the opening and closing doors and the blowing fan.

In addition, the controller may also determine whether to recover waste heat and provide heat, and time to provide heat through the battery chiller 150 full-length waste heat recovery chiller 160 according to a heating load required for a vehicle or a vehicle air conditioning mode. And

Control of the PTC heater 530 can also be performed by the controller.

Hereinafter, the operation method of the automobile heat pump of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

According to the present invention, a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger (110), a first expansion means (210), a water-cooled heat exchanger (120), a direction switching valve (220), and a second expansion means (230) on a refrigerant line (line1) ), An evaporator 140, an accumulator (ACC) is disposed, and a first opening / closing means 250 for selective control of refrigerant flow for each air conditioning mode of the vehicle is provided in front of the direction changing valve 220, and the internal heat exchanger Dehumidification line (1-4) for supplying the refrigerant directly from the rear end of the second expansion means (220) at the rear end of (110), and the second opening and closing means (260) for opening and closing the dehumidification line (line1-4) is provided , A heat characterized by arranging a battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3), a third expansion means 240, and a battery chiller 150, which are branched from the refrigerant line (line1) and are provided to exchange heat with the battery 300 In the operating method of the pump, the opening amount of the third expansion means 240 is adjusted according to the measured temperature of the battery 300, and the battery To control the temperature is characterized.

The heat pump for automobiles of the present invention is in the behavior of the first expansion means 210, the direction switching valve 220, the third expansion means 240, the first opening and closing means 250 and the second opening and closing means 260. By this, cooling operation, heating operation, and heating-dehumidification operation are performed.

In particular, it should be noted that, in the present invention, since a water cooling type heat exchanger 120 is used, a problem of implantation does not occur unlike a conventional general heat pump system, there is no need to perform a defrosting operation.

Next, referring to FIG. 1 again, the cooling operation mode of the present invention will be described in detail.

In the cooling operation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant is a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger 110, a first expansion means 210, a water-cooled heat exchanger 120, a second expansion means 230, an evaporator (140), through the accumulator (ACC) in order, it is made by full opening (full open) the first expansion means (210).

Here, the path of the direction switching valve 210 to the accumulator (ACC) is closed and only the path connected to the evaporator 140 is opened.

The first expansion means 220 is fully open, thereby minimizing pressure drop and state change of the refrigerant. Therefore, the high-temperature, high-pressure, gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor (COMP) passes through the internal heat exchanger (110) blocked by the door (12), passes through the water-cooled heat exchanger (120), and condenses with cold cooling water. Due to this, the refrigerant in the gas phase is converted into a liquid refrigerant.

Subsequently, the refrigerant that has passed through the water-cooled heat exchanger 130 expands under reduced pressure in the process of passing through the second expansion means 230 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then flows into the evaporator 140 side.

At this time, the first opening / closing valve 250 is in an open state, and the second opening / closing valve 260 is controlled to an off state.

The low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 140 cools the air supplied by the blowing fan 11 inside the air conditioning case 10, thereby cooling the vehicle interior.

In this process, the door 12 is controlled to close the air flow on the inner heat exchanger 110 side, enter the air conditioning case 10, and then meet the evaporator 140 to discharge cool air directly into the vehicle interior.

Subsequently, the refrigerant mixed with the low-temperature, low-pressure gas phase and the liquid phase that have passed through the evaporator 140 passes through the accumulator ACC and flows back into the compressor COMP. Here, the accumulator (ACC) separates the liquid refrigerant and the gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerants supplied to the compressor (COMP) so that only the gaseous refrigerant can be supplied to the compressor (COMP). The separated liquid refrigerant may be stored or drained.

Meanwhile, in the cooling operation mode of the present invention, a part of the refrigerant that has passed through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is branched to the battery chiller 150 to maintain a constant temperature of the battery. Some of the refrigerant flows to the direction switching valve 220 side, and the other portion flows to the battery chiller 150 side, thereby keeping the temperature of the battery constant.

