KR101410197B1 - Processing apparatus and system having crushing unit for municipal solid waste treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The apparatus for treating municipal waste according to the present invention comprises a crushing unit for crushing municipal waste and selectively crushing organic matter, a sorting unit for sorting municipal waste discharged from crushing unit, a crushing unit for crushing municipal waste, And a recycling unit for recycling the remaining organic matter and combustible material. The recycling unit recycles the remaining organic matter and combustible material to the crushing unit. Here, the crushing unit is a rotary drum type crusher, which does not use forcing but naturally crushes organic matter selectively to enable high-purity sorting to be performed with a minimum energy, and also utilizes dried organic matter in the downstream reaction unit So that a higher sorting efficiency can be realized. The reaction unit at the downstream end is a biodegradable drying unit, which realizes drying in a short time without using external drying energy.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a crushing unit and a municipal waste treatment apparatus including the crushing unit.

The present invention relates to a municipal waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to a municipal waste treatment apparatus capable of contributing to enhancement of treatment efficiency through a pretreatment process of breaking and crushing municipal wastes.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was generally disposed of as landfill or incineration. Recently, however, a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) method has been proposed in which mechanical and biological techniques such as crushing, sorting, aerobic decomposition, and anaerobic energy are combined to recycle municipal waste.

Mechanical and biological treatment of municipal wastes is generally carried out in the order of breaking, crushing, water drying, incombustible / flammable / organic matter sorting, and selective recycling of combustibles and organic matter. The Rotary Drum Reactor (RDR) is a pretreatment complex device that simultaneously performs broaching, crushing, mixing, composting, and biodegradation in such mechanical and biological processes.

However, the rotary drum reactor that implements the complex function has the inefficiency of unnecessary or conflicting devices and operating methods for different functions. Specifically, physical functions such as breaking, crushing, and mixing are sufficient for a small-sized apparatus that rotates at a higher speed, but a large apparatus that rotates at a low speed is required for biological functions such as biodegradation drying and composting. Accordingly, the rotary drum reactor is operated without selecting a non-biodegradable material, so that a large-sized apparatus is required, but it has been regarded as an inevitable condition for improving the selectivity. Using RDRs only as devices for physical function means enduring the weakness of selectivity due to moisture. In addition, biodegradation drying for the purpose of fueling municipal wastes should pursue the conservation of bioenergy. The Rotary Drum Reactor is an extension of the composting technology that has pursued the exhaustion of bioenergy, so improvement of the equipment and operation method is required.

Disclosure of the Invention The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing unit that effectively breaks and crushes by optimizing the size of the pretreatment rotary drum while improving selectivity, The object of the present invention is to provide an economical municipal waste treatment apparatus capable of performing rapid biodegradation with minimal facilities by treating wastes.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating municipal wastes, comprising: a crushing drum rotatably provided with an inlet and an outlet through which municipal wastes are injected and discharged; And a partition member provided in the interior of the crush drum to partition the inside of the crush drum into a crush area for crushing the municipal waste and a crush area for crushing the municipal waste so as to break the municipal waste, The dried organic matter is used as a conveying material and re-introduced into the crushing drum to adjust the moisture content, thereby selecting the municipal waste as an organic component and a combustible component.

According to one aspect, a breaking member for guiding a shearing force to the municipal waste is provided on the inner surface of the crush drum corresponding to the breakable region.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a plurality of ribs parallel to the axial direction for preventing sliding of the municipal wastes are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the crush drum in the crushing area.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a guide rod rotated at the same angular velocity as the crushing drum is provided in the crushing region with a sufficient size in a central region of the crushing drum.

According to one aspect, the crushing drum has a diameter of 3 to 6 m and a rotation speed of 2 to 15 rpm.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the crushing drum is installed to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, and is inclined in a direction in which the municipal waste is injected and discharged.

In order to accomplish the object of the present invention, an apparatus for treating municipal wastes according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a crushing unit for crushing municipal waste; a sorting unit for sorting the municipal waste discharged from the crushing unit; A transfer unit for increasing the selectivity by regulating the water content by reintroducing a part of the municipal waste biodegradable and dried in the reaction unit into the crushing unit as a transfer material; And a recycling unit that recycles the dried organic matter, excluding the combustible matter among the municipal wastes, and the municipal wastes discharged from the reaction unit through the conveying unit, to the solid fuel.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the sorting unit comprises at least one rotatable sorting drum into which the municipal wastes are introduced and discharged, at least one of which is provided so as to protrude from the inner surface of the sorting drum, and is lifted up to raise the municipal waste The wings and the sorting drum are provided in the inside of the sorting drum in a streamlined manner toward one side with respect to the center of rotation of the sorting drum so as to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotating direction of the sorting drum and to be lifted by the raising wing along the inner circumferential surface of the sorting drum And a striking person striking the municipal waste falling and then falling.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the striker is rotated by receiving power from a pair of elliptical gears meshed with each other so as to form a long diameter in a mutually intersecting direction, .

According to one aspect of the present invention, the reaction unit includes a reaction drum rotated at a rotation speed of 1/10 to 1/30 rpm and having a plurality of ribs horizontally installed on the shaft so as to prevent the municipal waste from slipping, And an air blower for supplying the air at a plurality of points from the outlet of the reaction drum to a substantially central region of the reaction drum.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the blowing unit may include a blowing supply source for supplying the air, the supply amount of the air being controlled in correspondence with the temperature in the reaction drum, the air passing through a cover provided at an outlet of the reaction drum, And a second blowing pipe extending through the cover from the outlet of the reaction drum along the inner surface of the reaction drum with a diameter different from that of the first blowing pipe and extending from the outlet of the reaction drum to the central region, And a second blowing pipe for introducing the supplied air into the reaction drum, wherein the plurality of second blowing pipes have different lengths.

