KR101800464B1 - Catalyst packing apparatus and method for packing catalyst by using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system comprising: a hopper (1) for storing a solid catalyst; a first catalyst conveyance passage for conveying a catalyst that flows down from the hopper (1) A catalyst charger (100) having a conveyor (3) and a second catalyst conveyance passage for conveying and feeding a catalyst conveyed from the belt conveyor to an upper side of a reaction tube (20), wherein the second catalyst conveyance passage And a slanting chute 10 having a catalyst outlet.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a catalyst charging apparatus and a method of charging a catalyst using the catalyst charging apparatus.

The present invention relates to a catalyst charger for charging a catalyst in each reaction tube of a fixed-bed multitubular reactor used on an industrial scale, and a method for charging a catalyst using the same.

A fixed-bed multitubular reactor used on an industrial scale has several hundred to several tens of reaction tubes. Each column-shaped reaction tube is filled with a solid filler such as a catalyst, and the gap of the filled solid filler is filled with a reaction fluid It is widely used in petrochemical processes.

Conventionally, a catalyst charger has been used to charge each of these reaction tubes with a solid catalyst.

Patent Document 1 discloses that a catalyst falling down from a hopper is loaded on a conveyer and conveyed to a plurality of reaction tubes to divide the conveyor conveying surface into partition walls for each reaction tube and to control the layer thickness adjusting plate A catalytic charger capable of supplying a catalyst to each reaction tube at a constant supply rate is disclosed.

In Patent Document 2, a plurality of hoppers into which a catalyst is injected are provided corresponding to a plurality of reaction tubes, a transporting catalyst column is formed for each hopper below the hopper, and the catalyst dropped from each hopper is loaded To the reaction tube, and supplies it to the reaction tube.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-333282 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-142297

However, in the above-described conventional catalyst charger, it is necessary to measure the amount of the catalyst charged in each reaction tube, or to stop the conveyor after charging the catalyst into each reaction tube, thereby causing a problem of lowering the working efficiency. In addition, when the conveyor is stopped, the catalyst remains on the conveyor. When the catalyst is charged into each reaction pipe newly, if the stopped conveyor is restarted, the conveying speed of the conveyor is not immediately stabilized. There has been a problem that the height of the charge of the catalyst in each reaction tube becomes uneven due to the influence of the catalyst.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst charger capable of improving working efficiency in charging a catalyst into a reaction tube such as a fixed-bed multitubular reactor and uniformizing the height of the catalyst in each reaction tube, and And a method of charging the catalyst.

The inventors of the present invention have made intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, they have completed the present invention.

That is, the method for charging the catalyst charger and the catalyst of the present invention has the following configuration.

(1) A method of manufacturing a honeycomb structural body, comprising the steps of: (1) a hopper for storing a solid-phase catalyst; a first catalyst conveyance passage for conveying a catalyst to be delivered from the hopper; a belt conveyor for conveying a catalyst conveyed from the first catalyst conveyance passage; Wherein the second catalyst transfer passage is an inclined suit having a catalyst outlet which can be opened and closed on an inclined surface.

(2) The catalytic charger according to (1), wherein the first catalyst transfer passage is capable of ascending and descending at a downstream side of the upper side than the horizontal position with the upstream side of the catalyst delivery point as a fulcrum.

(3) The catalyst charger according to (1) or (2) above, further comprising an adjustment plate for adjusting the layer thickness of the catalyst conveyed on the belt conveyor.

(4) The fuel cell according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the reaction tube is provided with a photoelectric sensor for detecting the height of the catalyst, Further comprising a control mechanism that opens the catalyst outlet by a detection signal output from the photoelectric sensor when the charge height reaches a set value.

(5) The control system according to the above (4), wherein the detection signal causes the downstream end of the first catalyst conveyance passage to rise above the horizontal position with the upstream side of the catalyst conveyance passage of the first catalyst conveyance passage as a point A catalytic charger having an additional mechanism.

(6) The catalytic charger according to (4) or (5), wherein the photoelectric sensor is a diffuse reflection type sensor having a detection distance in the range of 90 to 1000 mm with white paper as a standard detection object.

(7) A solid catalyst, which is stored in the hopper in a state in which the catalyst outlet is closed, is charged into the reaction tube from above the reaction tube using the catalyst charger according to any one of (1) to (3) And when the filling height of the catalyst in the reaction tube reaches a set value, the catalyst outlet is opened to stop the charging of the catalyst into the reaction tube.