Compared to the well-known heat pump system, it is possible to significantly improve the operating performance of the battery by adding a path circulating to the water-cooled heat exchanger-> battery chiller-> accumulator-> compressor.

Referring to FIG. 6, the heating operation mode will be described.

In the heating operation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant is passed through a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger 110, a first expansion means 210, a water-cooled heat exchanger 120, and an accumulator (ACC) in order. ,

It is made by partially opening the first expansion means 210 (suitably open).

Here, the path of the direction switching valve 210 to the evaporator 140 is closed and only the path directly connected to the accumulator 140 is opened.

The high-temperature, high-pressure, gaseous refrigerant flowing into the internal heat exchanger 110 is condensed while exchanging heat with the air introduced into the air conditioning case 10 through the blower fan 11 to convert the gaseous refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant. Then, the air that has passed through the internal heat exchanger 110 is converted to warm air, and then supplied to the vehicle interior to be heated. In this process, the door 12 performs heating by opening the air flow on the inner heat exchanger 110 side and flowing into the air conditioning case 10 to meet the inner heat exchanger 110 to discharge hot air into the vehicle interior. do.

And the refrigerant that has passed through the internal heat exchanger 110 passes through the first expansion means 210 and expands under reduced pressure (or adiabatic expansion) to become a low pressure refrigerant. And the refrigerant is supplied to the water-cooled heat exchanger (120).

 In the water-cooled heat exchanger (120), the liquid refrigerant evaporates. During the evaporation process, the refrigerant becomes a mixture of a gas phase and a liquid phase, and flows into the accumulator (ACC) side.

At this time, the first opening / closing valve 250 is in an On state, and the second opening / closing valve 260 is controlled in an Off state.

According to an embodiment, when the full length waste heat recovery chiller 160 is provided between the accumulator (ACC) and the direction switching valve 220, the refrigerant may be secondarily evaporated by the full length waste heat recovery chiller 160.

The refrigerant introduced into the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 exchanges heat with the electric field waste heat flow line (line3). Here, the heat exchange may be selectively performed. When the temperature of the refrigerant is increased to improve the heating performance, the refrigerant heat exchanges in the form of receiving heat from the fluid line at the waste heat recovery unit side. For example, when the outdoor temperature is in a low temperature state below a predetermined temperature (eg, -10 ° C), the operation is actively provided with waste heat from the electric field waste heat recovery chiller 160 along with the heating performance by the flow of the normal refrigerant. Mode (high heating operation mode) can be performed to satisfy the heating load required for the vehicle.

The refrigerant that is relatively low temperature, low pressure, and mixed with gaseous and liquid when it first enters the full length waste heat recovery chiller 160 passes through the full length waste heat recovery chiller 160, and is relatively hot, low pressure, and mixed with gas and liquid. As a refrigerant, it may flow into the accumulator (ACC) side. As a result, this action increases the efficiency of the compressor (COMP), thereby increasing the heating efficiency.

Meanwhile, even in the heating operation mode of the present invention, a part of the refrigerant that has passed through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is branched to the battery chiller 150 to maintain the temperature of the battery constant. Some of the refrigerant flows to the direction switching valve 220 side, and some of the refrigerant flows to the battery chiller 150 side, thereby keeping the temperature of the battery constant.

However, unlike the cooling operation mode described above, in winter, the temperature of the battery is not relatively high due to the outside temperature. Therefore, in order to keep the temperature of the battery constant, by checking the temperature of the battery in real time, the third expansion means 240 is opened only when necessary, or a method of appropriately adjusting the opening amount is taken.

Thus, in the heating operation mode, the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) can be selectively opened to maintain the temperature of the battery as in the cooling operation mode, and thus the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) is shown in FIG. 6 showing the heating operation mode. It should be noted that it is indicated by a dashed line.

Next, with reference to FIG. 7, the heating-dehumidifying operation mode will be described.