According to one aspect, the reaction unit includes an air processing unit for collecting dust from air discharged from the reaction drum, recovering heat, and removing odors.

According to one aspect, the conveying unit conveys the conveying member using a suction force.

According to the municipal waste disposal apparatus of the present invention having the above-described structure, first, the packing material of the municipal waste is naturally broken in the crushing unit, only the organic material is selectively crushed and the water content is controlled, Since the intermediate material is selected through a special particle sorting device, organic matter can be selected with high efficiency.

Second, the shredding unit achieves the same or better performance as a general rotary drum reactor, but it does not require a long biodegradation drying time, making it possible to achieve breakthrough miniaturization. Thus, it is possible to contribute to the improvement of the efficiency due to the reduction of the manufacturing cost.

Thirdly, it is possible to suppress the phenomenon that wastes such as wire materials, fibers, plastic films and the like are gathered in a pile due to rotation in the crushing unit, thereby enabling automatic continuous operation and contributing to improvement of workability.

Fourth, since the crushing unit is based on a natural principle such as decomposing wet paper without resorting to a forced shear force, breakage and crushing of municipal waste can be performed by using less energy, thereby contributing to improvement of energy efficiency.

Fifth, since the amount of the conveying material can be adjusted, it can respond flexibly to changes in moisture.

Sixth, since the reaction unit excludes bulky combustibles and provides an environment optimized for biodegradation and drying only on organic matter, biodegradation and drying can be accomplished at a high speed and contributing to miniaturization of the facility.

Seventh, the reaction unit recycles the organic energy in the municipal waste without the use of the external fuel to dry the moisture of the waste, thereby saving enormous fuel costs and preventing the generation of greenhouse gases. In addition, the produced fuel contains a carbon neutral organic energy source, which contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

Eighth, the reaction unit can prevent excessive powdering of municipal waste through ultra low speed operation and save energy.

Ninth, the odor control is easy because the whole process is processed in the equipment.

Tenth, the use of low-speed devices that optimize natural action reduces the risk of fire and other accidents.

1 is a schematic view showing a municipal waste treatment apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the shredding unit shown in Fig. 1,
3 is a schematic view for explaining the crushing operation inside the crushing unit shown in FIG. 2,
FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a state in which a guide rod is installed inside the shredding unit shown in FIG. 2;
Fig. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the dropping of municipal waste in the crushing unit shown in Fig. 2, Fig.
Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the sorting unit shown in Figure 1,
Figure 7 schematically depicts the reaction unit shown in Figure 1,
8 and 9 are graphs for explaining the blowing of the reaction unit according to the temperature,
Fig. 10 is a view schematically showing the transport unit shown in Fig. 1. Fig.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1, a municipal waste treatment apparatus 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a crushing unit 10, a sorting unit 20, a reaction unit 30, a transfer unit 40, (50).

For reference, the municipal waste treatment apparatus 1 described in the present invention refers to all municipal wastes which are collected separately or not collected separately, and are indicated by "R" in the drawing. Intermediates in the process are also marked with "R", and in the case of the carrier, "R1". In the city, the arrow indicates the movement path of municipal waste (R).

The crushing unit 10 is a pretreatment device for separating municipal waste R, that is, tearing a packaging material such as a plastic bag, selectively crushing only organic matter, and sorting the municipal waste R as an organic component and a combustible component to be. The crushing unit 10 is not a general crushing method for applying a forced shearing force to the municipal waste R but a crushing unit for crushing a packing material of the municipal waste R naturally inside the rotating drum, It is a Rotary Drum Crusher. The shredding unit 10 includes a shredding drum 11 and a partition member 14, as shown in Fig.

The crushing drum 11 is a rotary drum that rotates with an inlet 12 and an outlet 13 through which municipal waste R is injected and discharged. Although not shown in detail, the crushing drum 11 is supported by a predetermined supporting means and is rotated by receiving a driving force from the outside. The technical structure for rotating the drum is known from the prior art, do.

The partition member 14 is installed inside the crush drum 11 perpendicular to the direction in which the municipal waste R is injected and discharged and is divided into a break zone 15 for breaking the municipal waste R, R) is crushed by the crushing area 16. The inside of the crushing drum 11 is divided. At this time, the partitioning member 14 is located at a substantially central portion of the crushing drum 11, so that the crushing region 15 and the crushing region 16 are partitioned so as to be equal to each other. That is, the partition member 14 is divided into the breaking region 15 and the crushing region 16 at the front end and the rear end, respectively, with reference to the direction in which the municipal waste R is introduced.

This partitioning member 14 moves the broken municipal waste R to the crushing region 16 and the unbroken large or round municipal waste R can not pass into the crushing region 16 and into the crushing region 15 And has at least one or more opening portions 14a serving as a blocking member for returning. Therefore, it is preferable that the opening 14a has a rectangular shape, and a portion of the opening 14a that abuts the crush drum 11 corresponds to an inner peripheral surface shape of the crush drum 11. [

3, when the crushing drum 11 rotates, the municipal waste R in the rotation direction D is discharged to the outside of the crush drum 11, (11) and slopes down or moves along the slope by gravity while being inclined. At this time, the municipal waste R having a large specific gravity or a round shape (for example, an unsealed envelope) moves greatly, while the municipal waste R having a relatively small specific gravity moves small. When the above-mentioned municipal waste R is repeatedly lifted and dropped in the break-off region 15 in accordance with the rotation of the crush drum 11, the municipal waste R flowing down before is rapidly subjected to a strong load . The change in the load applied to the municipal waste R acts as a tensile force. In addition, since the municipal waste R has a space between the municipal waste R and the municipal waste R, a shear force is applied to the municipal waste R at a solid point where pressure is concentrated.