(8) A solid catalyst, which is stored in the hopper in a state where the catalyst outlet is closed, is charged into the reaction tube from above the reaction tube using the catalyst charger according to any one of (4) to (6) And when the height of the filling height of the catalyst in the reaction tube reaches a set value, the catalyst outlet is opened by a control mechanism that opens the catalyst outlet so as to stop the charging of the catalyst into the reaction tube. Lt; / RTI >

According to the present invention, when the catalyst is filled in each reaction tube such as a fixed-bed multitubular reactor used on an industrial scale, the catalyst filling height in each reaction tube can be set constant at a predetermined height, Can be charged.

1 is a schematic perspective view showing a catalyst charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2A is a schematic side view showing the operation of the catalyst charger when supplying the catalyst, and Fig. 2B is a schematic side view showing the operation of the catalyst charger when the catalyst supply is stopped.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the installation state of the photoelectric sensor in the present invention.
4 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a protective tube for protecting the photoelectric sensor in the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a perspective view showing a catalyst charger 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a schematic side view showing the operation of the catalyst charger 100 at the time of catalyst supply, and FIG. 2B is a schematic side view showing the operation of the catalyst charger 100 at the time of stopping the catalyst supply.

The catalyst charger 100 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a plurality of mutually independent hoppers 1, a catalyst conveyance passage 4 (corresponding to a first catalyst conveyance passage respectively), a belt conveyor 3, A partition wall 9, an inclined chute 10 (corresponding to a second catalyst conveyance passage, respectively), and a reaction pipe introduction hopper 8. As shown in Fig.

(Hopper 1)

The hopper 1 stores a solid catalyst to be charged in the reaction tube 20. Each of the hoppers 1 in this embodiment is formed independently for each reaction tube 20. The number of the hoppers 1 of the single catalyst charger is not particularly limited, but it is usually 1 to 50, preferably 3 to 30.

The hopper 1 is constituted by a rear wall 11 and a side wall 12 and a front wall 13 and the side wall 12 and the front wall 13 are substantially perpendicular to each other and a rear wall 11 and a front wall 13 Is inclined such that the interval between the rear wall 11 and the front wall 13 gradually decreases downward. The inclination angle of the rear wall 11 is preferably (urgent) larger than the rest angle of the catalyst. Since the rear wall 11 and the side wall 12 are formed by bending a piece of metal plate and the side wall 12 and the front wall 13 are integrally joined by welding, There is no joint such as welding at the boundary between the side wall 12 and the side wall 12, and further, the inner surface of the boundary is curved. For this reason, the catalyst smoothly flows down from the hopper 1 due to the weight of the catalyst itself. When the catalyst is supplied to the hopper 1, the catalysts may rub against each other and dust may be generated due to differentiation or destruction of the catalyst. When this dust is supplied to the reaction tube, it becomes a factor of the pressure loss variation in each reaction tube Therefore, the rear wall 11 may be a mesh structure in which a catalyst does not pass and a hole through which dust of the catalyst passes is opened. In the case where the rear power 11 is a mesh structure, a collection box (not shown) for collecting dust falling through the mesh may be attached, or a suction device (not shown) for absorbing dust passing through the mesh May be attached.

Further, the shape of the hopper is not limited to the above-described shape, and for example, a hopper such as a cone shape or an angular shape may be used.

An opening / closing shutter 2 is provided under the front wall 13 of the hopper 1. The opening and closing mechanism of the opening and closing shutter 2 is not particularly limited and includes, for example, an opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the door by compressed air, and an opening and closing mechanism for sliding the door 2 up and down.

Further, the hopper 1 may be provided with a vibration mechanism for vibrating the catalyst in the hopper.

(Catalyst return passage 4)

The upstream end of the catalyst conveying passage 4 is located below the hopper 1. The downstream end of the downstream end of the catalyst conveying passage 4 is connected to a belt conveyor 3). The catalyst transfer passage 4 is rotatably supported by the support member 15 on the side of the hopper 1 with the lower portion of the support member 15 as a fulcrum. And the downstream end is capable of being raised and lowered between the upper side and the lower side with respect to the horizontal position by the rotation operation.

