KR101788777B1 - 변조층을 가진 지향성 백라이트 - Google Patents

변조층을 가진 지향성 백라이트 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR101788777B1
KR101788777B1 KR1020147027174A KR20147027174A KR101788777B1 KR 101788777 B1 KR101788777 B1 KR 101788777B1 KR 1020147027174 A KR1020147027174 A KR 1020147027174A KR 20147027174 A KR20147027174 A KR 20147027174A KR 101788777 B1 KR101788777 B1 KR 101788777B1
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
directional
grating
pixels
backplane
backlight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
KR1020147027174A
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Other versions
KR20150021017A (ko
Inventor
데이비드 에이. 파탈
데이비드 에이. 파탈
제임스 에이. 브룩
찰스 엠. 산토리
마르코 피오렌티노
젠 펭
Original Assignee
레이아 인코포레이티드
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 레이아 인코포레이티드 filed Critical 레이아 인코포레이티드
Publication of KR20150021017A publication Critical patent/KR20150021017A/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR101788777B1 publication Critical patent/KR101788777B1/ko
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0075Arrangements of multiple light guides
    • G02B6/0078Side-by-side arrangements, e.g. for large area displays
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/004Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
    • G02B6/0043Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles provided on the surface of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1086Beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/33Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving directional light or back-light sources
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/00362-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0058Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/32Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
KR1020147027174A 2012-06-01 2012-06-01 변조층을 가진 지향성 백라이트 Active KR101788777B1 (ko)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/040607 WO2013180737A1 (en) 2012-06-01 2012-06-01 Directional backlight with a modulation layer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20150021017A KR20150021017A (ko) 2015-02-27
KR101788777B1 true KR101788777B1 (ko) 2017-10-20

Family

ID=49673782

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020147027174A Active KR101788777B1 (ko) 2012-06-01 2012-06-01 변조층을 가진 지향성 백라이트

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (2) EP3301504A1 (https=)
JP (1) JP5964500B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR101788777B1 (https=)
CN (1) CN104335100B (https=)
ES (1) ES2658587T3 (https=)
PL (1) PL2859402T3 (https=)
PT (1) PT2859402T (https=)
WO (1) WO2013180737A1 (https=)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170085827A (ko) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-25 삼성전자주식회사 지향성 백라이트 유닛을 구비하는 디스플레이 장치 및 그 조립 방법