For example, when the diameter of the crush drum 11 is 4 m and the filling rate of the municipal waste R is 75%, the maximum height of the municipal waste R to be rotated is about 3.5 m. The pressure P when the specific gravity of the municipal waste R of the crushing drum 11 is 0.4 changes relatively quickly from 0 to 0.14 kgf / cm 2. That is, if the packaging material of the municipal waste (R) is a plastic bag having a width of 10 cm and a length of 10 cm, a maximum load of 14 kgf is received.

For reference, the specification (KPSM1005) of the standard waste bag has a tensile strength of 280 to 300 kgf / cm 2, a tear strength of 100 to 110 kgf / cm or more, and a thickness of 0.030 to 0.055 mm. Since the envelope which is the packaging material of the municipal waste (R) is thin, the tensile force of 300 kgf / cm 2 x 0.0055 cm = 1.65 kgf / cm or more ruptures and the shear force of 110 kgf / cm x 0.0055 cm = 0.605 kgf It means to be torn.

Here, the breakage of the municipal waste R in the crush drum 11 includes not only outside plastic bags such as a trash-weighing bag, but also wrapping materials such as envelopes that are present inside and out. If the inner and outer plastic bags of the municipal waste (R) are poured out, they will slip and can not be broken any more. This enables selective selection of organic substances in the next step.

On the other hand, the intrinsic force by which the municipal waste R is broken inside the rotating crush drum 11 is a tensile force, but the crushing of the municipal waste R is facilitated by the breaking member 17 provided in a knife shape in the breaking region 15. The packaging material of the municipal waste (R) having a hole formed by the seal member (17) is gradually broken by the tensile force generated by the irregular load change.

In order to break the municipal waste R, the crushing drum 11 has a diameter of approximately 3 to 6 m and may have a rotation speed of 2 to 15 rpm. Specifically, when the diameter of the crush drum 11 is less than 3 m, it is preferable that the crush drum 11 has a diameter of at least 3 m because the breaking ability is not sufficient. The crushing performance of the municipal waste R in the crushing drum 11 increases as the tensile stress or the shear stress of the municipal waste R becomes weaker and the larger the diameter of the crushing drum 11, The higher the speed, the greater the increase. That is, the diameter of the crush drum 11 is crushing force, and the rotation speed is proportional to the crushing speed. Since the crushing unit 10 is only intended for crushing and crushing, that is, crushing, it is possible to increase the diameter of the drum and increase the rotation speed more flexibly than in a general case in which the purpose of biodegradation and drying is simultaneously considered. However, when the diameter of the crush drum 11 is excessively large, it is possible to prevent the crushing due to excessive crushing, so that a maximum of 6 m is appropriate.

In addition, the diameter and the number of revolutions of the crush drum 11 should not make centrifugation in which the centrifugal force due to the rotation exceeds the gravity and the municipal waste R is arranged round the centrifugal force to the inner wall of the crush drum 11 . If the centrifugal force of the crushing drum 11 exceeds the gravity, the municipal waste R is fixed to the inner wall of the crushing drum 11 and can not be crushed. That is, the relative centrifugal force RCF of the crushing drum 11 against gravity is preferably 1 or less, and is preferably 0.5 or less for a natural fall. Here, the relative centrifugal force (RCF) is 1.12 10 ^-3 r (rotation radius m) x revolutions per minute (rpm) ² .
For example, when the diameter of the crushing drum 11 is 3, 4, 5, 6 m, and the respective rotational speeds are within 17, 15, 13 and 12 rpm, the relative centrifugal force RCF is within 0.5.

The municipal waste R in the crushing drum 11 is largely broken and pulverized within approximately 4 to 6 hours and thus the amount of the municipal waste R to be crushed is lower than that in the case where it is generally accomplished for 1-2 days at 1 to 2 rpm, It is possible to achieve miniaturization with a remarkable reduction in the length. As a result, the cost for manufacturing the crushing unit 10 can be reduced, and the support means and the power means for rotatably supporting the crushing drum 11 can be downsized.

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Since the crushing force to the extent that the plastic bag as the packaging material of the municipal waste R is broken is received in the breaking area 15, the large organic matter that is not cheaper than the packing material is finely crushed. Particularly, among the municipal waste (R), paper is more easily pulverized while absorbing water contained in containers such as foods, PET bottles, etc. by stirring. Thus, when the municipal waste (R) is finely crushed, it is finely crushed like pulp by friction between them, and some parts are crushed to a powder level.

On the other hand, among the municipal waste R, an object having a large specific gravity such as glass falls down to the end of the crush drum 11, rotates while drawing a large circle at a position close to the crush drum 11, So that it is broken by the drop impact. The glass is selected as an organic material in the screening unit 20 to be described later, but since the difference in specific gravity is large, the glass can be easily selected as a foreign matter from the organic material and does not cause any problems in processing. In addition, among municipal waste (R), solid or tough objects such as thick plastic, fiber, wood, and thick metal are kept in a circular shape. Further, among the municipal waste (R), the plastic bag is not deformed more than breaking. Therefore, the crushing drum 11 can be said to selectively crush organic substances only.

