JP6854262B2 - Exhaust heat recovery system - Google Patents

Exhaust heat recovery system Download PDF

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JP6854262B2
JP6854262B2 JP2018144625A JP2018144625A JP6854262B2 JP 6854262 B2 JP6854262 B2 JP 6854262B2 JP 2018144625 A JP2018144625 A JP 2018144625A JP 2018144625 A JP2018144625 A JP 2018144625A JP 6854262 B2 JP6854262 B2 JP 6854262B2
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cooling medium
condenser
temperature
air cooler
medium
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光央 鹿島
光央 鹿島
慶樹 小見
慶樹 小見
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Mitsui OSK Lines Ltd
Mitsui E&S Machinery Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、排熱回収システムに関し、より詳しくは、構造を簡素化しつつ、ディーゼル機関の掃気温度を最適な温度に制御でき、また、冷却媒体の総量をディーゼル機関の負荷に関係なく常に最小化でき、冷却媒体の供給に必要な消費動力を抑制できる排熱回収システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an exhaust heat recovery system, more specifically, it is possible to control the scavenging temperature of a diesel engine to an optimum temperature while simplifying the structure, and the total amount of cooling medium is always minimized regardless of the load of the diesel engine. It relates to an exhaust heat recovery system that can suppress the power consumption required for supplying a cooling medium.

従来、過給機からディーゼル機関に供給される掃気（過給空気）の排熱を回収する排熱回収システムが知られている（特許文献１）。この排熱回収システムにおいては、過給機からディーゼル機関に供給される掃気は、伝熱管（加熱器）により冷却される。 Conventionally, an exhaust heat recovery system for recovering exhaust heat of scavenging air (supercharged air) supplied from a supercharger to a diesel engine is known (Patent Document 1). In this exhaust heat recovery system, the scavenging air supplied from the supercharger to the diesel engine is cooled by a heat transfer tube (heater).

伝熱管においては、掃気と冷却媒体（海水等）とが熱交換することにより、冷却媒体が加熱される。加熱された冷却媒体は、排熱回収器に送られる。排熱回収器においては、冷却媒体と熱媒（沸点が冷却媒体より高い油等）とが熱交換することにより、熱媒が加熱される。排熱回収器で加熱された熱媒は、蒸発器に送られ、有機流体（作動媒体）（低分子炭化水素や代替フロン等）を加熱する。有機流体は、タービンに流入され、タービンに接続された発電機が駆動される。そして、タービンを経た有機流体は、凝縮器において凝縮され、蒸発器に戻る。凝縮器には、有機流体を冷却するための冷却媒体（海水等）が供給されている。 In the heat transfer tube, the cooling medium is heated by heat exchange between the scavenging air and the cooling medium (seawater or the like). The heated cooling medium is sent to the waste heat recovery device. In the exhaust heat recovery device, the heat medium is heated by heat exchange between the cooling medium and the heat medium (oil having a boiling point higher than that of the cooling medium, etc.). The heat medium heated by the waste heat recovery device is sent to the evaporator to heat an organic fluid (working medium) (low molecular weight hydrocarbon, CFC substitute, etc.). The organic fluid flows into the turbine and drives a generator connected to the turbine. Then, the organic fluid that has passed through the turbine is condensed in the condenser and returned to the evaporator. A cooling medium (seawater or the like) for cooling the organic fluid is supplied to the condenser.

特開２０１１−１４９３３２号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-149332

従来の排熱回収システムでは、伝熱管への冷却媒体の供給、排熱回収器への熱媒の供給及び蒸発器への有機流体の供給のためにそれぞれポンプが必要であり、構造が複雑である。 In the conventional exhaust heat recovery system, pumps are required to supply the cooling medium to the heat transfer tube, the heat medium to the exhaust heat recovery device, and the organic fluid to the evaporator, and the structure is complicated. is there.

また、従来の排熱回収システムでは、ディーゼル機関の掃気温度を最適な温度に制御しながら、かつ、ランキンサイクルに必要とされる冷却媒体の総量を抑制することができない。 Further, in the conventional exhaust heat recovery system, the scavenging temperature of the diesel engine cannot be controlled to the optimum temperature, and the total amount of the cooling medium required for the Rankine cycle cannot be suppressed.

そこで、本発明は、構造を簡素化しつつ、ディーゼル機関の掃気温度を最適な温度に制御でき、また、冷却媒体の総量をディーゼル機関の負荷に関係なく常に最小化でき、冷却媒体の供給に必要な消費動力を抑制できる排熱回収システムを提供することを課題とする。 Therefore, the present invention can control the scavenging temperature of the diesel engine to the optimum temperature while simplifying the structure, and can always minimize the total amount of the cooling medium regardless of the load of the diesel engine, which is necessary for supplying the cooling medium. An object is to provide an exhaust heat recovery system capable of suppressing a large amount of power consumption.

本発明の他の課題は、以下の記載により明らかとなる。 Other problems of the present invention will be clarified by the following description.

前記課題は、以下の各発明によって解決される。 The above problems are solved by the following inventions.

