KR101359640B1 - Generating system of vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power generation system for ships.
According to one aspect of the invention, the turbocharger provided in the ship, which is operated by the exhaust gas discharged from the engine; A turbine spaced apart from the turbocharger and driven by a working fluid; And a circulation unit disposed between the turbocharger and the turbine and provided with a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger and a working fluid supplied to the turbine.

Description

Generating system of vessel

The present invention relates to a power generation system for ships.

The ship consumes fossil fuels and gains momentum by driving the engine. In the engine, the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of fuel is exhausted, and the exhaust gas emitted from the engine includes the residue of combustion and a predetermined amount of heat.

The amount of waste heat contained in the exhaust gas is very high, and in recent years, various techniques for using waste heat of the exhaust gas have been proposed to reduce energy consumption.

For example, a technique for generating power by driving a Rankine cycle using waste heat contained in exhaust gas may be used.

1 is a view showing a power generation system of a ship according to the prior art using the Rankine cycle.

Referring to FIG. 1, the hot exhaust gas generated in the engine 2 may be supplied to the heat exchanger 3. In the heat exchanger 3, hot steam may be generated by heat exchange between exhaust gas and water. Steam generated in the heat exchanger (3) is supplied to the turbine (4), the electricity is generated in the generator connected to the turbine (4).

The steam discharged from the turbine 4 is condensed through the condenser 5, and a part of the condensate can be supplied to the heat exchanger 3 by the pump 6.

In addition, a cooler unit 7 may be disposed around the engine 2 for cooling, and sea water may be used as a cooling heat source of the cooler unit 7 and the condenser 5.

However, the above-described conventional techniques have the following problems.

The operation rate of the engine 2 is changed while the ship is in operation. For example, a vessel may operate the engine 2 at full load for about two thirds of the total number of days of operation, and the remaining days of operation may operate the engine 2 at a lower load than the full load. can do. When the engine 2 is operated at a lower load than the full load, the exhaust gas is generated relatively less than when the full load is used.

Such a change in the amount of exhaust gas causes a change in the amount of heat introduced into the Rankine cycle, which seriously affects the efficiency of the Rankine cycle.

Embodiments of the present invention to provide a power generation system of a ship that can be stably generated despite the load changes of the engine of the ship.

According to one aspect of the invention, the turbocharger provided in the ship, which is operated by the exhaust gas discharged from the engine; A turbine spaced apart from the turbocharger and driven by a working fluid; And a circulation unit disposed between the turbocharger and the turbine and provided with a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger and a working fluid supplied to the turbine.

In addition, the circulation unit may provide a power generation system of a ship including at least one circulation pump for circulation of the trough fluid circulating the heat exchange unit.

The heat exchanger may include a first heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange between the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger and the nut carrier fluid; It is possible to provide a power generation system of a ship including a second heat exchanger for heat-exchanging the nutriture fluid supplied from the first heat exchanger and a working fluid supplied to the turbine.

The heat exchanger may further include a third heat exchanger disposed at a front end of the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger configured to heat the trough fluid by heat-exchanging the air and the trough fluid supplied from the turbocharger. Can provide.

In addition, the circulation unit may provide a power generation system of a ship further comprising a bypass unit for bypassing the nut borne fluid to the first heat exchanger without passing through the third heat exchanger.

In addition, the bypass unit may provide a power generation system of the ship further comprising a control valve for adjusting the flow rate of the nut medium.

In addition, the control valve may provide a power generation system of the ship, characterized in that for adjusting the flow rate of the nut medium in response to the load (Load) of the engine.

In addition, the circulation unit may provide a power generation system of a ship further comprising a storage unit for temporarily storing the fruit medium fluid.

In addition, the working fluid may provide a power generation system of a ship comprising an organic compound.

In addition, it is possible to provide a power generation system of a ship, characterized in that for controlling the flow rate of the fruit medium fluid supplied to the third heat exchanger so that the heat amount supplied to the second heat exchanger is maintained at a constant level.

In addition, the front end of the second heat exchanger is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heat-mediated fluid supplied to the second heat exchanger, the control valve to the second heat exchanger based on the sensed value of the temperature sensor It is possible to provide a power generation system of a ship, characterized in that for controlling the flow rate of the trough fluid supplied to the third heat exchanger so that the temperature of the trough fluid to be supplied is maintained at a constant level.

In addition, the circulation pump may provide a power generation system of a ship, characterized in that for adjusting the flow rate of the tide fluid so that the temperature of the tide fluid to heat exchange with the working fluid is kept constant.

Embodiments of the present invention can provide a power generation system of a ship that can stably generate power despite the load change of the engine by adjusting the flow rate of the nut carrier fluid.