The municipal waste (R) is broken first in the break-off region (15) and thereafter, the organic material is crushed and the organic material may be crushed even in the packing material, that is, in the secret bag, under proper conditions. The organic matter in the municipal waste (R) that has been cracked out is immediately started to be crushed, but there may be some unsealed envelopes. Accordingly, it is preferable that only the municipal waste R that has been broken in the crush drum 11 is moved toward the discharge port 13.

2, the crush drum 11 is inclined to the discharge port side with an inclination angle alpha of 1 to 2 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane G. As shown in Fig. This inclined installation of the crush drum 11 makes it possible to inhibit the partition member 14 from moving to the crush area 16 without being broken. Specifically, the pieces of municipal waste (R) in the municipal waste (R) flow upward in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the crush drum (11) and finally flow down along the slope in a direction perpendicular to the pile And is moved toward the discharge port 13.

At this time, the broken organic matter of the municipal waste (R) easily passes over the boundary of the opening (14a) which is a space between the partition members (14), and the broken plastic bag is caught by the boundary of the opening (14a) I go over a little while. However, the municipal waste R that has not yet been broken is forced to move toward the charging port 12 due to the load even if it is caught by the boundary of the opening 14a, which is the space between the partitioning members 14, (16).

When the slurry of the municipal waste R is generated on the inner wall of the crush drum 11, the crush drum 11 is not broken and crushed but causes friction, so that the inner wall of the crush drum 11 rotates to the upper portion of the crush drum 11 Then slip or roll off. To this end, the break-off region 15 is provided with a break-off member 17 such as a blade, thereby not only preventing the slurry of the municipal waste R but also promoting break-breaking. A plurality of ribs 18 may be provided in the crushing area 16 to prevent slip of the municipal waste R. [ The plurality of ribs 18 are crushed such that the municipal waste R rises and rises while rotating like the crush drum 11 without slipping and slumping in the crushing area 16 of the crush drum 11 And is in the shape of a linear protrusion parallel to the center of rotation of the drum 11.

Although not shown in detail, a scale made of organic powders and adhesive components is formed between the ribs 18, and the direct friction between the municipal waste R and the crushing drum 11 is suppressed, Wear of the processing apparatus 1 is prevented.

When the residence time of the municipal waste R in the crushing drum 11 is shortened, generation of a dummy that solidifies between the municipal waste R such as light and long strings, stockings, fibers, and vinyl is suppressed. Even if there is a pile of municipal waste (R) on a small scale. It can be discharged in a short time and does not cause interruption to the automation process.

In addition, a guide rod 19 having a diameter at the center of the crushing area 16 may be installed as shown in FIG. 4 in order to suppress the generation of dirt in the municipal waste R. The generation of the dummy of the municipal waste R is caused near the rotation center C2 where the municipal waste R is rolled. After the municipal waste R reaches the surface of the empty space in the crush drum 11, the municipal waste R falls down along the inclined surface. When the specific gravity of the municipal waste R at this time falls, The materials travel small and converge into the dummy as they revolve around the center of rotation C2. Therefore, when the guide rod 19 rotating at the same angular speed as the crushing drum 11 occupies the rotation center C2 where the municipal waste R is rotated, the generation of the nucleus of the aggregation is interrupted, . The center of rotation C2 of the municipal waste R does not coincide with the center of rotation C1 of the crushing drum 11 and the center of rotation C2 of the municipal waste R depends on the filling ratio of the municipal waste R to the crushing drum 11. [ The guide rod 19 should have a sufficient size. The guide rod 19 may extend across the grinding region 16 but may not be disposed in the grinding region 15. This is because, when the guide rod 19 is provided in the break-off region 15, it can act as an element that interferes with the downward pressure and can prevent breakage of the municipal waste R.

In order to move the municipal waste R from the charging port 12 to the discharging port 13 in the crushing drum 11, the height of the height between the charging port 12 and the discharging port 13 A difference is generated, and gravitational force that acts to relax this occurs. When the mashing drum 11 is installed at a predetermined angle alpha (see FIG. 2) relative to the horizontal plane G and is rotated, when the mashing water R flows down from the upper portion of the crushing drum 11, And is moved to the discharge port 13 little by little. At this time, as described above, the material having a large specific gravity of the municipal waste R falls down to the lowermost portion of the crush drum 11 even when flowing down, and finally rises to the uppermost portion of the crush drum 11 and falls again. Since the distance is large, the distance of the left and right movement is large. On the other hand, among the municipal wastes R, the material having a small specific gravity moves around the center of the crush drum 11 due to the small up and down movement distance in the crush drum 11, so that there is little left to right movement.

For reference, since most of the substances having a specific gravity of about 1 are used, such as organic components and moisture of the municipal waste (R), it is possible to roughly estimate the movement distance. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 5, the upper and lower maximum movement distances A, as shown in the inside of the crush drum 11, are determined according to the angle? Determined according to the filling rate of the municipal waste R , sin (?) x r x 2 (where r is the radius of the crush drum 11). The filling ratio of the municipal waste R is 75%, and the remaining area of the crush drum 11 is 25% of the area of the entire circle, minus the area of the triangle in the fan shape. In Fig. 5, the height of the triangle is cos ([theta]) x r. When the angle of inclination of the crush drum 11 with respect to the horizontal plane G is large, the value of the maximum vertical movement distance A in the inlet port 12 and the discharge port 13 shows a significant difference And therefore it should be integrated.) The above is summarized as Equation 1 below.

