KR101357487B1 - Composition for preventing russet occurrence in apples - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for preventing rust of apples, and provides a composition for preventing rust of apples, comprising chitosan and extracts as an active ingredient. The present invention also provides a method for preventing apple rust by spraying the composition with an effective amount of the composition. More specifically, the method of spraying the apple provides a method for preventing apple rust, characterized in that the foliar spraying method.

Description

Composition for preventing russet occurrence in apples}

The present invention relates to a composition for preventing copper rust of apples and a method for preventing apple rust by spraying an effective amount of the composition on apples.

The copper rust of apples occurs abundantly in Goldendensius, abundantly in ruby, tsugaru, and yanggwang, and also occurs in gamhong, a domestic breed. Although there is a difference in degree, in other varieties, it is common that the surface of the fruit becomes rough and the merchandise deteriorates. Copper rust shows a symptom that the skin is not smooth but rough like iron rust. The rough material is cork tissue, which is formed by protruding out of the cuticle layer, the outer layer of epidermal cells. 10-40 days after the fall, the cuticle layer that protects the skin is under development, so rust is likely to be caused by internal and external stimuli. In particular, the rust-prone varieties contain less waxy substances that make up the cuticle layer and produce very poor cuticles. Therefore, the cuticles are easily exposed to the cuticle due to the enlargement of the fruit. The cambium is developed to form cork cells. Humidity conditions inhibit the development of cuticles, and in the strong water, the variability of fruit hypertrophy is severe, and copper rust is more likely to occur because of cracking of cuticles. In addition, since the vicinity of the neck and neck is rapidly enlarged in the lateral section, more copper rust occurs than the central section. In addition, direct sunlight, weakness, disease, low temperature, mechanical wounds, etc. also promote the occurrence of copper rust. Microorganisms growing on the epidermis of apple fruit are known to cause copper rust by degrading the cuticle layer on the fruit surface by enzymatic dissolution of the cuticle as well as the physical force such as the growth of mold.

The occurrence of copper rust degrades the quality and shelf life of the fruits and causes a decline in farm income. It is safest to put a small bag within 10 days after the fall, but it is labor-intensive, difficult to secure manpower by hand, and work on a ladder has a problem in working efficiency.

Recently, studies have been conducted to induce bone regeneration in bone defects by adsorbing chitosan on the surface of the hair to form a uniform coating film, forming a gel at low pH, and forming a barrier film using chitosan (Lee et al., 2000). Finisie et al., 2001). In addition to antimicrobial properties, chitosan is known to inhibit microorganism growth better with lower molecular weight and higher degree of deacetylation.

Korean patent application 2003-0003707 discloses chitosan jelly using a natural agar as a gelling agent. By preparing chitosan jelly, it is convenient to take chitonic acid.

Korean Patent Application No. 2005-0076068 discloses a composition for controlling chitosan oligosaccharide-containing plant diseases. Chitosan oligosaccharides having a molecular weight of 3000 or less are said to have excellent preventive and therapeutic effects on plant late blight, rust, anthrax or blast.

Korean Patent Application No. 2009-0035994 discloses an antibiotic comprising a low molecular water soluble chitosan and derivatives thereof. It has been reported that low molecular water soluble chitosan has excellent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic yeast molds and fungi forming mycelium. Low molecular water-soluble chitosan has little cytotoxicity and is useful as a safe antibiotic for humans. The chitosan used was a low molecular water soluble chitosan of 30 kilo daltons or less. Pathogenic fungi Pathogenic fungi A. fumigactus (ATCC 6145), A. Paracitus (ATCC 6598), B. Cinerea (KACC 40573), F. Solani (KCTC 6326), F. Oxysperum ( ATCC 16909) and P. Berkosum (KCTC 6265) also have antifungal effects.

Patent application 1999-0048809 discloses a natural antioxidant component extracted from the oleander.

Patent application 2002-0095330 discloses a sound fungus exhibiting a fungal effect, and discloses an effect on athlete's foot, eczema, dandruff, and the like.

Patent application 2003-0007950 discloses a composition for controlling plant powdery mildew containing Pleurotus eryngii extract.

In patent application 2009-0062536, Rumes herbicide activity using angelicin isolated by crispus ).

However, none of the above papers found that a mixture of chitosan and numpy is useful for preventing rust of apples.

The present inventors have completed the present invention by using chitosan as an electrodeposition agent and confirming that foliar spraying of the mixture of the oleander and chitosan on the surface of the apple can naturally form a coating layer and prevent copper rust formation.

The present invention is to provide a composition for preventing apple rust, comprising chitosan and extract extract as an active ingredient. It is also to provide a method for preventing apple rust by spraying the effective amount of the composition on the apple.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, claims and drawings.

The first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for preventing apple rust, comprising chitosan and extract of the oleander as an active ingredient. Chitosan extract is a low molecular weight chitosan. After dissolving the chitosan of the polymer in the lactic acid solution, the polymer chitosan solution is decomposed using the Lysopus oligospores to prepare a chitosan solution having a low molecular weight. Patent No. 10-0992213 for low molecular weight of chitosan using the present invention of Lyzopus can be prepared by referring to Example 1 of a low molecular chitosan production method and a chitosan-containing plant using the same. It is preferable that the molecular weight of chitosan is low molecular weight chitosan. The average molecular weight of chitosan is not limited thereto, but the average molecular weight is preferably in the range of 500 to 10,000 Daltons or less. In order to make the molecular weight of chitosan too small, the manufacturing process takes a long time, and when the size of the molecular weight is too large, it is difficult to obtain a plant disease control effect by chitosan.

Roots extract can be extracted using a water solution, an alcohol or an organic solvent by grinding the grounds. Since it is already disclosed in Patent Application No. 2002-0095330, Patent Application 2003-0007950, Patent Application 2009-0062536, one of ordinary skill in the art can prepare a extract of the soybean using a variety of methods. Preferably, an alcohol extract may be used, and the alcohol may be C ₁ -C ₄ lower alcohol. Even more preferably, an ethanol extract that is harmless to the human body may be used. The extract may be used by filtration, concentration through an additional process.

Mixing the low molecular weight chitosan and extract extract concentrate provides a composition for preventing rust according to the present invention. The low molecular weight chitosan and the extract extract may be mixed in a ratio of 1: 100 to 1000: 1 by weight. When the amount of low molecular weight chitosan is too small, it is difficult to form a coating, and when the concentration of the extract is too small, the effect of plant disease control may be reduced. In addition to the extract may be additionally added to the plant disease or active adjuvant.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of preventing apple rust by spraying the apple with the effective amount of the composition. More specifically, the method of spraying the apple provides a method for preventing apple rust, characterized in that the foliar spraying method.

The composition consisting of chitosan and extracts used in the present invention showed the effect of preventing copper rust when sprayed on the actual apple. The cause of copper rust may be caused by plant diseases but may also be caused by physical and chemical stresses. To prevent copper rust, the cuticle layer must be well coated to protect it, and more effective if it can block the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The composition according to the present invention is the antifungal effect of chitosan, the ability to form a coating in addition to the antibacterial effect, the antifungal effect, antibacterial effect and antioxidant effect of the squirrel combined action to cut the cuticle layer of the apple from the external stimulus Seems to protect well. Moreover, since chitosan and oxal used are useful ingredients for the human body, such a coating further increases the marketability of the apple. Therefore, when using the composition of the present invention, it is not necessary to cover the operation of the bag can improve the work efficiency and increase the marketability of apples.

The present invention can supply safer agricultural products to consumers by using natural materials without using chemical pesticides, and are free of rust and have no environmental pollution.

Figure 1 shows the effect of preventing rust on honghong variety. (A) untreated control, (B) after 2 months 20 days after the third treatment.
Figure 2 shows the effect of preventing rust on the varnish varieties. (A) is the untreated control, (B) is 3 months after the first treatment.
Figure 3 shows the rust protection effect on the varieties of sunlight. (A) is the untreated control, (B) is 5 months after the first treatment.
Figure 4 shows the results of observing the copper rust generation site of the Yang varieties under a microscope. (A) is an 80-time microscope (B) is a 400-times optical microscope observation result.
5 is a result of observing the rust generating site of the hongmhong variety under a microscope. (A) is an 80-time microscope (B) is a 400-times optical microscope observation result.
6 is a result of observing the healthy tissue of the healthy site with a microscope. (A) A positive 400x optical microscope (B) is a magenta 400x optical microscope observation result.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention more specifically, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Chitosan Extract

 1. Manufacture of low molecular weight chitosan

After dissolving the chitosan of the polymer in the lactic acid solution, a high molecular weight chitosan solution was prepared by decomposing the polymer chitosan solution by using the Lysopus oligosporus (patent 10-0992213 low molecular chitosan production method and Method of producing chitosan-containing plants using the same Example 1). The process of lowering high molecular weight chitosan is as follows. Slowly add chitosan to a solution of 2% lactic acid (970: 22.2), mix well to dissolve in the solution, and leave it for 30 days at 30 ° C. After chitosan is completely dissolved, the color becomes clear. Mix well. The top of the container containing chitosan was sealed with an airy cloth (gauze) and shaken for 10 days. The average molecular weight of the used polymer chitosan was about 250,000, and the molecular weight of chitosan was about 1300 after 10 days of fermentation. Therefore, it was found that the high molecular weight chitosan.

2. Whiter Extract

In order to increase the efficiency of extraction, the extract was subjected to the first grinding process using a mill (pin mill, Korea powder machine), and then extracted by shaking 2L of 75% ethanol to 1Kg of each ground product for 4 hours. . The extract obtained through this process was filtered using paper filter paper (Watman), and then concentrated 5 to 6 times using a rotary vacuum evaporator (Eyela, Japan) to obtain respective concentrates.

3. Manufacture of Low Molecular Chitosan-Russian Extract Concentrate

The low molecular weight chitosan and the extract were mixed 100: 1 by weight, respectively, to prepare a low molecular weight chitosan-the extract.

< Example  2> calomel  For varieties Dongnok  Prevention effect

A seven-year-old Gam-hong / 10a cultivar was disclosed and a 500-fold amount of plant paraffin (Comparative Example: Avion Corporation, Ilsan, product name: Avion-E) aqueous solution and 1000-fold low-molecular chitosan-aqueous solution of Pleurotus after 1 week and 2 weeks later After 3 weeks, foliar spray was applied once. The throughput of the chemical solution was sprayed using a 500-fold plant paraffin aqueous solution and 1000-fold chitosan-Ariquis aqueous solution using 10 L of packed spraying machines (Hanil SP). As a result, honghong cultivar was first found in control group after about 5 weeks of deciduousness, and after 3 weeks of deciduous treatment, it was the smallest in the treated group treated with 1000-fold chitosan-sadum aqueous solution. The percentage of fruits present was over 80% (Table 1). Figure 1 shows the effect of preventing rust on honghong variety. (A) is the untreated control, (B) is 2 months and 20 days after the third treatment. 5 is a result of observing the rust generating site of the hongmhong variety under a microscope. (A) is an 80-time microscope (B) is a 400-times optical microscope observation result. Fig. 6 (B) shows the results of observing the healthy tissue of the healthy region of the deep red under a microscope.

Treatment calomel Control 500 times after 1 week
Plant Paraffin Solution 1000 times after 1 week
Chitosan-Aqueous Aqueous Solution Commodity rate (%) 23.5 71.2 83.9 Apple sugar (brix) 15.2 15.3 15.0 Apple Size (g) 423 427 425 * Comparison of treatments compared treatments with the best effect according to the treatment time of plant paraffin and natural products.
* The rate of commodity surveys the percentage of fruit that can be sold to the normal fruit after harvest.

< Example  3> Light  For varieties Dongnok  Prevention effect

Disclosed the performance of Yanggwang / 10a cultivar and a 500-fold solution of plant paraffin (Comparative Example: Avion Corporation, Japan, Avion-E) solution and 1000-fold low-molecular chitosan-aqueous aqueous solution 1 week after, 2 weeks, 3 After each week, foliar spraying was performed once. The throughput of the chemical solution was sprayed using a 500-fold plant paraffin aqueous solution and 1000-fold chitosan-Ariquis aqueous solution by 10 L of each sprayer using a filling sprayer (Hanil SP). As a result, copper cultivars were first found in control group on June 3, about 3 weeks after the deciduous variety, and after 1 week of deciduous treatment, copper rust was the smallest in treatments treated with 1000-fold chitosan-sadum aqueous solution. The percentage of fruit that can be sold was over 85% (Table 2). Figure 2 shows the effect of preventing rust on the varnish varieties. (A) is the untreated control, (B) is 3 months after the first treatment. Figure 3 shows the rust protection effect on the varieties of sunlight. (A) is the untreated control, (B) is 5 months after the first treatment. Figure 4 is a result of observing the copper rust generation site of the yangwang variety under a microscope. (A) is an 80-time microscope (B) is a 400-times optical microscope observation result. Fig. 6 (A) shows the results of observing the wholesome tissue of the healthy part of the sheep under a microscope.

Treatment Light Control 500 times after 1 week
Plant Paraffin Solution 1000 times after 1 week
Chitosan-Aqueous Aqueous Solution Commodity rate (%) 31.2 78.4 87.8 Apple sugar (brix) 14.9 14.9 15.0 Apple Size (g) 375 382 385 * Comparison of treatments compared treatments with the best effect according to the treatment time of plant paraffin and natural products.
* The rate of commodity surveys the percentage of fruit that can be sold to the normal fruit after harvest.

Claims (11)

The composition for preventing rust, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of low molecular weight chitosan and extracts as an active ingredient. The method of claim 1, wherein the low-molecular chitosan is a composition for preventing rust, characterized in that the low-molecular chitosan by the Lysopus oligosporus bacteria. The composition of claim 2, wherein the low molecular weight chitosan has an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 Daltons. The composition for preventing rust of claim 1, wherein the extract is an alcoholic extract of the extract. 5. The antirust composition according to claim 4, wherein the extract is a lower alcohol extract of C ₁ -C ₄ . The composition for preventing rust of claim 5, wherein the extract is an ethanol extract. The composition for preventing rust of claim 1, wherein the low molecular weight chitosan and extract are extracted from a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 1000: 1. According to claim 7, wherein the composition for preventing rust, the low molecular weight chitosan is mixed with 2% lactic acid solution to slowly add the chitosan to dissolve well in the solution and left to stand at 30 ℃ for about one day, then the chitosan is completely dissolved to clear the color After mixing with the metabolites of the Lysopus oligosperus bacteria, the top of the barrel containing chitosan is sealed with a well-ventilated cloth (gauze) and shaken for 10 days to prepare the extract. After the grinding process, add 2L of 75% ethanol to 1Kg of each pulverized product, shake extract at 80 ° C for 4 hours, filter using paper filter paper, and concentrate by 5 ~ 6 times using vacuum rotary concentrator. And, the low-molecular chitosan and extract extract concentrations, characterized in that prepared by mixing 100: 1 by weight, respectively. A method of preventing rust of apples, wherein the composition according to claim 1 is sprayed on the apples to prevent rust of apples. A method of preventing rust of apples, wherein the composition according to claim 8 is sprayed on the apples to prevent rust of apples.  The method for preventing apple rust according to any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the method of spraying the apples is a foliar spraying method.

Images