In the heating-dehumidifying operation method of the present invention, the refrigerant is passed in the order of a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger 110, a first expansion means 210, a water-cooled heat exchanger 120, and an accumulator (ACC). It is made by branching a part of the refrigerant passing through the exchanger 100 and supplying it to the evaporator 140 through the dehumidifying line (line1-4), and partially opening the first expansion means 210 (suitably open).

For reference, since the heating operation excluding the dehumidification function is the same as in the above-described heating operation mode, a description thereof will be omitted.

In the heating-dehumidifying mode, the dehumidifying function is performed by branching the refrigerant passing through the compressor (COMP) and the internal heat exchanger 110 through the dehumidifying line (line1-4).

Both the first opening / closing valve 250 and the second opening / closing valve 260 provided on the refrigerant line are open-controlled.

Here, the heat pump of the present invention is capable of performing indoor dehumidification by exchanging heat with air in the vehicle interior through a refrigerant bypassed to the evaporator 140, and the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 without being bypassed with the evaporator 140. ) Through the refrigerant flowing to the side can operate as in the normal heating operation.

In addition, the method of maintaining the temperature of the battery in the heating-dehumidifying operation mode is achieved by branching the refrigerant flowing to the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 once more and supplying it to the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3). Can be controlled.

According to the present exemplary embodiment, when an external heat exchanger 120 generates heat due to cold outside air and heat exchange from the external heat exchanger 120 is not smooth, it is possible to exert heating performance using heat generated from the battery 300.

According to various embodiments of the present invention described above, since a method for keeping the temperature of the battery constant in other modes except the defrosting operation mode has been proposed, in the defrosting operation mode, the battery heat maintained at a constant temperature can be actively utilized. It provides the environment.

The heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention as described above, compared to a conventionally well-known heat pump system, eliminates an air-cooled external heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the outside air, and uses a water-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat with coolant, resulting in the problem of frost formation. Can be blocked.

Since the present invention is a hydrothermal source heat pump that obtains heat from cooling water, it is possible to prevent the winter heating capacity from being lowered.

Furthermore, when it is not necessary to use the waste heat of the battery, it is possible to improve the driving performance of the battery used in the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle by applying a technology capable of maintaining the temperature of the battery constant to the heat pump system of the present invention. It also has some advantages.

As an effect derived from the use of a water-cooled heat exchanger, the air-cooled external heat exchanger in the structure of a CRFM (module arranged in the order of the condenser-radiator-fan in sequence from the direction in which the outside air blows) of the vehicle by using the conventional air-cooled external heat exchanger ( HEX Condenser) can be replaced with a water-cooled heat exchanger placed on the cooling water line. That is, it is possible to change from the conventional CRFM structure to the RFM structure, and thus has the advantage of lowering the specifications required for the motor driving the fan, and also has the advantage of constructing an air conditioning device having a more compact structure.

In the above detailed description of the present invention, only specific embodiments thereof have been described. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the particular forms mentioned in the detailed description, but rather includes all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood.

10: Air-conditioning case (duct) 11: Blowing fan
12: door 110: internal heat exchanger
120: water-cooled heat exchanger 130: intermediate heat exchanger
140: evaporator 150: battery chiller
160: battlefield waste heat recovery chiller 210: first expansion means
220: direction change valve 230: second expansion means
240: third expansion means 250: first opening and closing means
260: second opening and closing means 300: battery
310: battery PTC heater 320: battery temperature sensor
330: battery radiator 340: electric pump
350: battery direction change valve 400: electrical equipment
510: Electric pump 520: Cooling water heating PTC heater
530: LT radiator 540: reservoir

Claims (7)

A compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant (COMP); An internal heat exchanger 110 disposed inside the air conditioning case and exchanging refrigerant discharged from the compressor with indoor air; A water-cooled heat exchanger (120) that heats the refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger with cooling water; A first expansion means 210 disposed on a refrigerant line between the internal heat exchanger 110 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and provided to expand the refrigerant according to an air conditioning mode; A second expansion means 230 provided between the water-cooled heat exchanger and the evaporator to expand the refrigerant that has passed through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 according to an air conditioning mode; An evaporator 140 located at the rear end of the second expansion means and provided to evaporate the refrigerant; The water-cooled heat exchanger 120 and the second expansion means 230 is disposed between the direction change valve 220 and an accumulator (ACC) for introducing a refrigerant in the gas phase of the liquid and gas phase refrigerant into the compressor,
Refrigerant line (line1) is a part where the refrigerant passes in the order of the accumulator (ACC)-the compressor (COMP)-the internal heat exchanger 110-the first expansion means 210-the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 The refrigerant that has passed through the water-cooled heat exchanger 120 by the direction switching valve 220 is operated in the cooling operation in the order of the second expansion means 230-the evaporator 140-the accumulator ACC. In the heat pump for automobiles consisting of a line (1-2) and a heating line (line1-1) that is operated during a heating operation in which the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) flows into the accumulator (ACC),
Apart from the cooling line (line1-2) and the heating line (line1-1), the refrigerant is branched at the rear end position of the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) of the refrigerant line (line1) to exchange heat with the battery, and the accumulator (ACC ) To return to the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3);
A battery chiller 150 provided on the battery waste heat recovery line line1-3; And
The battery chiller 150 is disposed in front of the third expansion means 240 for expanding the refrigerant branched from the refrigerant line (line1);
Between the position where the battery waste heat recovery line (line1-3) is branched to the refrigerant line (line1) and the direction change valve 220, the flow of refrigerant is controlled by controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant or blocking the flow of the refrigerant according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle. It has a first opening and closing means 250 for selectively controlling the,
The first expansion means 210 is an electronic expansion means that is fully opened and passes through the refrigerant or is partially opened to adjust the refrigerant to expand,
The third expansion means 240 is an electronic expansion means that is opened when necessary, and is capable of selectively adjusting the opening amount according to the air conditioning mode,
The water-cooled heat exchanger 120 is a heat exchanger for a vehicle that heats a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant with cooling water cooled by outside air to condense it into a medium-high and high-pressure refrigerant. 1, a refrigerant discharge port is formed, a plurality of heat exchange plates are stacked in one direction to form a flow channel therein, a condensation unit 120a having a stacked plate-like structure; Mounted adjacent to one side of the condensing unit 120a, a second refrigerant inlet is formed on one side to receive refrigerant from the receiver driver 120e, a second refrigerant outlet is formed on the other side, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are unidirectional. A supercooling unit 120b having a stacked plate-like structure, which is stacked to form a flow channel therein; It includes a receiver dryer (120e) mounted adjacent to one side of the condensing unit (120a), receiving the refrigerant from the first refrigerant outlet and filtering and dehumidifying the condensed refrigerant and then delivering it to the supercooling unit (120b);
It is mounted between the condensing unit (120a) and the supercooling unit (120b) includes a connector for refrigerant (120c) for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant, the connector (120c) and the condensing unit (120a) and the supercooling unit (120b) It further includes a coupler (120d) for fixing by interconnecting,
The water-cooled heat exchanger (120) is a heat pump for automobiles, characterized in that it is connected to a coolant-based PTC heater (540) through a coolant line (line5). delete According to claim 1,
The water-cooled heat exchanger (120) is a heat pump for automobiles, characterized in that it is connected to the LT radiator (530) through a cooling water line (line5). According to claim 1,
The heat pump is a heat pump for automobiles, characterized in that used in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. According to claim 3,
On the cooling water line (line5), an electric heat pump for automobiles, characterized in that further includes an electric pump (510) and a reservoir (520). The method of claim 5,
In the cooling operation mode, the cooling water flowing in the cooling water line (line5) is a heat pump for automobiles, characterized in that it circulates between the water-cooled heat exchanger (120) and the LT radiator (530). The method of claim 5,
In a heating operation mode and a heating-dehumidifying operation mode, the cooling water flowing in the cooling water line (line5) is a heat pump for automobiles, characterized in that the LT radiator (530) is bypassed and circulated.

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