In the above equation, when the angle? Is 74.6 占 and the diameter (2r) is 5m, the maximum travel distance A is 4.82m. On the other hand, since the municipal waste R is accumulated in the lower portion of the crush drum 11, the average moving distance is 1/2 of the maximum moving distance A. Further, when the value of sin (?) Of the inclination of the crush drum 11 is multiplied, the movement distance to the discharge port 13 is obtained. For example, the filling ratio of the municipal waste R in the crushing drum 11 is 75%, the diameter r of the crushing drum 11 is 5 m, and in the drum having the inclination angle 1 with respect to the horizontal plane G, About 4.2 cm is moved toward the discharge port.

On the other hand, the municipal waste R which has been broken by the crushing unit 10 and has been subjected to only the selective crushing of the organic matter is dried by the reaction unit 30 to be described later and then transported through the transport unit 40 10), and a sufficient amount is re-introduced into the crushing drum 11. Then, the municipal solid waste (R) has an average water content lowered to a level where selection is possible. Thus, by using the dried organic municipal waste (R), that is, the transportation material (R1), the existing biodegradation drying process is not required. Specifically, the moisture content of the municipal waste (R) alone may be about 45 to 50% in order to suppress generation of dust and generation of mud balls in the screening process of the screening unit 20 described below.

The weight of the conveying material to be charged, that is, the weight of the dried municipal waste (R), can be derived as follows in order to adjust the water content of the organic waste discharged from the municipal waste (R).

The weight Rm of the conveying member is obtained when the water content of the municipal waste R = Wh, the organic matter content in the solid matter of the municipal waste R = Wb, and the moisture content of the conveying member = Rh. However, the water content (α) of the discharged organic matter is 48% and the water content (β) of the discharged combustible material is 10%.

If the weight of the municipal waste (R) is Wm,

Solid waste of municipal solid waste = Wm x (1-Wh)

Solid waste of municipal solid waste = Wm × (1-Wh) × Wb

Solid waste of municipal solid waste = Wm × (1-Wh) × (1-Wb)

Conveyor solid content = Rm x (1-Rh)

Since the transporting material is solely of organic matter,

Conveying material organic solid = Rm x (1-Rh)

Conveyance material Flammable solid = 0

Emissions Flammable solid matter (in ① and ②) = Wm × (1-Wh) × (1-Wb)

When the water content definition is modified, the water content = the solid content x the moisture content ÷ (1-moisture content)

......③Emissions Flammable water =

...... ③

Emissions Organic Solids = Waste Organic Solids + Carriers Organic Solids =

.....④Emissions Organic Water =

..... ④

이므로

Because of

When α = 48% and β = 10%, summarizing the above equation as Rm

......⑤

...... ⑤

Since Rm is directly proportional to Wm, when Wm is 1, Rm is a ratio to Wm.

으로 최종 정리된다. therefore,

.

For example, if the water content of the municipal waste (R) is 45%, the organic matter ratio is 60%, and the water content of the conveying material is 30%, the water content of the organic matter discharged by 35% %.

The sorting unit (20) selects according to the particle size of the municipal waste (R) discharged from the crushing unit (10). Since the organic matter in the municipal waste R discharged from the crushing unit 10 is selectively crushed and the water content is sufficiently lowered, the amount of the municipal waste R introduced into the sorting unit 20 The sorting efficiency can be further improved. This sorting unit 20 includes a selection drum 21, a lifting blade 22 and a striker 23, as shown in Fig.

The sorting drum 21 is a rotatable drum through which the municipal waste R is introduced and discharged, and is a kind of Trommel screen. This sorting drum 21 is not shown in detail but has a supporting portion, a power portion, and a perforated net of about 30 mm.

The lifting wing 22 is a kind of baffle which is provided on the inner surface of the discriminating drum 21 so as to protrude so as to be parallel to the rotating shaft and guides the lifting of the municipal waste in order to increase the disposal of the municipal waste R. The municipal wastes R are crushed from the crushing unit 10 by the raising wings 22 and sorted into large-sized combustibles and small-sized organic matter. For reference, among the municipal waste (R), the film has a long fall time due to a large air resistance during dropping, so that it is not necessary to increase the number of the rising wings (22). For reference, the lifting blade 22 is related to the rotation speed of the discriminating drum 21. 6, the classification of the municipal waste R is carried out mainly in the direction of 4 to 5 o'clock, and the objects of the remaining 30 mm or more are picked up by the lifting wing 22, .

The striker 23 is disposed inside the discriminating drum 21 so as to have a wired shape inclined to one side with respect to the center of rotation of the discriminating drum 21 and rotates in the direction opposite to the rotating direction of the discriminating drum 21, Is lifted up by the lifting blade (22) along the inner circumferential surface of the drum (21), and hits the falling municipal waste (R). If the rotating direction of the striker 23 coincides with the rotating direction of the discriminating drum 21, defective discharging of the municipal waste R to the upper portion of the discriminating drum 21 is caused. Such a striker may be biased to the right with respect to the rotation center of the sorting drum 21 as the lifting wing 22 drops the municipal waste in the 1-2 o'clock direction. The pair of strikers 23 protrude in both directions from the rotary shaft 24 in the opposite direction so that the rotary shaft 24 is not bent by the centrifugal force and has a length enough not to interfere with the raising blade 22 This is good. In addition, the striker 23 may be made of an elastic material so as not to break.

