JP3001791B2 - Particle filling monitoring method and device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for monitoring the filling of particles in a container, and to a method and an apparatus for monitoring the filling of particles in a container for synthesizing and decomposing various materials. Things. In particular, the reaction of the irregularity of the deposition surface of the sprayed catalyst measured Ri by the trigonometric <br/> of using a laser beam to be monitored in real time into the container, also deposition surface for oil refining Distribution so that the distribution of
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for monitoring a catalyst filling for correcting a cloth state .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is often necessary to monitor the state of filling of particles in a container. For example, a catalyst is used for synthesizing and decomposing various materials. In the petroleum industry, use catalysts such as a method of using heavy gas oil as a raw material to make gasoline with a high octane number using a catalyst, and a method of simultaneously performing desulfurization and cracking using a catalyst in the presence of a large amount of hydrogen. Often. As the catalyst, in the catalytic cracking method, for example, solid acidic silica, alumina particles, zeolite particles and the like are used. Generally, these catalysts are particles having a width of 0.5 to 3 mm and a length of 3 to 10 mm. In these cases,
The reaction vessel is filled with catalyst particles.However, the state of filling the catalyst particles affects the efficiency of operation, so a filling device is installed in the upper center of the reaction vessel to achieve uniform filling. Is spray-filled so as to fall the cone.

[0003] However, even when spray filling is performed, the catalyst particle deposition surface is wavy in an uneven shape, and a flat deposition surface cannot be obtained. If the unevenness exceeds a prescribed level, the operating efficiency is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the unevenness by controlling the spraying parameters provided in the filling device. Conventionally,
It was not easy to measure the unevenness of the deposited surface of the scattered particles because the depth of the reaction vessel was deep, and an appropriate measurement point was selected with a tape measure from the installation surface of the filling device and measured by actual measurement. The measurement was performed, for example, once every 30 minutes and with 12 measurement points. For this reason, the measurement took a long time and was rough, and the measurement accuracy was poor, and the distribution was ± 50 mm, and the distribution of the deposition surface was 400 mm at the maximum. The filling operation had to be stopped for each measurement, and the filling operation efficiency was poor.

[0004]

Therefore, in order to make the deposition surface of the particles sprayed in the container uniform, the unevenness of the deposition surface is monitored more accurately in real time prior to that.
There is a need for the development of measurement techniques. For example, when the catalyst is filled, a measurement accuracy of ± 20 mm in the uneven state of the deposition surface is required.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have developed a method for filling particles.
In order to solve the problem in a difficult environment during loading, the reflected light from the operating point is detected at regular intervals while scanning the particle deposition surface in the container with laser light, and the deposition height is determined by triangulation. As a result of studying the feasibility of the measurement method and the feasibility of the method, the laser beam diameter was set to 3c
m or less and scan while moving the scanning point back and forth
As a result, the roughness of the deposition surface was successfully measured in real time. Thus, the present invention provides particles filled into the container
While Do moving the deposition surface in longitudinal and lateral scanning point with a laser beam
Was reluctant scanning, it detects the reflected light and the position of the particular scan point at the time of measurement, measuring the pile height by trigonometry from the laser light emitting position, and laser light detecting position, the deposition height of particular measured
Is displayed in real time, mounted above the level than the particle fill level in a container to fill the particle packing monitoring method and particles characterized by its time and 3cm below the diameter of the laser beam in the above cross-sectional area of the particles A laser beam having a laser beam diameter not less than the cross-sectional area of the particles and not more than 3 cm for scanning the particle deposition surface with the laser light while moving the scanning point back and forth from side to side and from the scanning device and from the scanning point. An imaging device that detects laser reflected light, and a calculation device that calculates the depth of a scanning point by trigonometry from the position of the specific scanning point at the time of measurement, the position of the laser beam generation and scanning device, and the position of the imaging device And a display device for displaying data including a deposition surface depth distribution, in particular, a real-time display device . The present invention also provides a particle filling monitoring method and a particle filling monitoring device in which the particles are catalysts. Further, the present invention provides a method for installing oil in a container.
Scan the deposition surface with laser light to the left while filling the catalyst.
Scan while moving back and forth to the right to detect reflected light and measure
The position of the specific scanning point, the laser beam emission position and the
Measure the deposition height by triangulation from the light detection position
The deposited height is displayed in real time,
The beam diameter should be greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the particles and less than or equal to 3 cm.
From the filling device so that the distribution of the deposition surface is constant.
Catalyst filling for petroleum equipment characterized by modifying the cloth condition
Monitoring method. And particles in a container for filling petroleum equipment catalysts
Mounted at a level above the filling height.
They were scanned while moving the child deposition surface scanning points around the left right
Laser beam with a cross-sectional area of not less than 3 cm
For generating and scanning a laser beam having a beam diameter and a scanning point
An imaging device that detects laser reflected light from the
Fixed position of the scanning point, laser beam generation and scanning device
Scanning point by trigonometry from the position of
Calculation device for calculating the depth of sedimentation, and data
Display device that displays data in real time, and distribution of deposition surface
To adjust the spraying condition so that the
By adjusting the lit opening and the rotating speed of the rotating disk
A catalyst filling monitoring device for petroleum equipment equipped with a
Also provide.