1 shows a power generation system of a ship according to the prior art using a Rankine cycle.
2 is a view showing a power generation system of a ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view showing a power generation system of a ship according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

In the following description of the present invention, detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

2 is a view showing a power generation system of a ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

2, the power generation system 1 of the ship according to the first embodiment of the present invention is operated as an energy source from the exhaust gas of the engine 2 for generating the propulsion force of the ship.

In detail, the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 2 is introduced into the turbocharger 100 with a temperature range of about 240 ° C to 250 ° C. The exhaust gas discharged from the engine 2 is in a high pressure state and rotates a blade (not shown) provided in the turbocharger 100.

At the same time, the outside air is introduced into the turbocharger 100, and the outside air introduced into the turbocharger 100 is rotated by the blade (not shown) rotated by the exhaust gas supplied to the turbocharger 100. Is compressed. In this process, the outside air becomes hot.

The exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger 100 may be supplied to the heat exchanger 310 provided in the circulation unit 300, and the exhaust gas may be a first heat exchanger among a plurality of heat exchangers provided in the heat exchanger 310. May be supplied to the group 311.

The circulation unit 300 may be provided with a pipe, such that the nut can be circulated continuously.

The nut-bearing fluid may be heated to a predetermined temperature through heat exchange with the exhaust gas and circulated along the arrangement path of the circulation part 300.

Although it does not specifically limit about the said nut nut fluid, It is preferable not to oxidize by high temperature exhaust gas, and to maintain the initial physical viscosity stably. For example, the mediator fluid may be water or thermal oil.

The first heat exchanger 311 may supply heat to the trough fluid through heat exchange with the exhaust gas.

At the same time, the outside air introduced into the turbocharger 100 may be heated to a predetermined temperature and moved to the third heat exchanger 313.

The third heat exchanger 313 may heat the nutritive fluid by exchanging heat exchanger fluid circulated along the inside of the circulation unit 300 and the outside air heated in the turbocharger 100.

That is, the trough fluid is heated to a predetermined temperature in the third heat exchanger 313 before being moved to the first heat exchanger 311, and then the turbocharger (3) in the first heat exchanger 311. It may be heated again by the exhaust gas supplied from 100).

The air discharged from the third heat exchanger 313 may be supplied to the engine 2 after being cooled by sea water.

The first heat exchanger 311 may heat the nutritive fluid by heat-exchanging the nutritive fluid and the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger 100, and is relatively relatively to the third heat exchanger 313 described above. It can be made to have a large heat exchange area.

The second heat exchanger 312 heats the working fluid by exchanging heat exchange fluid supplied from the first heat exchanger 311 and the working fluid circulating through a Rankine cycle for power generation. That is, the heat energy of the nut-bearing fluid in the second heat exchanger 312 is transferred to the working fluid.

The working fluid may be an organic refrigerant, and the organic refrigerant may be an organic compound. In addition, since the working fluid has a low boiling point, vaporization should be made stable even at low temperatures, and the blade may be rotated in a steam state in the turbine 200.

As the working fluid, a freon-based refrigerant and a hydrocarbon-based material such as propane may be used. For example, the working fluid may be any one of R134a, R245fa, R236, R401, and R404 suitable for use in a relatively low heat source (400 ° C. or lower).

The working fluid having such characteristics is vaporized by absorbing heat from the second heat exchanger 312 and supplied to the turbine 200.

The turbine 200 generates electricity by driving the generator using the working fluid as an energy source.

The working fluid may be moved to the preheater 10 via the turbine 200. The working fluid via the preheater 10 is liquefied in a condenser 20 in which heat exchange with sea water is performed. It may be pumped through and circulated to the preheater 10.

The working fluid may be supplied to the second heat exchanger 312 via the preheater 10.

Hereinafter, the circulation unit 300 will be described in detail.

The first, second, and third heat exchangers 311, 312, and 313 described above may be disposed in series, and at least one circulation pump 302 may be configured to circulate the nutritive fluid in the circulation unit 300. Can be prepared.

The circulation pump 302 may be disposed at the front end of the third heat exchanger 313, but is not necessarily limited to the position.

The circulation part 300 may further include a storage part 330 for temporarily storing the fruit medium fluid via the first, second, and third heat exchangers 311, 312, and 313. In order to prevent the shortage of the trough fluid, the storage unit 330 may store more trough fluid than the flow rate of the trough fluid circulating through the circulation unit 300.

The fruit medium fluid passing through the second heat exchanger 312 may be temporarily stored in the storage unit 330, pumped by the circulation pump 302, and transferred to the third heat exchanger 313. have.

The circulation part 300 may include a bypass part 320 for bypassing the nutritive fluid via the circulation pump 302 to the first heat exchanger 311 without passing through the third heat exchanger 313. ) May be further included.

The bypass unit 320 may include a bypass pipe 320a, a first valve 321 for supplying a nut-bearing fluid to the bypass pipe 320a or a third heat exchanger 313. It may include a second valve 324 for joining the nut nut fluid passing through the bypass pipe 320a to the main flow path.

The first valve 321 may adjust the flow to move a part or all of the nut opening fluid to the bypass pipe 320a, and likewise controls the flow rate of the nut opening fluid supplied to the third heat exchanger 313. You can also adjust. Here, the first valve 321 can adjust the flow rate of the nut medium fluid supplied to the bypass pipe 320a and the third heat exchanger 313, may be referred to as flow rate control means.

In addition, the second valve 324 may be adjusted so that the trough fluid passing through the bypass pipe 320a does not flow to the third heat exchanger 313.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the first valve 321 and the second valve 324 are provided as three-way valves, but the spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a valve installed in the bypass pipe 320a and a valve installed in front of the third heat exchanger 313 may be installed instead of the first valve 321, and the bypass pipe 320a may be installed. ) And the flow rate flowing into the third heat exchanger 313 may be achieved by simultaneous control of each valve.

In the first valve 321 and the second valve 324, when the engine 2 is operated at the full load, the third heat exchanger 313 is provided with a nut fluid through the bypass part 320. ) To be introduced into the first heat exchanger 311 without passing through), and when the engine 2 is not operated at full load, a part or all of the nut-bearing fluid may be applied to the third heat exchanger 313. It may be adjusted so that it passes through and enters the first heat exchanger 311.

The operating state of the power generation system 1 of the ship according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.

In operation of the ship, the engine 2 may be driven in a largely loaded state and not in a full load state. Here, the full load state refers to a state in which the engine is operated at a load of 100% as well as a state in which the engine is operated at a similar load to supply a sufficient amount of heat to the fruit medium fluid.

First, the case of the full load state, the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger 100 is supplied to the first heat exchanger 311 and heats the nut nut fluid circulating the circulation unit 300.

When the engine 2 is operated at full load, since a large amount of heat is contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 2, the fruit medium absorbs a large amount of heat in the first heat exchanger 311. can do. Therefore, the nutty fluid may flow into the first heat exchanger 311 after passing through the bypass unit 320 without passing through the third heat exchanger 313.

That is, the first valve 321 is adjusted to move all the nut opening fluid to the bypass pipe 320a, and the second valve 321 opens all the flow paths connected to the bypass pipe 320a. Can be adjusted.

The heating medium fluid heated in the first heat exchanger 311 flows into the second heat exchanger 312 to heat the working fluid. The working fluid absorbs heat from the second heat exchanger 312 to be vaporized and then supplied to the turbine 200.

The working fluid used to expand and generate electricity in the turbine 200 may be circulated by the pump 30 after sequentially passing through the preheater 10 and the condenser 20.

On the other hand, when the engine 2 is driven at a state other than the full load, that is, when the amount of exhaust gas generated in the engine 2 is reduced to a predetermined level or less, the amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas is a fruit medium fluid. May not be sufficient to sufficiently heat.

In this case, the circulation part 300 may allow a part of the nut borne fluid to flow into the third heat exchanger 313 to be heated in advance.

In detail, the outside air is compressed in the turbocharger 100 and the temperature is increased. The outside air having a high temperature flows into the third heat exchanger 313.

In addition, the first valve 321 allows a portion of the tide fluid to flow into the third heat exchanger 313 instead of the bypass pipe 320a.

The third heat exchanger 313 heats the heating medium by heat-exchanging the heated air and the heating medium in the turbocharger 100. That is, a portion of the nutty fluid is heated before flowing into the first heat exchanger 311.

Therefore, even if the amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas supplied to the first heat exchanger 311 is reduced, the first medium is supplied in the state that the heat medium fluid is received in advance before entering the first heat exchanger 311. The amount of heat discharged from the heat exchanger 311 may be maintained at a constant level.

In this case, the first valve 321 may adjust the flow rate of the trough fluid flowing into the third heat exchanger 313 in response to the changed load amount of the engine 2, that is, the changed exhaust gas discharge amount. In particular, the first valve 321 flows into the third heat exchanger 313 so that the amount of heat contained in the nut opening fluid flowing into the second heat exchanger 312 can be maintained at a constant level. The flow rate can be adjusted.

Even if the load of the engine 2 is changed by the configuration and method as described above, the heat amount (heat amount of the heat source of the Rankine cycle) provided to the second heat exchanger 312 can be kept constant. Therefore, the working fluid absorbs a sufficient amount of heat and can be stably evaporated, whereby the turbine 200 can be driven stably, so that the generator can generate electricity stably.

Hereinafter, a ship power generation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3. However, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that at least one or more of the first valve and the pump are controlled so that the temperature of the tide fluid flowing into the second heat exchanger is kept constant. The description thereof will be mainly given, and the same reference numerals refer to the description of the first embodiment.

3 is a view showing a power generation system of a ship according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the ship power generation system 1 ′ according to the second embodiment of the present invention, even if the load of the engine 2 is changed and the amount of exhaust gas is changed, the power generation efficiency of the turbine 400 is kept constant so that the optimum efficiency is always maintained. To make progress possible.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 3, the power generation system 1 ′ of the ship according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a temperature sensor 400 for measuring the temperature of the working fluid on the working fluid outlet side of the second heat exchanger 312. ) May be provided.

If the temperature of the nut carrier fluid flowing into the second heat exchanger 312 is constant in the system as in the embodiment of the present invention, the efficiency of the Rankine cycle including the turbine 200 may be constant.

That is, the first valve 321 may be adjusted to control the flow rate supplied to the bypass pipe 320a and the third heat exchanger 313 so that the Rankine cycle may be operated at a constant efficiency or the pump ( The flow rate of the nut medium fluid supplied to the first valve 321 may be adjusted by adjusting 302.

For example, when the load of the engine 2 is reduced, since the amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas is reduced, the first valve 321 supplies a part of the nut fluid to the third heat exchanger 313. The temperature can be raised. In addition, when the flow rate supplied from the pump 302 to the first valve 321 is reduced, the temperature of the nut-bearing fluid is changed by the amount of heat supplied from the first heat exchanger 311 and the third heat exchanger 313. Can be further increased.

On the contrary, when the load of the engine 2 is increased, the temperature of the trough fluid flowing into the second heat exchanger 312 is controlled by controlling the first valve 321 and the pump 302 as opposed to the above-described operation. Can be lowered.

Such control of the first valve 321 and the pump 302 may be performed independently or in parallel.

As a result, the temperature of the nut carrier fluid flowing into the second heat exchanger 312 may be maintained at a constant level, and the turbine 400 may be always driven at an optimum efficiency.

As described above as a specific embodiment of the power generation system of the ship according to the embodiment of the present invention, but this is only an example, the present invention is not limited to this, it is interpreted to have the broadest range in accordance with the basic idea disclosed herein Should be. Skilled artisans may implement a pattern of features that are not described in a combinatorial and / or permutational manner with the disclosed embodiments, but this is not to depart from the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be readily made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

2: engine
100: Turbocharger
200: Turbine
300: circulation
302: circulation pump
310: heat exchanger
311, 312, 313: 1st, 2, 3 heat exchanger
321: first valve
324: second valve
400: Temperature sensor

Claims (12)

A turbocharger provided in the ship and operated by exhaust gas discharged from the engine;
A turbine spaced apart from the turbocharger and driven by a working fluid; And
A circulation unit disposed between the turbocharger and the turbine and provided with a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger and a working fluid supplied to the turbine,
The heat-
A first heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange between the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger and the nut nut fluid circulating in the circulation portion; And
And a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat exchanger fluid supplied from the first heat exchanger and a working fluid supplied to the turbine. The method of claim 1,
The circulation part
And at least one circulation pump for circulation of said trough fluid. delete The method of claim 1,
The heat-
Disposed in front of the first heat exchanger,
And a third heat exchanger configured to heat the trough fluid by heat-exchanging air supplied from the turbocharger with the trough fluid. 5. The method of claim 4,
The circulation part
And a bypass unit for bypassing the nut-bearing fluid to the first heat exchanger without passing through the third heat exchanger. The method of claim 5, wherein
The bypass unit
And a control valve for regulating the flow rate of the trough fluid. The method according to claim 6,
The control valve
And a flow rate of the trough fluid supplied to the third heat exchanger in response to a load change of the engine. 3. The method of claim 2,
The circulation part
And a storage unit for temporarily storing the fruit medium fluid. The method of claim 1,
Wherein said working fluid comprises an organic compound. The method according to claim 6,
The power generation system of the ship, characterized in that for controlling the flow rate of the nut medium fluid supplied to the third heat exchanger so that the amount of heat supplied to the second heat exchanger is maintained at a constant level. The method according to claim 6,
A front end of the second heat exchanger is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heat-mediated fluid supplied to the second heat exchanger,
The control valve adjusts the flow rate of the trough fluid supplied to the third heat exchanger so that the temperature of the trough fluid supplied to the second heat exchanger is maintained at a constant level based on the sensed value of the temperature sensor. Power generation system of a ship. 3. The method of claim 2,
And the circulation pump regulates the flow rate of the trough fluid so that the temperature of the trough fluid in heat exchange with the working fluid is kept constant.

Images