Meanwhile, since the striker 23 has a considerable speed for hitting the falling municipal waste R, if a vinyl or tape having a large air resistance is rotated in a state of being caught by the striker 23, A problem may be caused to wind on the light guide plate 24. Therefore, it is preferable that the striker (23) accelerate when struck and then rotate at a slow speed to drop struck municipal waste. To this end, the striker 23 is rotated by receiving power from a pair of elliptical gears (not shown) engaged to form a long diameter in mutually intersecting directions, Guide the falling of municipal waste (R) at a slow rate.

Consequently, the striker 23 is rotated in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the sorting drum 21 to separate small sized organic matter from the crushed municipal waste R, And the rotation of the elliptical gear by the power transmission allows the municipal waste R to fall immediately without being caught by the striker 23 and being rotated.

For example, in this embodiment, the sorting unit 20 is installed separately from the crushing unit 10. However, in the case of the small-sized municipal waste treatment apparatus 1 having a small amount of municipal waste R, 20 may be provided integrally with the shredding unit 10.

The reaction unit 30 is a kind of biodegradable drying unit dedicated to recycling the municipal waste R by drying the organic municipal waste (R) sorted and sorted using heat generated by the decomposition activity of aerobic microorganisms. To this end, the reaction unit 30 includes a reaction drum 31, a blowing unit 32 and an air treatment unit 33 as shown in FIG.

The reaction drum 31 is rotated at a rotation speed of 1/10 to 1/30 rpm, more preferably 1/5 to 1 / 15rpm, and a rib (not shown) for preventing slipping of the municipal waste R (Rotary Drum Reactor, RDR) which is installed horizontally and rotates at low speed. It is preferable that the reaction drum 31 is installed horizontally for efficient utilization of the internal space at a higher filling rate, unlike the case where the crush drum 11 is installed at an angle. In this case, the movement of the municipal wastes R is automatically performed at a height difference due to discharge, and may be promoted by using a member such as a lifting blade.
For reference, the ribs (not shown) are similar to the ribs 18 of the shredding unit 10 described above, and thus detailed description and illustration are omitted. For reference, the reaction drum 31 is supported by a predetermined supporting means and receives power from the outside. Since this structure can be understood from the known art, detailed description and illustration are omitted.

In order to prevent the organic matter of the municipal waste R from being formed in the reaction drum 31 as a snow ball, the reaction drum 31 must rotate at a low speed. Since the reaction drum 31 has no physical function such as breaking and crushing, it can rotate at a much lower speed than the crushing drum 11. On the other hand, the reaction drum 31 must supply oxygen necessary for the growth of aerobic microorganisms by turning over the municipal waste (R) by rotation, which is a restriction condition for lowering the rotation speed. Oxygen in the deepest part of the compost is known to have a concentration of about 7%, which is consumed 2/3 after 10 minutes, and it is desirable that it is maintained at 5% or more. However, the oxygen consumption rate is somewhat fluid because it is a problem related to water content, pore and surface area of the substrate. At this time, it is preferable that the reaction drum 31 make one revolution every 5 to 15 minutes so that the entire municipal waste R is flipped. This is because even if the reaction drum 31 is rotated at a low speed, the municipal waste R is pretreated through the crushing unit 10 and the reaction drum 31, which is operated for a long time, is rotated at low speed, It becomes possible to supply necessary oxygen.
The air supply part 32 supplies air for drying the municipal waste R as an organic intermediate to the inside of the reaction drum 31. The air is supplied from the outlet of the reaction drum 31 to a substantially central area of the reaction drum 31 Air is supplied.

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Drying of the municipal waste (R), which is an organic intermediate in the reaction drum (31), is achieved by heat generated by decomposition of aerobic microorganisms evaporating moisture. Since the air can not contain steam exceeding the saturated vapor pressure depending on the temperature, the air needs to be supplied through the blowing unit 32 in an amount of 6 to 10 times larger than the amount of air required for the reaction. On the other hand, when a large amount of air is constantly supplied to the inside of the reaction drum 31, a large amount of drying occurs temporarily. However, since the internal temperature of the reaction drum 31 is rapidly lowered, It may cause degradation of the decomposition activity. Therefore, the airflow-rich portion 32 controls and supplies the air amount so as to satisfy the condition of the graph of FIG. The blowing air satisfying the graph of FIG. 8 is not influenced by the temperature and the humidity of the outside air, and therefore it is preferable that the blowing unit 32 is automatically controlled by the temperature.

In addition, as the blowing of the blowing part 32 increases the temperature by promoting the aerobic reaction, while at the same time depriving the latent heat of evaporation and lowering the temperature, the temperature rises or falls according to the blowing amount as shown in the graph of FIG. In the graph of Fig. 8, although there may be small differences depending on the municipal waste (R), the optimum temperature for maximizing oxygen consumption is around 55 캜. The internal temperature of the reaction drum 31 can be divided into a range of less than 40 ° C, 40 to 53 ° C, 53 to 57 ° C, and 57 ° C or more.

When the internal temperature of the reaction drum 31 is lower than 40 ° C., the minimum temperature necessary for biodegradation is preferably supplied because the reaction is not active due to a low temperature at the initial stage of operation of the reaction drum 31. The amount of air required can be judged by various methods such as the oxygen concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration, and the odor level generated in the nervous environment. Here, it is necessary to blow approximately 1/10 of the maximum air amount.