[0006]

When the particles are filled in the container, the particle deposition surface is scanned with a laser beam, the reflected light is detected, and the deposition depth of each scanning point is measured at a predetermined number of measurement points at a predetermined measurement interval by a triangular method. Deposition surface information including the height distribution of the deposition surface, an arbitrary cross-sectional trend passing through the center, and the like is displayed in real time.

[0007]

[Embodiment] A case where catalyst particles are filled in a reaction vessel will be described below as an embodiment. FIG. 1A shows a state in which catalyst particles C are scattered and filled in a conical shape from a filling device 3 installed in the center of an upper portion in a reaction vessel 1, and the formed undulating and undulating catalyst particles are deposited. The state of the surface S is illustrated, and a laser generation and scanning device 5 and an imaging device 9 as a particle filling monitoring device mounted on the reaction vessel wall at substantially the same level as the filling device are shown. The laser generation and scanning device 5 generates a scanning laser beam 6. The imaging device 9 detects the laser reflected light within a predetermined visual field. Further, a computer 1 as a calculating device for calculating the depth of the deposition surface at the scanning point by trigonometry from the position of a specific scanning point at the time of measurement, the position of the laser beam generation and scanning device, and the position of the imaging device.
1 and a CRT 13 as a device for displaying data including a deposition surface depth distribution are installed in a monitoring room at an appropriate position outside the reaction vessel, and are connected to a laser generation / scanning device and an imaging device by a signal line 15. I have. FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the deposition surface S viewed from below the level of the filling device 3, the laser generation and scanning device 5, and the imaging device 9, and shows how the scanning laser beam 6 scans the deposition surface S. Show. Monitoring of the deposition surface is performed by detecting reflected light at scanning points at regular intervals while scanning the deposition surface from one end to the other with the scanning laser beam 6 from side to side.

FIG. 2 shows how the laser generating and scanning device 5 and the image pickup device 7 are attached to the container wall. The laser generation and scanning device 5 is composed of an appropriate laser source 7 such as a He-Ne laser or a semiconductor laser, and a laser scanner 8 that scans the laser light back and forth and right and left so as to scan the deposition surface. The emission direction of the laser beam can be changed by sequentially changing the inclination of optical means such as a prism. The laser source 7 and the laser scanner 8 are arranged inside the dustproof cover 17 connected to the air line 16 and directly below the dustproof cover 17 as dustproof measures because dust of the catalyst is generated during the filling of the catalyst particles. It is always blown out through the cover 17. The dust cover 17 is attached to the wall of the reaction vessel by an appropriate fixture 18. The imaging device 9 is typically a CCD
The camera 10 is disposed inside a dust-proof cover 19 also connected to the air line 16, and attached to the reaction vessel wall by a fixing bracket 20. These are supported on a tray that supports a filling device (not shown) at the center.

The field of view of the camera depends on the inner diameter of the reaction vessel, the focal length of the camera, and the distance to the deposition surface. For example, in the case of an imaging lens with a focal length f = 12 mm, the vertical direction of the collected image (4
The visual field of (00 pixels) is 3 m at a deposition surface distance of -10 m.
And the deposition surface distance: 1.5 m at -5 m,
There may be situations where the entire view inside the reaction vessel cannot be monitored over the entire time range. In such a case, multiple cameras and possibly multiple laser generating and scanning devices may be used. For example, when a 9 mm focal length imaging lens is used, a 4 camera × 2 laser system, a 3 camera × 1 laser system, or the like can be considered. FIG. 3 shows a 4 camera × 2 laser system. The -5 m field and the -10 m field are indicated by dotted lines. 4 cameras x 2 laser method is 3 cameras x 1
The camera-to-laser distance can be wider than in the laser method, and a wide range and high-precision measurement can be performed.