１．
ディーゼル機関に供給される掃気と、作動媒体とを熱交換させることにより該作動媒体を加熱する加熱器と、
前記加熱器を経た掃気を冷却するエアクーラと、
前記加熱器を経た作動媒体が供給されることにより発電する動力回収装置と、
前記動力回収装置を経た作動媒体を冷却し凝縮させて前記加熱器に送る凝縮器と、
前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐して冷却媒体を供給する冷却媒体供給管と、
前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量を制御するための制御弁と、
前記制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記エアクーラを経た掃気の温度が設定温度以下に維持され、かつ、前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量が設定量以下となるように、前記制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする排熱回収システム。
２．
ディーゼル機関に供給される掃気と、作動媒体とを熱交換させることにより該作動媒体を加熱する加熱器と、
前記加熱器を経た掃気を冷却するエアクーラと、
前記加熱器を経た作動媒体が供給されることにより発電する動力回収装置と、
前記動力回収装置を経た作動媒体を冷却し凝縮させて前記加熱器に送る凝縮器と、
前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐して冷却媒体を供給する冷却媒体供給管と、
前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量を制御するための制御弁と、
前記制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐される前の冷却媒体の流量が、前記エアクーラを経た掃気の温度が設定温度以下に維持され、かつ、前記凝縮器における作動媒体の冷却凝縮が可能な流量となるように、前記制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする排熱回収システム。
３．
ディーゼル機関に供給される掃気と、作動媒体とを熱交換させることにより該作動媒体を加熱する加熱器と、
前記加熱器を経た掃気を冷却するエアクーラと、
前記加熱器を経た作動媒体が供給されることにより発電する動力回収装置と、
前記動力回収装置を経た作動媒体を冷却し凝縮させて前記加熱器に送る凝縮器と、
前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐して冷却媒体を供給する冷却媒体供給管と、
前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量を制御するための制御弁と、
前記制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐される前の冷却媒体の温度と、前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器から合流した冷却媒体の温度との温度差が、前記エアクーラを経た掃気の温度が設定温度以下に維持される温度差となるように、前記制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする排熱回収システム。
４．
前記冷却媒体供給管を流れる前記冷却媒体を前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐させ、開度調整により前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器への分岐量を変える三方切替弁を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記凝縮器を経た作動媒体の温度が設定温度となるように、前記三方切替弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする前記１、２又は３記載の排熱回収システム。
５．
前記冷却媒体供給管から分岐された前記冷却媒体の前記凝縮器への供給量を制御する第２制御弁を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記凝縮器を経た作動媒体の温度が設定温度となるように、前記第２制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする前記１、２又は３記載の排熱回収システム。
６．
前記制御装置は、凝縮器に供給される冷却媒体の温度と凝縮器を経た冷却媒体の温度との温度差ΔＴが基準温度以上となったときには、前記作動媒体を前記加熱器に送る循環ポンプを停止させ、前記三方切替弁又は第２制御弁と、制御弁との開度を調整し、前記冷却媒体のほぼ全量を前記エアクーラに流し、前記循環ポンプの作動を再開したときには、前記作動媒体の温度に基づいて、前記冷却媒体を徐々に前記凝縮器側に流すことを特徴とする前記１〜５の何れかに記載の排熱回収システム。
７．
前記冷却媒体供給管に供給される冷却媒体は、この排熱回収システム外の他のシステムにも、共通の圧力源による圧力によって供給されていることを特徴とする前記１〜６の何れかに記載の排熱回収システム。 1. 1.
A heater that heats the working medium by exchanging heat between the scavenging air supplied to the diesel engine and the working medium.
An air cooler that cools the scavenging air that has passed through the heater,
A power recovery device that generates electricity by supplying an operating medium that has passed through the heater,
A condenser that cools and condenses the working medium that has passed through the power recovery device and sends it to the heater.
A cooling medium supply pipe that branches to the air cooler and the condenser to supply a cooling medium,
A control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium to the air cooler, and
A control device for controlling the control valve is provided.
The control device controls the opening degree of the control valve so that the temperature of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler is maintained below the set temperature and the amount of the cooling medium supplied to the air cooler is below the set amount. A waste heat recovery system characterized by this.
2.
A heater that heats the working medium by exchanging heat between the scavenging air supplied to the diesel engine and the working medium.
An air cooler that cools the scavenging air that has passed through the heater,
A power recovery device that generates electricity by supplying an operating medium that has passed through the heater,
A condenser that cools and condenses the working medium that has passed through the power recovery device and sends it to the heater.
A cooling medium supply pipe that branches to the air cooler and the condenser to supply a cooling medium,
A control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium to the air cooler, and
A control device for controlling the control valve is provided.
In the control device, the flow rate of the cooling medium before being branched into the air cooler and the condenser is maintained at a temperature of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler at a set temperature or lower, and the cooling condensation of the working medium in the condenser is performed. An exhaust heat recovery system characterized in that the opening degree of the control valve is controlled so as to obtain a possible flow rate.
3. 3.
A heater that heats the working medium by exchanging heat between the scavenging air supplied to the diesel engine and the working medium.
An air cooler that cools the scavenging air that has passed through the heater,
A power recovery device that generates electricity by supplying an operating medium that has passed through the heater,
A condenser that cools and condenses the working medium that has passed through the power recovery device and sends it to the heater.
A cooling medium supply pipe that branches to the air cooler and the condenser to supply a cooling medium,
A control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium to the air cooler, and
A control device for controlling the control valve is provided.
In the control device, the temperature difference between the temperature of the cooling medium before being branched into the air cooler and the condenser and the temperature of the cooling medium merged from the air cooler and the condenser is the temperature of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler. An exhaust heat recovery system characterized in that the opening degree of the control valve is controlled so that the temperature difference is maintained below a set temperature.
4.
A three-way switching valve for branching the cooling medium flowing through the cooling medium supply pipe to the air cooler and the condenser and changing the amount of branching to the air cooler and the condenser by adjusting the opening degree is provided.
The exhaust heat recovery system according to 1, 2 or 3, wherein the control device controls the opening degree of the three-way switching valve so that the temperature of the operating medium that has passed through the condenser becomes a set temperature.
5.
A second control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium branched from the cooling medium supply pipe to the condenser is provided.
The exhaust heat recovery system according to 1, 2 or 3, wherein the control device controls the opening degree of the second control valve so that the temperature of the operating medium that has passed through the condenser becomes a set temperature. ..
6.
The control device provides a circulation pump that sends the working medium to the heater when the temperature difference ΔT between the temperature of the cooling medium supplied to the condenser and the temperature of the cooling medium that has passed through the condenser becomes equal to or higher than the reference temperature. When the operation is stopped, the opening degree between the three-way switching valve or the second control valve and the control valve is adjusted, almost the entire amount of the cooling medium is passed through the air cooler, and the operation of the circulation pump is restarted, the operating medium of the operating medium is stopped. The exhaust heat recovery system according to any one of 1 to 5, wherein the cooling medium is gradually flowed to the condenser side based on the temperature.
7.
The cooling medium supplied to the cooling medium supply pipe is also supplied to other systems outside the exhaust heat recovery system by the pressure of a common pressure source, according to any one of 1 to 6 above. The exhaust heat recovery system described.