The lifting and lowering of the downstream end of the catalyst return passage 4 is performed by the lifting device 40. [ 1 and 2, the elevating device 40 has a structure in which the rear end of the hydraulic cylinder 42 is attached to the front wall 13 of the hopper 1 by the connecting member 41, Is attached to the vicinity of the downstream end of the catalyst return passage (4) by the connecting member (44).

2A, when the downstream end of the catalyst conveyance passage 4 is lowered by the elevation device 40 than the horizontal position, the catalyst that flows down from the hopper 1 flows through the catalyst conveyance passage 4 And conveyed to the belt conveyor 3.

2B, when the downstream end of the catalyst conveyance passage 4 is raised above the horizontal position, the conveyance of the catalyst falling from the hopper 1 to the belt conveyor 3 can be stopped.

In addition to the groove-like shape, the catalyst-carrying passage 4 may have a cylindrical shape, for example. The elevating device 40 is not limited to the hydraulic type elevating device as described above, and may be any other elevating device capable of ascending and descending the downstream side of the catalyst conveying passage 4, such as an electric elevating device using a wire hoisting machine It can also be used.

(Belt conveyor 3)

Since the belt conveyor 3 can transport the catalyst conveyed from the catalyst conveyance passage 4 at a constant speed, it is possible to reduce the friction between the catalysts and to prevent the generation of dust due to the differentiation or destruction of the catalyst So that the so-called bridges, in which the catalysts are connected to each other, are eliminated, and the state of charging the catalyst in each reaction tube 20 can be made uniform.

The conveying speed of the belt conveyor 3 can be suitably adjusted so that the filling rate of the catalyst is usually 5 to 60 g / sec, preferably 5 to 40 g / sec.

A partition wall 9 is provided in the conveying width direction corresponding to each hopper 1 in the conveying space above the catalyst conveying surface of the belt conveyor 3 and a pair of The interval between the partition walls 9 is set to be substantially equal to the inner diameter of the reaction tube 20. By providing such a partition wall 9, generation of bridges can be suppressed even when a plurality of catalysts are injected at a time.

It is also possible to use an independent belt conveyor driven by an independent motor for each lane partitioned by the partition wall 9.

(Not shown) for removing the dust from the surface of the belt conveyor 3 and a suction device (not shown) for removing dust from the surface of the belt conveyor 3, Or the like) may be attached.

(Adjustment Panel (5))

In the conveying space above the catalyst conveying surface of the belt conveyor 3, an adjusting plate 5 corresponding to each hopper 1 is provided.

The height of the conveyance catalyst column adjusted to the conveyance width corresponding to each reaction tube 20 by the action of the above-described partition wall 9 is controlled by the height of the reaction tube 20 The height of the transporting catalyst column can be adjusted to an appropriate height in the regulating plate 5 so that even if the amount of the flow of the hopper 1 is increased, And the feeding speed of the catalyst charged in the reaction tube 20 can be adjusted by setting the conveying speed of the belt conveyor 3 at an appropriate speed.

The adjustment of the height of the adjustment plate 5 can be performed by any means. For example, a vertically elongated hole is provided in the adjustment plate 5, and a bolt through which the long hole is inserted is screwed (not shown) The adjustment plate 5 can be supported in a height-adjustable manner.

(Inclined chute 10)

The inclined chute 10 is provided for each of the transporting catalyst columns so as to guide the catalyst from the conveying end of the belt conveyor 3 to each reaction tube 20. On the inclined surface of the inclined chute 10, And an outlet 6 is formed. It is preferable that the inclination angle of the inclined chute 10 is larger (urgent) than the rest angle of the catalyst.