When the internal temperature of the reaction drum 31 is in the range of 40 to 53 ° C, a reaction is accelerated by the heat accumulated in the reaction drum 31, that is, oxygen consumption is promoted, and a circulation of heat is accumulated again by the reaction, . Accordingly, a small amount of appropriate air blowing is required to promote the reaction in the reaction drum 31. Approximately one sixth of the maximum air volume is required for ventilation.

When the inside temperature of the reaction drum 31 is in the range of 53 to 57 ° C, it is a normal operation period in which the maximum reaction is maintained under the optimum temperature condition.

When the internal temperature of the reaction drum 31 is 57 ° C or higher, heat is accumulated in the reaction drum 31 to cool the inside of the reaction drum 31 due to the accumulation of excessive heat, the miscellaneous microorganisms are killed, the oxygen solubility is lowered, A large amount of air is required.

In order to adjust the blowing amount of the blowing part (32) in the section of 40 to 53 ° C, 53 to 57 ° C and 57 ° C or more, the blowing amount is adjusted by repeating the start and stop of blowing while adjusting the time. Here, the blowing amount can be adjusted by adjusting the wind speed of the blowing part 32. [

For reference, the relationship between the air blowing amount and the internal temperature of the reaction drum 31 is as shown in the graph in FIG.

The air supply portion 32 supplies air to the inlet of the municipal waste R through the discharge side cover 31a of the reaction drum 31 and supplies air directly to the substantially central region of the reaction drum 31 do. In the conventional rotary drum reactor (RDR), the temperature of the inlet side where the cold municipal waste R is introduced and the outlet side of the cold air are low, and the temperature around the center is high, It is not used. In the reaction drum 31, the temperature of the inside of the reaction drum 31 can be maintained evenly by varying the blowing points, and the efficiency can be increased to realize the downsizing of the apparatus.
For this purpose, the blowing section 32 includes a blowing source 34, a first blowing pipe 35 and a second blowing pipe 36.

The air supply source 34 provides air while adjusting the supply amount of air corresponding to the temperature in the reaction drum 31, as described above.

The first blowing pipe 35 penetrates the discharge side cover 31a covering the discharge port of the reaction drum 31 and allows the air supplied from the blowing air supply source 34 to flow into the reaction drum 31. The second blowing pipe 36 extends through the discharge cover 31a and extends to the central region of the reaction drum 31 along the inner surface of the reaction drum 31 so that the air supplied from the blowing air supply source 34 is supplied to the reaction drum 31 ). A plurality of the second blowing pipes 36 are provided and have different extension lengths, and at least one of the second blowing pipes 36 extends to the central region of the reaction drum 31. The second blowing pipe 36 may be installed at four locations as shown in FIG. 7, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The diameter of the second blowing pipe (36) may be smaller than the diameter of the first blowing pipe (35).

Due to the configuration of the first and second blowing pipes 35 and 36, air can be supplied from at least two points and the temperature rise due to the heat pushed by the discharge port of the municipal waste R of the reaction drum 31 It is possible to maintain the temperature of the municipal waste R of the reaction drum 31 on the inlet and outlet sides in a similar manner. Particularly, the municipal waste outlet side of the reaction drum 31 is a place where the drying is almost completed and the reaction, that is, the oxygen consumption is slowed, so that the blowing amount is preferably smaller than the central area. It is needless to say that the separate air supply of each of the first and second blowing pipes 35 and 36 can be controlled by adding a separate valve structure.

The air processing unit 33 collects dust from air discharged from the reaction drum 31, recovers heat, and removes odors. Specifically, the air discharged from the reaction drum 31 contains a temperature close to the internal temperature of the reaction drum 31, a humidity close to 100% relative humidity, a little odor substance, fine dust, etc. , And the air treatment unit 33 removes dust by a cyclone dust collecting system and recovers heat by using a heat exchange unit such as a heat exchanger (not shown). In addition, it is preferable that the air treatment unit 33 improves the energy efficiency by using the heated air as air blowing or the like. For reference, the air processing unit 33 can process the odor of the discharged air through a malodor processing device such as a biofilter, which can be understood from known technologies, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The transport unit 40 transports the powdered organic matter dried from the organic material as the intermediate material mixed with the foreign matter among the municipal wastes R treated as described above to the crushing unit 10 again as shown in FIG. Such a transfer unit 40 uses a suction type powder transfer method. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 10, the conveying unit 40 is a device combined with the suction port 41, the conveying pipe 42, the suction type cyclone 43, and the storage hopper 44 in this order. The suction type cyclone 43 provides a force for conveying the powder while discharging air through the fan 43a and discharges the powder conveyed through the rotary valve 43b and stores the powder in the storage hopper 44. [ The storage hopper 44 is provided with a fixed amount supply device 44a and feeds an appropriate amount of the transport material R1 to the charging port 12 of the municipal waste R of the crush drum 11. On the other hand, the wind velocity in the conveyance pipe 44 is sufficiently high to prevent clogging of the in-pipe conveyance material R1, and the intake port 41 has to be larger in diameter than the conveyance pipe 44, It is not inhaled. The moisture content in the crushing drum 11 is adjusted by supplying the transporting material R1, which is an organic material dried by the crushing unit 10, by the transporting unit 40. [

The recycling unit 50 recycles selected combustible materials, organic materials, metals, glass, and the like from the municipal waste R by being finally discharged through the reaction unit 30. Particularly, since the combustible material and the biodegradable organic material, which are the petrochemical materials, are well dried, the recycling unit 50 recycles them as a solid fuel, or recycles organic materials separately as compost, . The recycling structure of the recycling unit 50 is composting, fueling, etc., and can be understood from known recycling techniques, and therefore, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The processing operation of the municipal waste treatment apparatus 1 according to the present invention having the above-described structure will be described with reference to FIG.