本発明によれば、構造を簡素化しつつ、ディーゼル機関の掃気温度を最適な温度に制御でき、また、冷却媒体の総量をディーゼル機関の負荷に関係なく常に最小化でき、冷却媒体の供給に必要な消費動力を抑制できる排熱回収システムを提供することができる。 According to the present invention, the scavenging temperature of the diesel engine can be controlled to the optimum temperature while simplifying the structure, and the total amount of the cooling medium can always be minimized regardless of the load of the diesel engine, which is necessary for supplying the cooling medium. It is possible to provide an exhaust heat recovery system capable of suppressing a large amount of power consumption.

本発明の第１の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the exhaust heat recovery system of 1st Embodiment of this invention. 図１に示した排熱回収システムの運転状態を示すグラフA graph showing the operating state of the exhaust heat recovery system shown in FIG. 本発明の第２の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the exhaust heat recovery system of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the exhaust heat recovery system of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第４の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the exhaust heat recovery system of 4th Embodiment of this invention.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
〔第１の実施形態〕
図１は、本発明の第１の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an exhaust heat recovery system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

本発明に係る排熱回収システムは、図１に示すように、過給機２を備えたディーゼル機関１の排熱を回収するランキンサイクルを用いたシステムである。この排熱回収システムは、主に船舶に搭載されるが、船舶以外のディーゼル機関に用いることもできる。 As shown in FIG. 1, the waste heat recovery system according to the present invention is a system using a Rankine cycle for recovering the waste heat of a diesel engine 1 provided with a supercharger 2. This waste heat recovery system is mainly mounted on ships, but can also be used for diesel engines other than ships.

この排熱回収システムにおいては、過給機２からディーゼル機関１に供給される掃気（過給空気）４は、加熱器５により冷却され、さらに、エアクーラ３により冷却される。過給機２は、圧縮機２ｂと、この圧縮機２ｂに接続されたタービン２ａとを有する。圧縮機２ｂで圧縮された掃気４は、掃気ラインを通じて加熱器５及びエアクーラ３を経て、ディーゼル機関１に供給される。 In this exhaust heat recovery system, the scavenging air (supercharged air) 4 supplied from the supercharger 2 to the diesel engine 1 is cooled by the heater 5 and further cooled by the air cooler 3. The supercharger 2 has a compressor 2b and a turbine 2a connected to the compressor 2b. The scavenging air 4 compressed by the compressor 2b is supplied to the diesel engine 1 through the scavenging line, the heater 5 and the air cooler 3.

ディーゼル機関１からの排ガスは、排気ラインを通じてタービン２ａに送られる。タービン２ａは、排ガスの膨張エネルギーによって駆動され、このタービン２ａの駆動力により圧縮機２ｂが駆動される。 The exhaust gas from the diesel engine 1 is sent to the turbine 2a through the exhaust line. The turbine 2a is driven by the expansion energy of the exhaust gas, and the compressor 2b is driven by the driving force of the turbine 2a.

加熱器５は、ディーゼル機関１に供給される掃気４と、作動媒体（有機流体）１４とを熱交換させることにより、作動媒体１４を加熱する。加熱器５を経た作動媒体１４は、動力回収装置６に供給される。この動力回収装置６は、発電機６ｂであって、供給された作動媒体１４によりタービンが回転されることによって発電する。発電機６ｂが発電する電力は、掃気４の熱を作動媒体１４を介して回収することによって得られる動力である。 The heater 5 heats the working medium 14 by exchanging heat between the scavenging air 4 supplied to the diesel engine 1 and the working medium (organic fluid) 14. The working medium 14 that has passed through the heater 5 is supplied to the power recovery device 6. The power recovery device 6 is a generator 6b, and generates electricity by rotating a turbine by a supplied working medium 14. The electric power generated by the generator 6b is the electric power obtained by recovering the heat of the scavenging air 4 via the working medium 14.

動力回収装置６を経た作動媒体１４は、凝縮器７に送られ、冷却されて凝縮される。凝縮器７を経た作動媒体１４は、加熱器５に戻される。凝縮器７からの作動媒体１４は、タンク８を経て、循環ポンプ９によって、加熱器５に戻される。循環ポンプ９は、制御装置１２によって制御される。循環ポンプ９としては、インペラをロータとして備える遠心ポンプや、ロータが一対のギアからなるギアポンプ等を用いることができる。 The working medium 14 that has passed through the power recovery device 6 is sent to the condenser 7, cooled, and condensed. The working medium 14 that has passed through the condenser 7 is returned to the heater 5. The working medium 14 from the condenser 7 is returned to the heater 5 by the circulation pump 9 via the tank 8. The circulation pump 9 is controlled by the control device 12. As the circulation pump 9, a centrifugal pump having an impeller as a rotor, a gear pump in which the rotor is composed of a pair of gears, or the like can be used.