Since the slant chute 10 is partitioned for each of the transporting catalyst columns in the partition wall or the like, the catalyst can be charged into the reaction tube 20 while maintaining the transporting catalyst column formed during transportation in the belt conveyor 3. 1 and 2A, the catalyst outlet 6 on the inclined surface of the inclined chute 10 is closed by a lid 61 at the time of carrying the catalyst, and the catalyst is returned to the reaction tube 20. On the other hand, when the lid 61 is opened, as shown in Fig. 2B, the catalyst falls down to the catalyst support 7, and the catalyst supply to the reaction tube 20 can be completely stopped without stopping the belt conveyor 3 And the fluctuation of the catalyst charge height in each reaction tube 20 can be further reduced. At the same time, when the downstream end of the catalyst conveyance passage 4 is elevated above the horizontal position by the elevating device 40, the conveyance of the catalyst falling from the hopper 1 to the belt conveyor 3 can be stopped, The catalyst remaining on the conveyor 3 or the inclined chute 10 can be discharged. As a result, the decrease in the amount of the catalyst stored in the hopper 1 can be suppressed, the frequency of the supply of the catalyst to the hopper 1 can be reduced, and the catalyst can be prevented from falling continuously on the catalyst receiving member 7, The frequency of catalyst recovery from the catalyst receiver 7 is also reduced. In addition, when the catalyst is charged into the new reaction tube after the catalyst is charged into the reaction tube, if conditions such as the catalyst feed rate are changed, the catalyst remaining on the belt conveyor 3 and the inclined shoot 10 The conditions can be changed without being influenced by the influence of the catalyst. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly fill the catalyst in the new reaction tube.

The catalyst dropped on the catalyst support 7 can be reused as a catalyst to be supplied to the hopper 1 and filled in the reaction tube 20.

In addition, the inclined chute 10 is not limited to the shape in which the inclined surface is partitioned by the transporting catalyst row with partition walls or the like, and may have a groove-like shape or a cylindrical shape for each transporting catalyst row.

As shown in Figs. 2A and 2B, the lid 61 is attached to an inclined surface of the inclined chute 10 so that the upstream end of the lid 61 can be rotated as a point, and on the downstream side of the catalyst conveyance, The tip end of the piston rod 50 of the hydraulic cylinder 51 provided below the inclined chute 10 is fixed to the downstream end of the lid 61. [ Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinder 51 is operated to pull the piston rod 50, the lid 61 rotates downward to open (i.e., the lid 61 is in a state shown in Fig. 2A, . When the lid 61 is closed, the piston rod 50 is extruded from the hydraulic cylinder 51 as opposed to the above. When the lid 61 is in the closed state, it is preferable that the step between the downstream end of the catalyst conveyance of the lid 61 and the boundary portion between the inclined shoot 10 and the slope chute 10 is eliminated so that the catalyst is not caught.

Although the shape of the catalyst outlet 6 is not particularly limited, it is preferable to have an area occupying most of the inclined surface of the inclined shoot 10 from the viewpoint of reliably dropping the catalyst to the catalyst support 7 when the catalyst outlet 6 is opened .

Further, by making the lid 61 mesh-structured, it is possible to drop the dust or the like of the catalyst onto the catalyst support 7, thereby suppressing the variation in the pressure loss of the catalyst layer in each reaction tube 20. The mesh size of the mesh structure can be appropriately determined according to the shape and size of the catalyst to be used, for example, it can be said that the catalyst does not pass and the dust of the catalyst passes through. The dust or the like that has passed through the mesh may be received by the catalyst carrier 7, or may be attracted by attaching a suction device. The inclined surface of the inclined chute 10 may have a mesh structure at portions other than the lid 61. In this case, the lid 61 may or may not have a mesh structure.

(Reaction tube introduction hopper 8)

A reaction tube introduction hopper 8 is connected to the lower end of the inclined shoot 10 and inserted into the reaction tube 20. [ This makes it possible to surely supply the catalyst conveyed from the inclined shoot 10 to the reaction tube 20. [ The reaction tube introduction hopper 8 may be provided with a vibration mechanism for vibrating the catalyst supplied to the reaction tube 20. [

(Catalyst charging procedure)

Hereinafter, an operation procedure of the catalyst charger will be described.

(i) The downstream end of the catalyst return passage 4 is raised above the horizontal position, and the catalyst outlet 6 is closed to feed the catalyst to the hopper 1.

(ii) After the belt conveyor 3 is driven and the conveying speed is stabilized, the downstream end of the catalyst conveying passage 4 is lowered from the horizontal position, and the charging of the catalyst into the reaction tube 20 is started.

(iii) When a predetermined catalyst charging height is obtained in the reaction tube 20, the catalyst discharging port 6 is opened in a state in which the belt conveyor 3 is driven. As a result, the supply of the catalyst to the reaction tube 20 is stopped. The downstream end of the catalyst conveyance passage 4 is suitably raised above the horizontal position to stop the flow of the catalyst from the hopper 1. [

(iv) When the catalyst outlet port 6 is closed and the downstream end of the catalyst return passage 4 is raised above the horizontal position, the catalyst outlet port is lower than the horizontal position, the catalyst is appropriately filled in the hopper 1, 20). ≪ / RTI >

The catalyst is drained from the hopper 1 and loaded on the belt conveyor 3 by the above-described operation procedure. As the belt conveyor 3 is driven, Is set to the conveyance width corresponding to the pipe 20 and is adjusted to a predetermined height by the adjustment plate 5 and is supplied to the reaction tube 20 in this state. Then, the supply of the catalyst to the reaction tube 20 is stopped without measuring the amount of the charged catalyst and without stopping the belt conveyor 3 based on the height of the catalyst charge supplied into the reaction tube 20 . When the catalyst is supplied, the position of the catalyst charger 100 is changed by the operation of a position changing mechanism (not shown), and the catalyst is supplied to a plurality of additional reaction tubes 20, and this operation is repeated.

(Photoelectric sensor 60 and control mechanism)

The catalytic charger 100 may be provided with a photoelectric sensor 60 for detecting the height of the catalyst filling in the reaction tube 20. [ The photoelectric sensor 60 is electrically connected to a control mechanism (not shown) and controls at least the opening and closing of the catalyst outlet 6 of the inclined shoot 10 by a detection signal output from the photoelectric sensor 60 It is preferable to control the elevation of the downstream end of the catalyst return passage 4 and the opening and closing of the catalyst outlet 6 of the inclined shoot 10. That is, in the operation procedure (iii) of the above-described catalytic charger, by providing the photoelectric sensor 60, when the charge height of the catalyst in the reaction tube 20 reaches the set value, The downstream end of the catalyst conveyance passage 4 is moved upward from the horizontal position by the control mechanism that opens the catalyst outlet 6 by the control mechanism and suitably raises the downstream end of the catalyst conveyance passage 4 above the horizontal position You can raise.

By using such a control mechanism, the catalyst can be automatically charged without metering the amount of the charged catalyst and artificially adjusting the height of the catalyst charge. Therefore, the labor force of the operator can be reduced, Not only the supply work time can be shortened, but also the catalyst charge height of the plurality of reaction tubes 20 can be uniformly controlled with high precision.

As shown in FIG. 3, the photoelectric sensor 60 is preferably inserted into or installed from the inside of the reaction tube 20 through the reaction tube introduction hopper 8 from above. When the catalyst injected from the reaction pipe introduction hopper 8 into the reaction tube 20 reaches the preset filling height H of the catalyst, the above-described control mechanism stops the charging of the catalyst.

The photoelectric sensor 60 is a so-called diffuse reflection type photoelectric sensor that uses light such as visible light and infrared light as a light source and emits it as a signal light from a detection unit (light projecting unit) and detects light reflected from the detection object by a light receiving unit desirable.

By using such a photoelectric sensor 60, detection can be performed without contacting the catalyst, so that neither the catalyst nor the photoelectric sensor 60 itself is scratched. Further, since it is detected by surface reflection on the catalyst, it is possible to accurately detect the charged height of the catalyst.

In the photoelectric sensor 60, the amount of light (amount of received light) that the detection light projected from the photoelectric sensor 60 is reflected by the surface of the detection object (catalyst) and returned to the light receiving portion of the photoelectric sensor 60 is numerically expressed. This value can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the amount of received light, and the distance between the photoelectric sensor 60 and the detected object can be detected. That is, since the amount of received light is small when the distance between the photoelectric sensor 60 and the detected object is long, the amount of light returned to the light receiving portion increases as the distance between the photoelectric sensor 60 and the detected object becomes small. . The distance between the photoelectric sensor 60 and the detected object can be detected from the numerical value of the received light amount by previously measuring the relationship between the photoelectric sensor 60 and the actual distance between the detected value and the numerical value of the received light amount.

By setting the threshold value with the numerical value of the amount of light received by the photoelectric sensor 60, it is possible to adjust the charge height of the catalyst when the catalyst is charged. That is, the insertion position L1 of the photoelectric sensor 60 is determined before the start of charging of the catalyst, and the distance between the catalyst and the photoelectric sensor 60 at the target height H of the catalyst The threshold value is set by the numerical value of the received light amount. Thereafter, when the charging of the catalyst is started, the charge height H of the catalyst is detected based on the numerical value of the amount of light received by the photoelectric sensor 60, and when the charge height H of the catalyst reaches the set value, The charge height of the catalyst can be adjusted. The threshold value can be arbitrarily set according to the height of the catalyst charge.