Families Citing this family (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9389415B2 (en) 2012-04-27 2016-07-12 Leia Inc. Directional pixel for use in a display screen
US9459461B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2016-10-04 Leia Inc. Directional backlight
WO2014120160A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Directional grating-based backlighting
US9298168B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2016-03-29 Leia Inc. Multiview 3D wrist watch
CN104508353B (zh) 2013-07-30 2018-08-31 镭亚股份有限公司 基于多束衍射光栅的背光照明
CN104159100A (zh) * 2014-07-23 2014-11-19 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 立体显示装置和立体显示方法
US9557466B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2017-01-31 Leia, Inc Multibeam diffraction grating-based color backlighting
CN107111084A (zh) * 2015-01-10 2017-08-29 镭亚股份有限公司 偏振混合光导及使用其的基于多波束光栅的背光
JP6633087B2 (ja) * 2015-01-28 2020-01-22 レイア、インコーポレイテッドLeia Inc. 3次元(3d)電子ディスプレイ
CN107430240B (zh) * 2015-03-16 2020-09-18 镭亚股份有限公司 采用角度选择性反射层的基于单向光栅的背光
ES2960230T3 (es) * 2015-09-05 2024-03-01 Leia Inc Retroiluminación concentradora de luz y sistema de pantalla cercana al ojo que la utiliza
US10798371B2 (en) * 2015-09-05 2020-10-06 Leia Inc. Multiview display with head tracking
KR102491853B1 (ko) * 2015-12-09 2023-01-26 삼성전자주식회사 지향성 백라이트 유닛 및 이를 포함한 입체 영상 표시 장치
CH711992A1 (de) * 2015-12-28 2017-06-30 Regent Beleuchtungskörper Ag Leuchtkörper und Stehleuchtenanordnung.
CN106959510A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2017-07-18 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置和虚拟现实眼镜
WO2017123259A1 (en) * 2016-01-16 2017-07-20 Leia Inc. Multibeam diffraction grating-based head-up display
KR102526751B1 (ko) * 2016-01-25 2023-04-27 삼성전자주식회사 지향성 백라이트 유닛, 3차원 영상 디스플레이 장치, 및 3차원 영상 디스플레이 방법
KR102367308B1 (ko) * 2016-01-30 2022-02-24 레이아 인코포레이티드 수렴 시점들을 갖는 다중 빔 요소-기반 역광 조명
KR102353695B1 (ko) * 2016-01-30 2022-01-20 레이아 인코포레이티드 프라이버시 디스플레이 및 듀얼-모드 프라이버시 디스플레이 시스템
CN105700226A (zh) * 2016-04-25 2016-06-22 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 视角控制机构、导光板、背光模组、阵列基板及显示面板
JP6645371B2 (ja) 2016-07-15 2020-02-14 オムロン株式会社 光デバイス及び立体表示方法
KR102553840B1 (ko) * 2016-08-31 2023-07-10 삼성전자주식회사 단일 백 라이트 유닛을 포함하는 무안경 3차원 디스플레이 장치
KR102519016B1 (ko) * 2016-09-07 2023-04-05 매직 립, 인코포레이티드 두꺼운 미디어를 포함하는 가상 현실, 증강 현실 및 혼합 현실 시스템들 및 관련된 방법들
CN106292051B (zh) * 2016-10-21 2017-08-01 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置及其显示方法
KR102654863B1 (ko) 2016-11-08 2024-04-05 삼성전자주식회사 지향성 백라이트 유닛 및 이를 포함하는 영상 표시 장치
CN106443867A (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-02-22 苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司 一种波导器件及三维显示装置
WO2018125574A1 (en) 2016-12-31 2018-07-05 Vuzix Corporation Imaging light guide with expanded light distribution
FR3061461B1 (fr) * 2017-01-03 2020-06-19 Valeo Vision Systeme d'avertissement lumineux pour vehicule automobile et procede d'avertissement lumineux
US10810969B2 (en) 2017-01-16 2020-10-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Texture display device, texture display method, and texture display program
WO2018183510A1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Light field generator devices with series output couplers
WO2018186892A1 (en) * 2017-04-08 2018-10-11 Leia Inc. Multiview backlight, mode-switchable backlight, and 2d/3d mode-switchable display
EP3598203B1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2021-09-15 Cloudminds (Shenzhen) Robotics Systems Co., Ltd. Directional optical waveguide, directional backlight module and display device
WO2018213100A1 (en) * 2017-05-14 2018-11-22 Leia Inc. Multiview backlight, display, and method employing active emitter arrays
US11086059B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2021-08-10 Vuzix Corporation Image light guide with expanded light distribution overlapping gratings
CA3064551C (en) * 2017-06-16 2021-12-21 Leia Inc. Multiview backlight, multiview display and method employing offset multibeam elements
US10747176B2 (en) 2017-09-04 2020-08-18 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute System and method for 3D holographic display using spatial-division multiplexed diffractive optical elements for viewing zone improvement
CN107741666B (zh) * 2017-10-27 2020-08-04 上海天马微电子有限公司 一种显示装置
US10345506B1 (en) * 2018-07-16 2019-07-09 Shenzhen Guangjian Technology Co., Ltd. Light projecting method and device
CN110908134B (zh) * 2018-08-28 2021-01-26 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置及显示系统
CN113039390B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2023-06-23 镭亚股份有限公司 具有光学掩模元件的多视图背光体、显示器和方法
DE102023206165A1 (de) * 2023-06-29 2025-01-02 Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh Schaltbare holographische anzeige

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070298533A1 (en) 2006-06-26 2007-12-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus providing imager pixel array with grating structure and imager device containing the same
WO2008003814A1 (en) 2006-07-03 2008-01-10 Nokia Corporation Changing graphics in an apparatus including user interface illumination
US20100123952A1 (en) 2008-11-18 2010-05-20 Industrial Technology Research Institute Stereoscopic image display apparatus
JP2010237416A (ja) 2009-03-31 2010-10-21 Sharp Corp 立体表示装置

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE254291T1 (de) * 1998-04-02 2003-11-15 Elop Electrooptics Ind Ltd Optische holographische vorrichtungen
FI106323B (fi) * 1998-12-30 2001-01-15 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Taustavalaistuksen valonjohdin litteälle näytölle
US6919950B2 (en) * 2000-08-29 2005-07-19 Roman S. Dabrowski Liquid crystal device and a liquid crystal material
JP2004077897A (ja) * 2002-08-20 2004-03-11 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 表示装置
EP1666933A1 (fr) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-07 Asulab S.A. Dispositif optique a double fonction d'illumination et de formation d'une image figurative
EP1666992A1 (fr) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-07 Asulab S.A. Pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un décor lumineux
WO2007042852A1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Nokia Corporation Illumination method for displaying different graphical layouts
JP5157115B2 (ja) * 2006-09-28 2013-03-06 凸版印刷株式会社 回折格子から成る表示体およびそれを応用した印刷物
US20080204873A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Strategic Patent Acquisitions Llc Techniques for three dimensional displays
US7507012B2 (en) * 2007-05-16 2009-03-24 Rohm And Haas Denmark Finance A/S LCD displays with light redirection
EP2485075B1 (en) * 2007-06-14 2014-07-16 Nokia Corporation Displays with integrated backlighting
JP5493978B2 (ja) * 2010-02-19 2014-05-14 凸版印刷株式会社 画像表示体及び情報媒体
JP2011133677A (ja) * 2009-12-24 2011-07-07 Toppan Printing Co Ltd ブランク媒体、画像表示体及び情報媒体

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070298533A1 (en) 2006-06-26 2007-12-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus providing imager pixel array with grating structure and imager device containing the same
WO2008003814A1 (en) 2006-07-03 2008-01-10 Nokia Corporation Changing graphics in an apparatus including user interface illumination
US20100123952A1 (en) 2008-11-18 2010-05-20 Industrial Technology Research Institute Stereoscopic image display apparatus
JP2010237416A (ja) 2009-03-31 2010-10-21 Sharp Corp 立体表示装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170085827A (ko) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-25 삼성전자주식회사 지향성 백라이트 유닛을 구비하는 디스플레이 장치 및 그 조립 방법
KR102560708B1 (ko) 2016-01-15 2023-07-27 삼성전자주식회사 지향성 백라이트 유닛을 구비하는 디스플레이 장치 및 그 조립 방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2859402A1 (en) 2015-04-15
JP2015530604A (ja) 2015-10-15
ES2658587T3 (es) 2018-03-12
WO2013180737A1 (en) 2013-12-05
EP2859402A4 (en) 2016-04-13
EP2859402B1 (en) 2017-11-22
PL2859402T3 (pl) 2018-08-31
HK1205793A1 (en) 2015-12-24
KR20150021017A (ko) 2015-02-27
EP3301504A1 (en) 2018-04-04
JP5964500B2 (ja) 2016-08-03
CN104335100A (zh) 2015-02-04
PT2859402T (pt) 2018-02-08
CN104335100B (zh) 2017-06-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR101788777B1 (ko) 변조층을 가진 지향성 백라이트
US9201270B2 (en) Directional backlight with a modulation layer
KR101788776B1 (ko) 지향성 백라이트
US10120198B2 (en) Directional backlight
KR101964177B1 (ko) 다중 뷰 디스플레이 스크린 및 이를 이용한 다중 뷰 모바일 장치
US9785119B2 (en) Multiview display screen and multiview mobile device using same
KR101918038B1 (ko) 디스플레이 스크린에서 사용하기 위한 지향성 픽셀
US9897733B2 (en) Spatial light modulator including nano-antenna electrode and display apparatus including the spatial light modulator
WO2014051623A1 (en) Directional waveguide-based backlight for use in a multivew display screen
US10663638B2 (en) 2D/3D switchable backlight unit and image display apparatus using the same
TWI499803B (zh) 基於方向性波導之背光、用以產生多視野3d影像之方法及波導
US8532448B1 (en) Light emitting pixel structure using tapered light waveguides, and devices using same
CN108663858A (zh) 背光模组、显示装置及其驱动方法
CN115877605A (zh) 显示装置
HK1205793B (en) Directional backlight with a modulation layer
CN118011647A (zh) 一种空间光调制组件、全息显示系统和电子设备
HK1205563B (en) Directional backlight
HK1204684B (en) Multiview 3d wrist watch

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PA0105 International application

St.27 status event code: A-0-1-A10-A15-nap-PA0105

P11-X000 Amendment of application requested

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000

P13-X000 Application amended

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000

R15-X000 Change to inventor requested

St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R15-oth-X000

R16-X000 Change to inventor recorded

St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R16-oth-X000

P11-X000 Amendment of application requested

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000

P13-X000 Application amended

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000

PG1501 Laying open of application

St.27 status event code: A-1-1-Q10-Q12-nap-PG1501

R18-X000 Changes to party contact information recorded

St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R18-oth-X000

A201 Request for examination
P11-X000 Amendment of application requested

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000

P13-X000 Application amended

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000

PA0201 Request for examination

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D11-exm-PA0201

A302 Request for accelerated examination
PA0302 Request for accelerated examination

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D17-exm-PA0302

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D16-exm-PA0302

E701 Decision to grant or registration of patent right
PE0701 Decision of registration

St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D22-exm-PE0701

GRNT Written decision to grant
PR0701 Registration of establishment

St.27 status event code: A-2-4-F10-F11-exm-PR0701

PR1002 Payment of registration fee

St.27 status event code: A-2-2-U10-U12-oth-PR1002

Fee payment year number: 1

PG1601 Publication of registration

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-Q10-Q13-nap-PG1601

P22-X000 Classification modified

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-P10-P22-nap-X000

P22-X000 Classification modified

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-P10-P22-nap-X000

P22-X000 Classification modified

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-P10-P22-nap-X000

P22-X000 Classification modified

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-P10-P22-nap-X000

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20200828

Year of fee payment: 4

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 4

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20211013

Year of fee payment: 5

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 5

R18-X000 Changes to party contact information recorded

St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20221012

Year of fee payment: 6

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 6

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 7

R18-X000 Changes to party contact information recorded

St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 8

PR1001 Payment of annual fee

St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001

Fee payment year number: 9

U11 Full renewal or maintenance fee paid

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-4-4-U10-U11-OTH-PR1001 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)

Year of fee payment: 9