エアクーラ３には、冷却媒体供給管１３ａから、冷却媒体１３が供給される。エアクーラ３は、加熱器５を経た掃気４と、冷却媒体１３との熱交換により、掃気４を冷却する。エアクーラ３に供給される冷却媒体１３の供給量は、三方切替弁１０及び制御弁１１によって制御される。これら三方切替弁１０及び制御弁１１は、制御装置１２によって制御される。 The cooling medium 13 is supplied to the air cooler 3 from the cooling medium supply pipe 13a. The air cooler 3 cools the scavenging air 4 by exchanging heat between the scavenging air 4 passing through the heater 5 and the cooling medium 13. The supply amount of the cooling medium 13 supplied to the air cooler 3 is controlled by the three-way switching valve 10 and the control valve 11. The three-way switching valve 10 and the control valve 11 are controlled by the control device 12.

冷却媒体供給管１３ａは、冷却媒体１３として海水や清水を供給可能に構成されていることが好ましい。この実施形態においては、冷却媒体供給管１３ａに供給される冷却媒体１３は、この排熱回収システム外の他のシステムにも、図示しない共通の圧力源（ポンプ）による圧力によって供給されている。この排熱回収システムが船舶内に設置される場合には、船舶に設置されたポンプを共用する。この場合に特に、冷却媒体１３の総量をディーゼル機関１の負荷に関係なく常に最小化でき、冷却媒体１３の供給に必要な消費動力を抑制できるという効果が顕著なものとなる。つまり、ディーゼル機関１においては冷却媒体１３の供給量が多くなって掃気４の温度Ｔ１が設定温度より低くなることには問題がないが、この排熱回収システム及び他のシステムの全体においては、冷却媒体１３の供給量に限界があるため、冷却媒体１３を適切に分配することにより、冷却媒体１３の供給に必要な消費動力を抑制できるのである。 The cooling medium supply pipe 13a is preferably configured to be able to supply seawater or fresh water as the cooling medium 13. In this embodiment, the cooling medium 13 supplied to the cooling medium supply pipe 13a is also supplied to other systems outside the exhaust heat recovery system by the pressure of a common pressure source (pump) (not shown). When this waste heat recovery system is installed in a ship, the pump installed in the ship is shared. In this case, the effect that the total amount of the cooling medium 13 can always be minimized regardless of the load of the diesel engine 1 and the power consumption required for supplying the cooling medium 13 can be suppressed becomes remarkable. That is, in the diesel engine 1, there is no problem that the supply amount of the cooling medium 13 increases and the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 becomes lower than the set temperature, but in this exhaust heat recovery system and other systems as a whole, there is no problem. Since the supply amount of the cooling medium 13 is limited, the power consumption required for the supply of the cooling medium 13 can be suppressed by appropriately distributing the cooling medium 13.

冷却媒体供給管１３ａを流れる冷却媒体１３の一部は、三方切替弁１０により、凝縮器７に分岐される。この三方切替弁１０は、開度が調整可能である。三方切替弁１０の開度に応じて、三方切替弁１０から凝縮器７に供給される冷却媒体１３の流量が調整される。三方切替弁１０は、制御装置１２によって制御される。凝縮器７においては、冷却媒体１３により、作動媒体１４が冷却され凝縮される。 A part of the cooling medium 13 flowing through the cooling medium supply pipe 13a is branched into the condenser 7 by the three-way switching valve 10. The opening degree of the three-way switching valve 10 can be adjusted. The flow rate of the cooling medium 13 supplied from the three-way switching valve 10 to the condenser 7 is adjusted according to the opening degree of the three-way switching valve 10. The three-way switching valve 10 is controlled by the control device 12. In the condenser 7, the cooling medium 13 cools and condenses the working medium 14.

制御回路１２には、エアクーラ３を経た掃気４の温度Ｔ１の検出値と、凝縮器７を経た作動媒体１４の温度Ｔ２の検出値が入力される。 The detected value of the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 passed through the air cooler 3 and the detected value of the temperature T2 of the operating medium 14 passed through the condenser 7 are input to the control circuit 12.

この排熱回収システムにおいては、制御装置１２は、エアクーラ３を経た掃気４の温度Ｔ１が設定温度以下となり、かつ、エアクーラ３への冷却媒体１３の供給量が設定量以下となるように、制御弁１１の開度を制御する。また、制御装置１２は、凝縮器７を経た作動媒体１４の温度Ｔ２が設定温度となるように、三方切替弁１０の開度を制御する。 In this exhaust heat recovery system, the control device 12 controls so that the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 passing through the air cooler 3 is equal to or less than the set temperature and the supply amount of the cooling medium 13 to the air cooler 3 is equal to or less than the set amount. The opening degree of the valve 11 is controlled. Further, the control device 12 controls the opening degree of the three-way switching valve 10 so that the temperature T2 of the operating medium 14 that has passed through the condenser 7 becomes the set temperature.