In the photoelectric sensor 60, if a predetermined threshold value is exceeded according to the charge height of the catalyst, the symbol can be output from the photoelectric sensor 60. [ By this signal, for example, by flashing a light or by issuing a warning sound, it is possible to notify the operator of the completion of the charging of the catalyst and manually stop the charging of the catalyst, and the signal from the photoelectric sensor 60 to the control mechanism The catalyst outlet 6 of the inclined shoot 10 is opened so that the downstream end of the catalyst conveying passage 4 for transporting the catalyst is preferably raised upward from the horizontal position, The discharge port 6 is opened to stop charging.

The detection distance between the photoelectric sensor 60 and the detected object is a distance when the detecting portion of the photoelectric sensor 60 is brought close to the detected object and when it is detected, that is, when the received light amount starts to increase.

The detection distance by the photoelectric sensor 60 when using a standard detector as the detection object is preferably 90 to 1000 mm, more preferably 100 to 500 mm, and still more preferably 100 to 300 mm. For example, a white paper can be used as a standard detector.

As the diffuse reflection type photoelectric sensor 60, for example, an optical fiber type photoelectric sensor (E32 series) manufactured by Omron Corporation or a photoelectric sensor manufactured by Keyence Corporation Photoelectric sensors (PS / PZ series), etc. can be appropriately selected and used. Further, the photoelectric sensor may be either an embedded type of the umbrella or a separated type of the umbrella.

(The protective pipe 63 of the photoelectric sensor 60)

As shown in Fig. 4, the photoelectric sensor 60 may be inserted into the protective pipe 63 as needed. By using such a structure, it is possible to protect the photoelectric sensor 60 from the partial pressure occurring when the catalyst is charged, to maintain the detection accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 60, and to use the photoelectric sensor 60 that requires no maintenance over a long period of time Lt; / RTI > For example, by sending dry air, inert gas, or a mixed gas thereof from the branch pipe 62 branched from the side of the protective pipe 63 toward the lower side of the protective pipe 63, that is, toward the photoelectric sensor 60, The detection accuracy of the sensor 60 can be further enhanced.

Examples of the inert gas include nitrogen, helium, and argon.

The shape of the protective pipe 63 is not particularly limited and may be, for example, a cylindrical shape in which the pipe 62 is not provided.

The material of the protective pipe 63 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a stainless steel pipe, a plastic pipe, an aluminum pipe, and a rubber pipe. The inside diameter of the protective tube 63 is not particularly limited. The inside diameter of the protective tube 63 is preferably such that when the photoelectric sensor 60 is inserted into the protective tube 63, the dry air, the inert gas, And the outer diameter thereof is preferably small relative to the inner diameter of the reaction tube so as not to hinder the filling of the catalyst.

The method of installing the protection tube 63 is not particularly limited. For example, it is preferable to insert or install the protection tube 63 in the reaction tube 20 while the photoelectric sensor 60 is contained in the protection tube 63.

Although it is not particularly limited, it is preferable to insert the photoelectric sensor 60 from above the reaction tube 20 without contacting the reaction tube 20, in order to maintain the accuracy of the detection light and the light receiving portion.

(catalyst)

The catalyst to be charged in the reaction tube 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is a catalyst for a reaction carried out using a fixed-bed multitubular reactor. Examples thereof include a catalyst for producing unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid, a catalyst for producing unsaturated carboxylic acid, a catalyst for producing unsaturated nitrile, a hydrotreating catalyst, and a catalyst for producing chlorine. Among them, unsaturated aldehyde and a catalyst for producing an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a catalyst for preparing an unsaturated carboxylic acid are preferable.

Examples of the catalyst for preparing unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid include a catalyst for producing acrolein and acrylic acid by gas phase catalytic oxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen, and a catalyst for producing isobutylene or tert-butyl alcohol by molecular oxygen A catalyst for producing methacrolein and methacrylic acid by gas-phase catalytic oxidation, and the like.

Examples of the catalyst for producing an unsaturated carboxylic acid include a catalyst for producing acrylic acid by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of propane with molecular oxygen, a catalyst for producing acrylic acid by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein with molecular oxygen, And a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen.

Examples of the catalyst for producing unsaturated nitrile include a catalyst for producing acrylonitrile by gas phase catalytic ammoxidation of propylene or propane with molecular oxygen and ammonia, a catalyst for producing isobutylene or tert-butyl alcohol with molecular oxygen and ammonia And a catalyst for producing methacrylonitrile by gas phase catalytic ammoxidation.

Examples of the hydrotreating catalyst include a catalyst for reacting sulfur compounds and / or nitrogen compounds contained in petroleum distillates with hydrogen to remove sulfur compounds and / or nitrogen compounds in the product and / or to reduce the concentration of sulfur compounds and / And the like.

Examples of the catalyst for producing chlorine include, for example, a catalyst for producing chlorine from hydrogen chloride and oxygen.

The shape of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include powders, granules, cylinders, spheres, rings, and granules obtained by pulverization and classification after molding.

The size of the catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is included in the reaction tube, but the diameter is preferably 10 mm or less, and if the catalyst diameter exceeds 10 mm, the activity may be deteriorated. In addition, if the catalyst diameter becomes excessively small, the pressure loss in the reaction tube becomes large. Therefore, the catalyst diameter is usually 0.1 mm or more. The bulk density of the catalyst is usually 0.8 to 1.5 g / ml, preferably 0.8 to 1.3 g / ml.

The catalyst may also be used with an inert filler that is inert to the catalytic reaction described above. Further, the catalyst may be divided into a plurality of individual catalyst layers to be charged into the reaction tube. In this case, an inert filler layer may be interposed between the catalyst layers.

(Reaction tube 20)

Each reaction tube 20 is a general fixed-bed tube type used industrially, and usually has from several tens to several tens of reaction tubes.

The outer diameter of each reaction tube 20 is usually about 10 to 60 mm, the thickness of the reaction tube is usually about 1 to 5 mm, and the length of the reaction tube is usually about 0.3 to 10 m.

Each reaction tube 20 is usually a metal layer having substantially the same shape. Here, "substantially the same shape" means that the outer diameter, thickness, and length of the reaction tube are within the design error range. In addition, the design error is usually within ± 2.5%, preferably within ± 0.5%. It is preferable to determine the inner diameter and the catalyst diameter of each reaction tube so that the inner diameter of the reaction tube is four times or more the diameter of the catalyst, but there is no particular limitation.

The inner surface of the reaction tube needs to be smooth, specifically, the surface roughness needs to be small. As a result, the catalyst filling density in each reaction tube can be increased. Such a reaction tube is, for example, a seamless tube without a joint.

Each reaction tube 20 to be used may be in the form of a coil, but usually a linear straight tube is used. The above-mentioned straight pipe is vertically provided in the vertical direction and passes the raw material compound in the vertical direction.

[Example]

(Reference example)

≪ Preparation of catalyst >

As a catalyst, an acidic salt of a Keggin type heteropoly acid including phosphorus, molybdenum and vanadium (5 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height in the shape of a cylinder) was prepared on the basis of the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-188231 ) Were prepared 20 times in total. When the bulk density of the catalyst was measured for each production lot, the average value of the bulk density was 1.15 g / ml, the maximum value was 1.20 g / ml, and the minimum value was 1.09 g / ml.

The bulk density was measured by the following method. That is, about 190 ml of the catalyst was weighed, and the weight at this time was defined as W (g). Subsequently, the weighed catalyst was charged into a glass metering cylinder having an inner diameter of 31 mm and a volume of 200 ml, and then the metering cylinder was tapped on the rubber mat having a thickness of 2.5 mm from the height of 20 mm for 40 times, Ml, and this was regarded as V (ml). The bulk density (g / ml) was derived by dividing weight W (g) by volume V (ml).

(Example 1)

A catalyst charger having the same configuration as that of the catalytic charger 100 was used except that the catalytic charger was provided with three lanes having three hoppers 1 and the photoelectric sensor 60 was provided. The reaction tube 20 was charged. In addition, the supply of the catalyst obtained in the reference example to the hopper 1 was carried out so that different lots of catalysts within 20 lots were stored for each hopper 1.

The charging conditions are as follows.

Reaction tube length: 2.5 m

Reaction tube inner diameter: 29.6 mmΦ

Photoelectric sensor 60: Diffuse reflection type "E32-D32L" (Reflective type: Special beam type, detection distance in standard mode when white paper is used as standard detector: 150 mm)

Amplifier unit of the photoelectric sensor 60: "E3X-DA21-S" (manufactured by OMRON Co., Ltd.)

Measurement mode of photoelectric sensor 60: standard mode

Threshold: 1500

Delay timer: 200 ms

Insertion length L1 of photoelectric sensor 60: 350 mm

The photoelectric sensor 60 used in the embodiment has three modes of a high speed mode, a standard mode and a high precision mode, and measurement can be performed in any one mode. At this time, the delay time from the interruption of the optical input to the operation or return of the control output is called the response time. The response time is different in each mode, 250 μs in the fast mode, 1 ms in the standard mode, and 4 ms in the high-precision mode. In addition, the photoelectric sensor 60 used in the embodiment can set the delay timer so that the sensor can not be operated if the light receiving amount exceeds the threshold value for a predetermined time or longer.

The photoelectric sensor 60 is inserted into a protective tube 63 (outer diameter 8 mm, inner diameter 6 mm) of stainless steel (SUS304), and the gap between the photoelectric sensor and the inner wall of the protective tube is connected to the tip of the photoelectric sensor Dry air was blown toward the detection part at a flow rate of 50 ml / min.

Subsequently, the catalyst obtained in the reference example is supplied to the hopper 1 with the downstream end of the catalyst return passage 4 raised above the horizontal position, so that the catalyst feed rate per lane is 23 to 30 g / s After the belt conveyor 3 whose conveying speed has been adjusted is driven, the height of the adjusting plate 5 is adjusted, the downstream end of the catalyst conveying passage 4 is lowered to a horizontal position, the catalyst is lowered to the belt conveyor 3 The slope chute 10 and the reaction tube introduction hopper 8 drop the catalyst from the upper side of the reaction tube 20 to initiate the catalyst charging, (Refer to FIG. 3), the distance between the photoelectric sensor and the charged catalyst (that is, L2-L1), and the distance from the catalyst The time from the start of charging to the stop of the catalyst supply Liver) were measured, respectively. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Also, the charged amount was quantified by extracting the entire amount of the catalyst from the reaction tube after completion of the catalyst charging.

Claims (8)

A hopper for storing a solid catalyst,
A first catalyst conveyance passage for conveying the catalyst falling from the hopper,
A belt conveyor for conveying the catalyst conveyed from the first catalyst conveyance passage,
And a second catalyst conveying passage for conveying and feeding the catalyst conveyed from the belt conveyor to the upper side of the reaction tube,
Wherein the second catalyst conveyance passage is an inclined chute having a catalyst outlet which can be opened and closed on an inclined surface. The catalytic charger according to claim 1, wherein the first catalyst conveying passage is capable of ascending and descending at a downstream end thereof from an upper side and a lower side than a horizontal position, with the upstream side of the catalyst conveying point as a fulcrum. The catalytic charger of claim 1, further comprising an adjustment plate for adjusting a layer thickness of the catalyst conveyed on the belt conveyor. 4. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a photoelectric sensor for detecting the height of the catalyst is installed in the reaction tube,
Further comprising a control mechanism that opens the catalyst outlet by a detection signal output from the photoelectric sensor when the height of the catalyst filled in the reaction tube reaches the set value from the upper side of the reaction tube. 5. The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a control mechanism for raising the downstream end of the first catalyst conveyance passage upward from the horizontal position, with the upstream side of the catalyst conveyance passage of the first catalyst conveyance passage as a point Catalytic charger. 5. The catalytic charger according to claim 4, wherein the photoelectric sensor is a diffuse reflection type sensor having a detection distance in the range of 90 to 1000 mm with white paper as a standard detector. A catalytic charger according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A catalyst in a solid state, which is stored in the hopper in a state where the catalyst outlet is closed, is charged into the reaction tube from above the reaction tube,
Wherein when the height of the charge of the catalyst in the reaction tube reaches a set value, the catalyst outlet is opened to stop the charging of the catalyst into the reaction tube. Using the catalyst charger according to claim 4,
A catalyst in a solid state, which is stored in the hopper in a state where the catalyst outlet is closed, is charged into the reaction tube from above the reaction tube,
Characterized in that when the height of the charge of the catalyst in the reaction tube reaches a set value, the catalyst outlet is opened by a control mechanism opening the catalyst outlet to stop the charging of the catalyst into the reaction tube. Way.

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