The municipal waste R flowing into the rotating crushing unit 10 naturally changes into a state in which the packaging material is broken and the organic material is selectively crushed and selected as a combustible material and an organic material. The water content is controlled by the organic material (R1) dried in the reaction unit 30 described below, and the selectivity is further improved. The municipal waste R discharged from the crushing unit 10 is sorted through the sorting unit 20 and then the organic matter R1 absorbed therein is introduced into the reaction unit 30 to be subjected to biodegradation and drying, drying. At this time, air is injected into the reaction drum 31 for biodegradation of the reaction unit 30. Some of the finally dried municipal waste R is transported to the crushing unit 10 again as a transportation material R1 through the transport unit 40 to increase the screening power and the remainder is recycled through the recycling unit 50 , And the treatment of municipal waste (R) is completed.

In the recycling process, it is possible to remove foreign substances by using a wind power sorter, a magnetic separator, an eddy current, an optical sorting machine, a glass sorter, etc. to produce a higher quality recycled material. However, Did not do it.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. It can be understood that

1: Municipal waste treatment apparatus 10: Crushing unit
11: crush drum 14: partition member
20: sorting unit 21: sorting drum
22: Raised wing 23: Striker
30: Reaction unit 31: Reaction drum
32: air-rich portion 33: air processing portion
40: conveying unit 50: recycling unit

Claims (17)

delete delete delete delete delete delete A crushing drum rotatably provided with an inlet and an outlet through which municipal wastes are injected and discharged and a crushing zone installed inside the crushing drum perpendicular to a direction in which the municipal wastes are injected and discharged to break the municipal wastes, A crushing unit for crushing municipal waste, comprising: a partition member dividing the inside of the crushing drum into a crushing region for crushing municipal waste;
A sorting unit for sorting the municipal waste discharged from the crushing unit;
A reaction unit for biodegrading and drying the municipal waste selected from the sorting unit;
A transfer unit which increases the selectivity by regulating the water content by re-introducing a part of the biodegradable and dried municipal waste in the reaction unit into the crushing unit as a conveying material; And
A recycling unit that recycles dried organic matter, excluding a combustible material among the municipal wastes selected from the municipal wastes and the municipal wastes discharged from the reaction unit, except the transported material through the transport unit, as solid fuel;
/ RTI >
Wherein the crushing unit preprocesses the municipal waste to sort out the municipal waste as an organic component and a combustible component by breaking the municipal waste and adjusting the water content by re-introducing the municipal waste into the crushing drum by the conveying member, And a guide rod rotated at the same angular velocity as the crushing drum is provided at the center of the crushing drum.
8. The method of claim 7,
The sorting unit includes:
A rotatable sorting drum through which the municipal waste flows in and out;
At least one of the rising wings for lifting up the municipal wastes so as to increase the level of the municipal wastes; And
The sorting drum is provided inside the discriminating drum in a streamlined manner toward the center of rotation of the discriminating drum and is rotated in the direction opposite to the rotating direction of the discriminating drum and lifted up by the lifting wing along the inner circumferential surface of the discriminating drum A hitting person hitting the falling municipal waste;
Wherein the municipal waste treatment system comprises:
9. The method of claim 8,
The striker is rotated by receiving power from a pair of elliptical gears meshed with each other so as to form a long diameter in a mutually intersecting direction, thereby rotating the life of the municipal waste at a relatively low speed Waste treatment device.
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the reaction unit comprises:
A reaction drum rotatable at a rotation speed of 1/10 to 1/30 rpm and provided with a rib disposed in parallel with the rotary shaft to prevent slipping of the municipal waste; And
A blowing unit for supplying the air for drying the municipal wastes into the reaction drum, wherein the blowing unit supplies the air at a plurality of points from an outlet of the reaction drum to a substantially central region of the reaction drum;
Wherein the municipal waste treatment system comprises:
11. The method of claim 10,
The blower
An air supply source for supplying the air, wherein a supply amount of the air is adjusted corresponding to a temperature in the reaction drum;
A first blowing pipe passing through a cover provided at an outlet of the reaction drum to introduce air supplied from the blowing source into the reaction drum; And
And a second blowing pipe which penetrates through the cover and has a diameter different from that of the first blowing pipe and extends from the outlet of the reaction drum to the central region along the inner surface of the reaction drum, ;
≪ / RTI >
Wherein the plurality of second blowing pipes have different lengths.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the reaction unit comprises:
An air treatment unit for collecting dust from the air discharged from the reaction drum and recovering heat and removing odors;
Wherein the municipal waste treatment system comprises:
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the conveying unit conveys the conveying member using a suction force.

8. The method of claim 7,
A breaking member for guiding a shearing force for breaking the packaging material of the municipal waste progressively by a tensile force generated by an irregular load change of the municipal waste having a blade shape is provided on the inner surface of the crush drum corresponding to the break- A domestic waste disposal apparatus.
8. The method of claim 7,
And a plurality of ribs parallel to the axial direction for preventing sliding of the municipal wastes are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the crushing drum in the crushing region.
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the crushing drum has a diameter of 3 to 6 m and has a rotation speed of 2 to 15 rpm.
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the crushing drum is installed so as to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane and is inclined toward the horizontal plane in a direction in which the municipal waste is injected and discharged.

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