この排熱回収システムでは、エアクーラ３に供給される冷却媒体１３の一部が冷却媒体供給管１３ａから分岐して三方切替弁１０を通じて凝縮器７に導かれるので、エアクーラ３に冷却媒体１３を供給するための既存の冷却媒体ポンプを利用することにより、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７の双方に冷却媒体１３を供給することができる。すなわち、この排熱回収システムでは、凝縮器７に冷却媒体１３を供給するための専用のポンプを設けることなく、エアクーラ３に供給される冷却媒体１３の一部を凝縮器７に分岐させるという簡単な構成により掃気４の排熱を回収することができる。 In this exhaust heat recovery system, a part of the cooling medium 13 supplied to the air cooler 3 branches from the cooling medium supply pipe 13a and is guided to the condenser 7 through the three-way switching valve 10, so that the cooling medium 13 is supplied to the air cooler 3. By utilizing the existing cooling medium pump for this purpose, the cooling medium 13 can be supplied to both the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7. That is, in this waste heat recovery system, a part of the cooling medium 13 supplied to the air cooler 3 is branched to the condenser 7 without providing a dedicated pump for supplying the cooling medium 13 to the condenser 7. The exhaust heat of the scavenging 4 can be recovered by the above-mentioned configuration.

また、この本実施形態では、冷却媒体供給管１３ａは、海水又は清水を冷却媒体１３としてエアクーラ３内に供給可能に構成されており、三方切替弁１０は、海水又は清水を冷却媒体１３として凝縮器７内に供給可能に構成されている。そのため、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７に冷却媒体１３を供給するための専用の供給源を設けることなく、また、海水を利用する場合には、船舶用のディーゼル機関１に供給される掃気４の排熱を有効に回収することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the cooling medium supply pipe 13a is configured to be able to supply seawater or fresh water as the cooling medium 13 into the air cooler 3, and the three-way switching valve 10 condenses seawater or fresh water as the cooling medium 13. It is configured so that it can be supplied into the vessel 7. Therefore, the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7 are not provided with a dedicated supply source for supplying the cooling medium 13, and when seawater is used, the scavenging air 4 supplied to the marine diesel engine 1 is exhausted. The heat can be effectively recovered.

図２は、図１に示した排熱回収システムの運転状態を示すグラフである。
図２（ａ）は、制御回路１２が三方切替弁１０のみを制御した場合の冷却媒体１３の総供給量及び掃気４の温度Ｔ１を示し、図２（ｂ）は、制御回路１２が三方切替弁１０及び制御弁１１を制御した場合の冷却媒体１３の総供給量及び掃気４の温度Ｔ１を示している。 FIG. 2 is a graph showing an operating state of the exhaust heat recovery system shown in FIG.
FIG. 2A shows the total supply amount of the cooling medium 13 and the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 when the control circuit 12 controls only the three-way switching valve 10. FIG. 2B shows the control circuit 12 switching in three directions. The total supply amount of the cooling medium 13 and the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 when the valve 10 and the control valve 11 are controlled are shown.

図２（ａ）に示すように、三方切替弁１０のみを制御した場合には、冷却媒体１３の総供給量が多くなり、掃気４の温度Ｔ１が下がり傾向となるが、図２（ｂ）に示すように、三方切替弁１０及び制御弁１１を制御した場合には、冷却媒体１３の総供給量及び掃気４の温度Ｔ１ともに、最適な範囲内に制御される。 As shown in FIG. 2A, when only the three-way switching valve 10 is controlled, the total supply amount of the cooling medium 13 increases and the temperature T1 of the scavenging 4 tends to decrease, but FIG. 2B shows. As shown in the above, when the three-way switching valve 10 and the control valve 11 are controlled, both the total supply amount of the cooling medium 13 and the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 are controlled within the optimum range.

すなわち、三方切替弁１０により凝縮器７を経た作動媒体１４の温度Ｔ２を最適な温度に制御し、制御弁１１により掃気４の温度Ｔ１を最適な温度に制御することで、ランキンサイクルによる排熱回収量とディーゼル機関１の運転状態の両方を同時に最適化することができるのである。 That is, the three-way switching valve 10 controls the temperature T2 of the operating medium 14 that has passed through the condenser 7 to the optimum temperature, and the control valve 11 controls the temperature T1 of the scavenging 4 to the optimum temperature, thereby exhausting heat by the Rankine cycle. Both the recovery amount and the operating condition of the diesel engine 1 can be optimized at the same time.

このように、本発明においては、構造を簡素化しつつ、ディーゼル機関１の掃気温度を最適な温度に制御でき、また、冷却媒体１３の総量をディーゼル機関１の負荷に関係なく常に最小化でき、冷却媒体１３の供給に必要な消費動力を抑制することができる。 As described above, in the present invention, the scavenging temperature of the diesel engine 1 can be controlled to the optimum temperature while simplifying the structure, and the total amount of the cooling medium 13 can always be minimized regardless of the load of the diesel engine 1. The power consumption required for supplying the cooling medium 13 can be suppressed.

さらに、制御装置１２は、エアクーラ３からディーゼル機関１に向かう掃気４の温度Ｔ１に基づき、三方切替弁１０の開度を制御するようにしてもよい。すなわち、制御装置１２は、エアクーラ３からディーゼル機関１に向かう掃気４の温度Ｔ１が設定温度Ｔ１_max以下となるように、三方切替弁１０の開度を制御する。 Further, the control device 12 may control the opening degree of the three-way switching valve 10 based on the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 from the air cooler 3 to the diesel engine 1. That is, the control device 12 controls the opening degree of the three-way switching valve 10 so that the temperature T1 of the scavenging air 4 from the air cooler 3 to the diesel engine 1 becomes equal to or less than the set temperature T1_max.

このような制御により、掃気４からの排熱が有効に回収され、ディーゼル機関１には、エアクーラ３で適切に冷却された掃気４（設定温度Ｔ１_max以下）が供給される。また、凝縮器７への冷却媒体１３の供給量が安定し、動力回収装置６により安定的に動力を回収することができる。 By such control, the exhaust heat from the scavenging air 4 is effectively recovered, and the scavenging air 4 (set temperature T1_max or less) appropriately cooled by the air cooler 3 is supplied to the diesel engine 1. Further, the supply amount of the cooling medium 13 to the condenser 7 is stable, and the power recovery device 6 can stably recover the power.

なお、制御装置１２は、凝縮器７に供給される冷却媒体１３の温度と凝縮器７を経た冷却媒体１３の温度との温度差ΔＴが基準温度以上となったときには、排熱回収システムの保護のために、循環ポンプ９を停止させるようにしてもよい。 The control device 12 protects the exhaust heat recovery system when the temperature difference ΔT between the temperature of the cooling medium 13 supplied to the condenser 7 and the temperature of the cooling medium 13 passed through the condenser 7 becomes equal to or higher than the reference temperature. Therefore, the circulation pump 9 may be stopped.

このような制御により、排熱回収システムの損傷が抑制される。すなわち、温度差ΔＴが基準温度以上であることは、凝縮器７を経た冷却媒体１３の温度が高く、作動媒体１４の温度が高いことを意味するので、排熱回収システムを構成するシール材が損傷する虞がある。本実施形態では、温度差ΔＴが基準温度以上となったときに循環ポンプ９を停止させるので、排熱回収システムの損傷が抑制される。 Such control suppresses damage to the waste heat recovery system. That is, when the temperature difference ΔT is equal to or higher than the reference temperature, it means that the temperature of the cooling medium 13 that has passed through the condenser 7 is high and the temperature of the working medium 14 is high. There is a risk of damage. In the present embodiment, since the circulation pump 9 is stopped when the temperature difference ΔT becomes equal to or higher than the reference temperature, damage to the exhaust heat recovery system is suppressed.

このように循環ポンプ９を停止させたときには、制御装置１２は、三方切替弁１０及び制御弁１１の開度を調整して、冷却媒体１３のほぼ全量をエアクーラ３に流す。循環ポンプ９の作動を再開したときには、作動媒体１４の温度Ｔ２を見ながら、徐々に凝縮器７即に冷却媒体１３を流してゆくことになる。これにより、循環ポンプ９の作動の再開時においても、ディーゼル機関１の掃気温度を最適な温度に制御でき、また、冷却媒体１３の総量をディーゼル機関１の負荷に関係なく常に最小化でき、冷却媒体１３の供給に必要な消費動力を抑制することができる。 When the circulation pump 9 is stopped in this way, the control device 12 adjusts the opening degrees of the three-way switching valve 10 and the control valve 11 to allow almost the entire amount of the cooling medium 13 to flow to the air cooler 3. When the operation of the circulation pump 9 is restarted, the cooling medium 13 is gradually flowed immediately after the condenser 7 while observing the temperature T2 of the operating medium 14. As a result, the scavenging temperature of the diesel engine 1 can be controlled to the optimum temperature even when the operation of the circulation pump 9 is restarted, and the total amount of the cooling medium 13 can always be minimized regardless of the load of the diesel engine 1 for cooling. The power consumption required for supplying the medium 13 can be suppressed.

〔第２の実施形態〕
図３は、本発明の第２の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図である。 [Second Embodiment]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of an exhaust heat recovery system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

この排熱回収システムは、図３に示すように、三方切替弁１０に代えて、第２制御弁１０ｂを設けて構成してもよい。第２制御弁１０ｂは、冷却媒体供給管１３ａから分岐された冷却媒体１３の凝縮器７への供給量を制御する。この実施形態においては、冷却媒体供給管１３ａは、三方切替弁１０において分岐するのではなく、管そのものが単に分岐している。第２制御弁１０ｂは、冷却媒体供給管１３ａの分岐部と凝縮器７との間に設けられている。 As shown in FIG. 3, this exhaust heat recovery system may be configured by providing a second control valve 10b instead of the three-way switching valve 10. The second control valve 10b controls the supply amount of the cooling medium 13 branched from the cooling medium supply pipe 13a to the condenser 7. In this embodiment, the cooling medium supply pipe 13a is not branched at the three-way switching valve 10, but the pipe itself is simply branched. The second control valve 10b is provided between the branch portion of the cooling medium supply pipe 13a and the condenser 7.

制御装置１２は、凝縮器７を経た作動媒体１４の温度Ｔ２が設定温度となるように、第２制御弁１０ｂの開度を制御する。この制御により、前述した第１の実施形態と同様の効果が奏される。 The control device 12 controls the opening degree of the second control valve 10b so that the temperature T2 of the operating medium 14 that has passed through the condenser 7 becomes the set temperature. By this control, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above is obtained.

〔第３の実施形態〕
図４は、本発明の第３の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図である。 [Third Embodiment]
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an exhaust heat recovery system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

この排熱回収システムは、図４に示すように、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７に分岐される前の冷却媒体１３の流量Ｆ１に基づいて制御弁１１の開度を制御するようにしてもよい。すなわち、この実施形態では、制御装置１２は、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７に分岐される前の冷却媒体１３の流量Ｆ１が、エアクーラ３を経た掃気の温度Ｔ１が設定温度以下に維持され、かつ、凝縮器７における作動媒体１４の冷却凝縮が可能な流量となるように、制御弁１１の開度を制御する。この制御により、前述した第１の実施形態と同様の効果が奏される。 As shown in FIG. 4, this exhaust heat recovery system may control the opening degree of the control valve 11 based on the flow rate F1 of the cooling medium 13 before being branched into the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7. That is, in this embodiment, in the control device 12, the flow rate F1 of the cooling medium 13 before being branched into the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7 is maintained at a temperature T1 of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler 3 at a set temperature or lower, and The opening degree of the control valve 11 is controlled so that the flow rate is such that the operating medium 14 in the condenser 7 can be cooled and condensed. By this control, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above is obtained.

この実施形態においても、三方切替弁１０に代えて第２制御弁１０ｂを設け、制御装置１２により、凝縮器７を経た作動媒体１４の温度Ｔ２が設定温度となるように、第２制御弁１０ｂの開度を制御するようにしてもよい。 Also in this embodiment, the second control valve 10b is provided instead of the three-way switching valve 10, and the second control valve 10b is provided by the control device 12 so that the temperature T2 of the operating medium 14 that has passed through the condenser 7 becomes the set temperature. You may control the opening degree of.

〔第４の実施形態〕
図５は、本発明の第４の実施形態の排熱回収システムの構成を示す図である。 [Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of an exhaust heat recovery system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

この排熱回収システムは、図５に示すように、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７に分岐される前の冷却媒体１３の温度Ｔ３ａと、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７から合流した冷却媒体１３の温度Ｔ３ｂとに基づいて制御弁１１の開度を制御するようにしてもよい。すなわち、この実施形態では、制御装置１２は、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７に分岐される前の冷却媒体１３の温度Ｔ３ａと、エアクーラ３及び凝縮器７から合流した冷却媒体１３の温度Ｔ３ｂとの温度差が、エアクーラ３を経た掃気の温度Ｔ１が設定温度以下に維持される温度差となるように、制御弁１１の開度を制御する。この制御により、前述した第１の実施形態と同様の効果が奏される。 As shown in FIG. 5, this exhaust heat recovery system includes the temperature T3a of the cooling medium 13 before being branched into the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7, and the temperature T3b of the cooling medium 13 merged from the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7. The opening degree of the control valve 11 may be controlled based on the above. That is, in this embodiment, the control device 12 has a temperature T3a of the cooling medium 13 before being branched into the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7, and a temperature T3b of the cooling medium 13 merged from the air cooler 3 and the condenser 7. The opening degree of the control valve 11 is controlled so that the difference is a temperature difference in which the temperature T1 of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler 3 is maintained below the set temperature. By this control, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above is obtained.

この実施形態においても、三方切替弁１０に代えて第２制御弁１０ｂを設け、制御装置１２により、凝縮器７を経た作動媒体１４の温度Ｔ２が設定温度となるように、第２制御弁１０ｂの開度を制御するようにしてもよい。 Also in this embodiment, the second control valve 10b is provided instead of the three-way switching valve 10, and the second control valve 10b is provided by the control device 12 so that the temperature T2 of the operating medium 14 that has passed through the condenser 7 becomes the set temperature. You may control the opening degree of.

なお、上述した各実施形態は、すべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上述した実施形態の説明ではなく特許請求の範囲によって示され、さらに特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれる。 It should be noted that each of the above-described embodiments should be considered to be exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims rather than the description of the embodiment described above, and further includes all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

１ ディーゼル機関
２ 過給機
２ａ タービン
２ｂ 圧縮機
３ エアクーラ
４ 掃気
５ 加熱器
６ 動力回収装置
６ｂ 発電機
７ 凝縮器
８ タンク
９ 循環ポンプ
１０ 三方切替弁
１１ 制御弁
１２ 制御装置
１３ 冷却媒体
１４ 作動媒体 1 Diesel engine 2 Supercharger 2a Turbine 2b Compressor 3 Air cooler 4 Scavenging 5 Heater 6 Power recovery device 6b Generator 7 Condenser 8 Tank 9 Circulation pump 10 Three-way switching valve 11 Control valve 12 Control device 13 Cooling medium 14 Operating medium

Claims (7)

ディーゼル機関に供給される掃気と、作動媒体とを熱交換させることにより該作動媒体を加熱する加熱器と、
前記加熱器を経た掃気を冷却するエアクーラと、
前記加熱器を経た作動媒体が供給されることにより発電する動力回収装置と、
前記動力回収装置を経た作動媒体を冷却し凝縮させて前記加熱器に送る凝縮器と、
前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐して冷却媒体を供給する冷却媒体供給管と、
前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量を制御するための制御弁と、
前記制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記エアクーラを経た掃気の温度が設定温度以下に維持され、かつ、前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量が設定量以下となるように、前記制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする排熱回収システム。 A heater that heats the working medium by exchanging heat between the scavenging air supplied to the diesel engine and the working medium.
An air cooler that cools the scavenging air that has passed through the heater,
A power recovery device that generates electricity by supplying an operating medium that has passed through the heater,
A condenser that cools and condenses the working medium that has passed through the power recovery device and sends it to the heater.
A cooling medium supply pipe that branches to the air cooler and the condenser to supply a cooling medium,
A control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium to the air cooler, and
A control device for controlling the control valve is provided.
The control device controls the opening degree of the control valve so that the temperature of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler is maintained below the set temperature and the amount of the cooling medium supplied to the air cooler is below the set amount. A waste heat recovery system characterized by this. ディーゼル機関に供給される掃気と、作動媒体とを熱交換させることにより該作動媒体を加熱する加熱器と、
前記加熱器を経た掃気を冷却するエアクーラと、
前記加熱器を経た作動媒体が供給されることにより発電する動力回収装置と、
前記動力回収装置を経た作動媒体を冷却し凝縮させて前記加熱器に送る凝縮器と、
前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐して冷却媒体を供給する冷却媒体供給管と、
前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量を制御するための制御弁と、
前記制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐される前の冷却媒体の流量が、前記エアクーラを経た掃気の温度が設定温度以下に維持され、かつ、前記凝縮器における作動媒体の冷却凝縮が可能な流量となるように、前記制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする排熱回収システム。 A heater that heats the working medium by exchanging heat between the scavenging air supplied to the diesel engine and the working medium.
An air cooler that cools the scavenging air that has passed through the heater,
A power recovery device that generates electricity by supplying an operating medium that has passed through the heater,
A condenser that cools and condenses the working medium that has passed through the power recovery device and sends it to the heater.
A cooling medium supply pipe that branches to the air cooler and the condenser to supply a cooling medium,
A control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium to the air cooler, and
A control device for controlling the control valve is provided.
In the control device, the flow rate of the cooling medium before being branched into the air cooler and the condenser is maintained at a temperature of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler at a set temperature or lower, and the cooling condensation of the working medium in the condenser is performed. An exhaust heat recovery system characterized in that the opening degree of the control valve is controlled so as to obtain a possible flow rate. ディーゼル機関に供給される掃気と、作動媒体とを熱交換させることにより該作動媒体を加熱する加熱器と、
前記加熱器を経た掃気を冷却するエアクーラと、
前記加熱器を経た作動媒体が供給されることにより発電する動力回収装置と、
前記動力回収装置を経た作動媒体を冷却し凝縮させて前記加熱器に送る凝縮器と、
前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐して冷却媒体を供給する冷却媒体供給管と、
前記エアクーラへの前記冷却媒体の供給量を制御するための制御弁と、
前記制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐される前の冷却媒体の温度と、前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器から合流した冷却媒体の温度との温度差が、前記エアクーラを経た掃気の温度が設定温度以下に維持される温度差となるように、前記制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする排熱回収システム。 A heater that heats the working medium by exchanging heat between the scavenging air supplied to the diesel engine and the working medium.
An air cooler that cools the scavenging air that has passed through the heater,
A power recovery device that generates electricity by supplying an operating medium that has passed through the heater,
A condenser that cools and condenses the working medium that has passed through the power recovery device and sends it to the heater.
A cooling medium supply pipe that branches to the air cooler and the condenser to supply a cooling medium,
A control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium to the air cooler, and
A control device for controlling the control valve is provided.
In the control device, the temperature difference between the temperature of the cooling medium before being branched into the air cooler and the condenser and the temperature of the cooling medium merged from the air cooler and the condenser is the temperature of the scavenging air passing through the air cooler. An exhaust heat recovery system characterized in that the opening degree of the control valve is controlled so that the temperature difference is maintained below a set temperature. 前記冷却媒体供給管を流れる前記冷却媒体を前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器に分岐させ、開度調整により前記エアクーラ及び前記凝縮器への分岐量を変える三方切替弁を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記凝縮器を経た作動媒体の温度が設定温度となるように、前記三方切替弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする請求項１、２又は３記載の排熱回収システム。 A three-way switching valve for branching the cooling medium flowing through the cooling medium supply pipe to the air cooler and the condenser and changing the amount of branching to the air cooler and the condenser by adjusting the opening degree is provided.
The exhaust heat recovery system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the control device controls the opening degree of the three-way switching valve so that the temperature of the operating medium that has passed through the condenser becomes a set temperature. .. 前記冷却媒体供給管から分岐された前記冷却媒体の前記凝縮器への供給量を制御する第２制御弁を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記凝縮器を経た作動媒体の温度が設定温度となるように、前記第２制御弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする請求項１、２又は３記載の排熱回収システム。 A second control valve for controlling the supply amount of the cooling medium branched from the cooling medium supply pipe to the condenser is provided.
The waste heat recovery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the control device controls the opening degree of the second control valve so that the temperature of the operating medium that has passed through the condenser becomes a set temperature. system. 前記制御装置は、凝縮器に供給される冷却媒体の温度と凝縮器を経た冷却媒体の温度との温度差ΔＴが基準温度以上となったときには、前記作動媒体を前記加熱器に送る循環ポンプを停止させ、前記三方切替弁又は第２制御弁と、制御弁との開度を調整し、前記冷却媒体のほぼ全量を前記エアクーラに流し、前記循環ポンプの作動を再開したときには、前記作動媒体の温度に基づいて、前記冷却媒体を徐々に前記凝縮器側に流すことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の排熱回収システム。 The control device provides a circulation pump that sends the working medium to the heater when the temperature difference ΔT between the temperature of the cooling medium supplied to the condenser and the temperature of the cooling medium that has passed through the condenser becomes equal to or higher than the reference temperature. When the operation is stopped, the opening degree between the three-way switching valve or the second control valve and the control valve is adjusted, almost the entire amount of the cooling medium is passed through the air cooler, and the operation of the circulation pump is restarted, the operating medium of the operating medium is stopped. The exhaust heat recovery system according to claim 4 , wherein the cooling medium is gradually flowed to the condenser side based on the temperature. 前記冷却媒体供給管に供給される冷却媒体は、この排熱回収システム外の他のシステムにも、共通の圧力源による圧力によって供給されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜６の何れかに記載の排熱回収システム。 Any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cooling medium supplied to the cooling medium supply pipe is also supplied to other systems other than the waste heat recovery system by the pressure of a common pressure source. Exhaust heat recovery system described in.
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