In measuring a deposition surface by scanning with a laser beam, it is necessary that the laser beam surely reaches the deposition surface at the bottom of the container. That is, it is necessary to prevent the laser beam from being interrupted by the catalyst particles falling in the container space. The size of the catalyst particles is, for example, 1.27 mm
Diameter x 3 mm length, 2.12 mm diameter x 5 mm length, filling amount is, for example, 600 mm / hour, and distance from the filling container to the lowermost layer of the deposition surface is, for example, 10 m. As a result of a trial calculation of the particle existence probability, it was found that the laser beam was interrupted by the catalyst particles about once every several seconds with a laser beam having a small diameter. It was confirmed that by setting the laser beam diameter to be equal to or more than the cross-sectional area of the catalyst particles, and preferably 10 times or more, it is possible to measure the deposition surface by scanning with the laser beam. The upper limit of the laser beam should be determined from the required measurement accuracy (several cm or less) and the brightness of the spot of the laser scanning point. For the purpose of the present invention, the upper limit is usually 2 to 3 cm in a normal reaction vessel. For example, to achieve an accuracy of 5 cm, the upper limit of the diameter of the laser beam is 3 cm. Here, the cross-sectional area of the catalyst particles is the maximum projected area of the particles (the maximum value of the area of the shadow formed when the particles are irradiated with parallel light).

The control of the laser scanner, the image processing from the imaging device, and the triangulation calculation are performed by a dedicated computer. The processed data is stored in a storage machine such as a magnetic disk or a magneto-optical disk and is displayed on a CRT screen in real time. Various filling information can be displayed on the CRT screen. FIG. 4 is a basic screen configuration diagram of a deposition surface monitor as an example. The distribution state of the deposition surface, the display of the deposition surface of the selected specific cross section, and the like are displayed in real time.

According to the obtained information on the distribution of the deposited surface,
The state of distribution from the filling device is corrected so that the distribution of the deposition surface is constant. FIG. 5 shows an example of the filling device 3, and (a)
Shows a side view thereof, and (b) shows a bottom slit. The side surface of the device is provided with four side slits 21 and the bottom surface 22 is provided with a lower slit 23 shown in FIG. A rotating disk 24 is attached to the bottom surface. A pneumatic opening and closing door is provided in the side slit. The spraying state can be controlled by adjusting the degree of opening of the side and lower slits and the number of rotations of the rotating disk based on the obtained accumulated surface information.

(Example) A filling device is fixed to a steel cylindrical container having a diameter of about 3 m and a height of about 18 m at a distance of about 5 m from the upper end of the container.
Cylindrical ceramic catalyst particles having a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm and a length of 3 to 5 mm (cross-sectional area: 0.0152 cm ^2-
0.0783 cm ² ) was spatially sprayed at a deposition rate of about 1 m / hour, the deposition surface was scanned with a laser beam, and the unevenness of the deposition surface was measured. The number of measurement points was about 100, and the measurement interval was about once every 30 seconds. The measurement was performed using He-
Ne laser beam scanning and triangulation of the deposition surface with a CCD camera were used. Laser beam is 5mW He-N
An e-laser was used. The laser beam diameter was 10 mm. The camera used was a 1/2 inch 360,000 pixel monochrome CCD camera with a focal length of 12 mm (minimum subject illuminance: 0.2 Lux). A 640 × 400 pixel image processor was used. ± 1 at a distance of 10 m to the deposition surface
Measurement accuracy of 7 mm is obtained and the distance to the deposition surface is 5 m
, A measurement accuracy of ± 10 mm was obtained. The latest measured surface distribution on the CRT, the cross-sectional trend on any line passing through the center (latest and 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes ago), average value display / numerical display of any point (one point) , And numerical display of an arbitrary point (plural) in an arbitrary time range are displayed on the same screen. FIG. 4 is an example of such a display.

In the embodiments described above, the monitoring of the filling of the reaction vessel with the catalyst particles has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be applied to other monitoring such as the monitoring of the filling of the storage silos with the grains. It can be widely applied to monitoring filling of particles into containers. In addition, the particles are not particularly limited, but non-isotropic particles, which are difficult to control for filling the particles and require high monitoring of the filling, such as particles having an aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of 2 or more are preferable. You.

[0015]

According to the new method of scanning the particle accumulation surface in the container with laser light, detecting reflected light and measuring the accumulation height by triangulation, the accumulation surface of the particles dispersed in the container is measured. The state of the unevenness was monitored and measured in real time with a measurement accuracy of ± 20 mm.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) shows the arrangement of the apparatus of the present invention for spraying and filling particles from a filling apparatus in a reaction vessel, measuring the state of a deposition surface, displaying it, and FIG. )
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of scanning a deposition surface by a scanning laser beam.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing how a laser generation and scanning device and an imaging device are attached to a container wall.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a laser and camera arrangement of a 4 camera × 2 laser system, and a -5 m field of view and a -10 m field of view are indicated by dotted lines.

FIG. 4 is a basic screen configuration diagram of a deposition surface monitor.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a filling device, wherein (a) shows a side view and (b) shows a bottom slit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 C Catalyst particles S Catalyst particle deposition surface 1 Reaction vessel 3 Filling device 5 Laser generation and scanning device 6 Scanning laser beam 7 Laser source 8 Laser scanner 9 Imaging device 10 Camera 11 Computer 13 CRT 15 Signal line 16 Air line 17, 19 Dustproof cover 18, 20 Fixing bracket 21 Side slit 22 Bottom 23 Lower slit 24 Rotating disk

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B65G 65/30-65/48 B01J 8/02 G01C 3/06 G01F 23/28

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A laser beam is used to scan a deposition surface while moving a scanning point back and forth and back and forth while filling particles in a container, to detect reflected light, to determine the position of a specific scanning point during measurement, and to emit laser light. A particle filling monitoring method, comprising: measuring a deposition height from a position and a laser light detection position by a trigonometric method, and setting a beam diameter of the laser light to be equal to or larger than a cross-sectional area of a particle and equal to or smaller than 3 cm . 2. The real-time display of the measured deposition height.
The method for monitoring particle filling according to claim 1. 3. A particle packing monitoring method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the said particles are catalyst. 4. A laser beam, which is mounted on a container for filling particles at a level higher than a particle filling height, runs on a particle deposition surface.
A scanning device for generating a laser beam having a laser beam diameter of not less than 3 cm and not more than 3 cm in order to scan while moving the inspection point back and forth , and an imaging device for detecting laser reflected light from the scanning point; A calculation device for calculating the depth of a scanning point by trigonometry from the position of the specific scanning point at the time of measurement, the position of the laser beam generation and scanning device, and the position of the imaging device, and a deposition surface depth distribution A particle filling monitoring device comprising: a display device for displaying data. 5. The display device is a real-time display device.
The particle filling monitoring device according to claim 4. 6. The particle filling monitoring device according to claim 4 , wherein the particles are catalysts. 7. Filling a container with a catalyst for petroleum equipment
Runs on the deposition surface with laser light while moving the scanning point right and left and back and forth
Scan, detect reflected light, and locate a particular scanning point during the measurement.
From the position, laser beam emission position and laser beam detection position
The height of the sediment is measured by
In this case, the beam diameter of the laser beam is
Not less than 3 cm and the distribution of the deposition surface is constant
To correct the spraying condition from the filling device so that
Characteristic catalyst filling monitoring method for petroleum facilities. 8. A container filled with a catalyst for petroleum equipment, which is filled with particles.
Particles with laser light, mounted at a level above the filling height
To scan the deposition surface while moving the scanning point left, right, front and back
Laser beam with a cross-sectional area of not less than 3 cm
Laser beam generating and scanning device with
Imaging device that detects the reflected laser light from the
Position of the scanning point of the laser light generation and scanning device
From the position and the position of the imaging device,
A calculator for calculating the depth and data including the sedimentation surface depth distribution
The display device that displays the data in real time and the distribution of the deposition surface
To correct the spraying condition so that it is constant,
It is possible to adjust the opening of the slot and the rotating speed of the rotating disk.
A catalyst filling monitoring device for petroleum equipment, comprising: