KR100796033B1 - The measurement method for perpendicular point making use of raise climber - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a surveying method used in the drilling of advanced mines in the vertical ball construction of a pole tunnel. The vertical position surveying method using a raise climber according to the present invention is carried out while moving a target, which is a reference point of vertical surveying, to the upper side. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the survey distance within the visible distance, so that it is easy to secure the field of view from the work table of the raise climber during the survey of the vertical position, it is possible to accurately survey and prevent the occurrence of survey error.

Pole Tunnel, Raise Climber, Vertical Hole, Vertical Positioning

Description

The measurement method for perpendicular point making use of raise climber}

1 is a view schematically showing the process of drilling the advanced shaft for the construction of the vertical shaft of the pole tunnel, Figure 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the installation state of the workshop and the raise climber, Figure 1 (b) is a raise climber A cross-sectional view showing a state in which the excavation process is proceeding to the upper portion by using.

Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the rise climber used for vertical tunnel excavation.

3 is a view schematically showing a state in which a steel bar for measurement is installed in the upper end of the rail according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a side view showing a process for moving the surveying steel rods from the lower rail to the upper rail installed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 (a) is separated from the measurement steel bar combined with the lower rail Figure 4 (b) is a side view showing a state in which the steel bar for surveying is separated from the lower rail and coupled to the upper rail.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the vertical position measurement by the measurement steel rod in the initial drilling state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of measuring a vertical position by a measurement steel rod and a moving reference point target in a state in which vertical rig drilling is further progressed after the initial survey; FIG.

7 is a signal flow diagram showing the overall process of the vertical position measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

* Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

10: horizontal tunnel 20: vertical hole

30: Workshop 40: Raise Climber Unit

50: guide rail 60: workbench

70: anchor 80: steel bar for surveying

90: vertical survey means 100: reference point target

200: Buoyancy 300: power source

The present invention relates to a surveying method used in the drilling of advanced mines in a vertical tunnel construction, and more specifically, vertical surveying using a measurement steel rod installed at an upper end of a guide rail fixed to a vertical sphere sidewall and a reference point moved upward. The present invention relates to a vertical position surveying method using a raise climber that can be surveyed even when a visible distance is not secured.

In general, a tunnel that requires separate work, ventilation holes, or special equipment is defined as a pole tunnel in terms of facilities such as ventilation, facilities, and excavated air during construction.To construct such a horizontal pole tunnel, a work zone or a ventilation facility is defined. It is necessary to dig a vertical tunnel.

In other words, in the case of a long horizontal tunnel, polluted air and fine dust generated by vehicle traffic are not discharged to the outside, and the congestion is prevented inside the tunnel, or when a fire occurs in the tunnel, smoke is stored for safety inside the tunnel. Ventilation is required to discharge to the outside. Therefore, as a way to solve this problem, a vertical shaft should be installed as an intake and exhaust passage to allow atmospheric circulation to the outside, and a RBM (Raise Boring Machine) method, RC (Raise Climber) method, etc. as a method for excavating the vertical shaft. Is used.

The RBM method has the advantage of high safety because it is excavated by mechanical equipment and is not affected by ventilation and blasting, but the construction efficiency is lowered in the area of high rock strength, and when it is constructed in soft rock or weathered rock area, it is excavated by the collapse of the side wall. There is a problem in that it is difficult to reduce the vertical error when the guide hole is deflected and drilled, and there is a problem that a high technical scale is required for construction.

On the other hand, the RC method is difficult to apply in poor ground conditions (single zone, weak ground section) because the rail is attached to the wall without installing the supporting material. Excavation can be carried out while varying the size and complex shape or the size of the pit, which is advantageous in drilling a vertical shaft than the RBM method.

Thus, the RC method has been used in all types of rock, all types of shafts, pilots and front raisings worldwide, especially in construction and mining sites, especially for long vertical digging. And it is recognized as the most suitable method for digging more than 40 degrees.

The RC (Raise Climber) method uses a workbench consisting of a rack and pinion system that moves along a guide rail with an anchor on the wall when the work space is secured under the vertical sphere and drills and drills. and Blast), and proceeds repeatedly in the order of perforation, charging, blasting, ventilation, and pumice to excavate vertical spheres of various areas ranging from 3 to 30 m 2 upwards.

As described above, the excavation of the vertical tunnel using the Raise Climber is repeated after the excavation of the vertical shaft of a certain height by the above drilling and blasting, and then the same process is repeated again. In order to form a to be precisely surveyed in the vertical direction by the reference point set in the lower workplace, the surveying is carried out to the upper part, the greater the importance of the survey as the excavation work proceeds to the top. In addition, the advanced tunnel must be accurately excavated to install a vertical tunnel, which is an intake and exhaust passage, by expanding the work using it.

As described above, as a method for accurately measuring the vertical position of advanced mines during the execution of the RC method, a method of using a laser beam and a method of using a chimney have been used.

The method of using the laser beam is a method of measuring the exact position by targeting the reference point using a laser beam while installing a reference point in the lower work place while the excavation work in the laser climber, the method using a vertebra It is a method of surveying by aiming the vertebrae from an eimmer to a target installed in a lower workshop.

1 is a view schematically showing the process of drilling the advanced shaft for the construction of the vertical tunnel of the pole tunnel, Figure 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the installation state of the workshop and the raise climber, Figure 1 (b) is a raise climber It is a cross-sectional view showing a state that is proceeding the excavation process to the upper using. Referring to Figure 1 describes the method of excavating the advanced mine using the above-described measurement method as follows.

First, the workstation is installed in a place where a vertical tunnel is to be installed (station: a space and a moving passage for installing a laser climber), and a laser climbing unit is installed by connecting a guide rail to a side wall of a place where the vertical sphere is to be installed. Drilling and blasting at the end of the vertical sphere excavation point using the workbench moving along, followed by the process of identifying the center point arranged in the work place using a laser or a pinch, and repeating the above process while excavating upward Will be done.

In other words, the operator should climb up to the top of the advanced gangway near the top of the advanced pit, and then survey by lowering and using the laser.In this case, after installing the center point in the workshop, Since the excavation must be completed by using one point, in the case of a long tunnel, the center point may be lost in the event of water generation or survey error, and in case of water generation, the center point of the lower part may not be visible due to poor visibility. It cannot but occur, and if an error occurs, the generated error cannot be reduced.

In other words, such a conventional method of using a laser or a method of measuring a cone is possible in a range where the field of view is secured from a work surface of a laser climber. However, when the excavation height of the advanced pit is very high, for example, 100 m or more. Since the field of view is not secured from the workbench of the laser climber, accurate surveying is impossible, and most water is generated during the excavation of the vertical shaft, and in this case, there is a problem in that it is difficult to measure by laser or chimney.

In addition, when the vertical surveying is not accurate as described above, a measurement error occurs, and thus, the advanced pit excavated out of the vertical center has a problem in that the reconstruction is required in order to excavate the accurate pit.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, the technical problem of the present invention is to install a steel bar on the guide rail is fixed to the side wall of the laser riser in a long vertical tunnel construction It is to provide a vertical position surveying method using a laser riser that can be precisely surveyed and prevents the occurrence of a survey error by moving the center point to the vertical surveying, making it easy to secure a field of view from the work table of the laser climber.

Vertical position measurement method of the present invention for achieving the above technical problem,

In the vertical position surveying method of excavating the advanced tunnel of a long tunnel using a race climber,

A first step of drilling an initial vertical sphere in a horizontal tunnel ceiling at a position where the vertical sphere is to be excavated and installing a station;

A second step of installing a laser riser unit on the ceiling of the horizontal tunnel and the side walls of the initial vertical sphere;

A third step of drilling, blasting, charging, blasting, ventilating and pumice the blast holes in the vertical sphere using the workbench of the unit, and then installing the guide rails to the vicinity of the closed vertical sphere;

A fourth step of installing a plurality of measurement steel bars horizontally at an upper end of the rail and connecting vertical measurement means to ends of the steel bars;

A fifth step of installing a reference point target at a bottom of a horizontal tunnel positioned in a vertically downward direction of the vertical sphere;

A sixth step of measuring a vertical position between a steel rod installed on an upper end of the rail and a reference point target disposed on a bottom of the horizontal tunnel;

A seventh step of separating a steel bar installed at the upper end of the rail from the rail and indicating a position at which a reference point is to be installed at a rail point at which the steel bar is installed;

An eighth step of drilling, blasting, charging, ventilating, and sedimenting the blast holes in the vertical sphere membrane using the workbench of the laser climber unit and installing the guide rails to the vicinity of the membrane of the excavated vertical sphere;

A ninth step of installing a plurality of measurement steel bars horizontally at an upper end of the rail and connecting vertical measurement means to ends of the steel bars;

A tenth step of installing the reference point target on the rail indicated by the reference point installation position in the seventh step;

An eleventh step of surveying a vertical position between the steel rod installed on the upper rail and the reference point target installed in the tenth step; And

The seventh to eleventh steps may be repeated until excavation of the vertical sphere is completed.

One end of the measurement steel bar is preferably fixed to the upper end of the rail by a fixed plate and the other end is connected to the vertical measurement means.

Here, the vertical measurement means may use a vertical machine or a measuring weight.

On the other hand, one end of the measurement steel bar is preferably configured to be easily fixed and separated by screwing or uneven binding means to the fixing plate.

In addition, the fixing plate serves to fix the measurement steel bar to the upper end of the guide rail, it is preferable to be configured to be easily fixed and separated on the top of the guide rail using a screw coupling or uneven binding means.

It is preferable to provide two measurement steel bars in order to display the exact position on a horizontal plane (x-y coordinates).

One side of the reference point target is provided with a connecting means that can be fixed to any point on the guide rail while maintaining the target horizontal, the connecting means may be configured by a clamp or the like formed on one side of the target.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a vertical position measurement method using a race climber according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the rise climber used in the vertical tunnel excavation, Figure 3 is a view schematically showing a state in which the measuring rod is installed on the upper end of the rail according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 As a side view showing the process of moving the steel bar for surveying according to an embodiment of the present invention from the lower rail to the upper rail is additionally installed, Figure 4 (a) is a state before the separation of the steel bar for measurement combined with the lower rail 4 (b) is a side view showing a state in which the steel bar for measurement is separated from the lower rail and coupled to the upper rail.

In addition, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the vertical position of the measurement by the measurement rod in the initial drilling state according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 is for the survey in a state that the vertical rig excavation further advanced after the initial measurement 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating vertical position measurement by a steel rod and a moving reference point target, and FIG. 7 is a signal flow diagram illustrating an entire process of a vertical position measurement method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

2 to 7, the vertical position measuring method using the laser riser of the present invention will be described.

In the vertical position measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the vertical vertical hole 20 is excavated at the ceiling of the horizontal tunnel 10 at the position where the vertical hole 20 is to be excavated, and a station 30 is installed. The first step (S1) to perform, the second step (S2) of installing the rise climber unit 40 on the ceiling of the horizontal tunnel 10 and the side wall of the initial vertical sphere 20, and of the unit 40 A third step of installing the guide rails 50 to the vicinity of the dead end of the vertical hole 20 after drilling, blasting, blasting, ventilating and pumice the blasting hole in the vertical sphere 20 membrane using the work bench 60. Step S3 and the fourth step of installing a plurality of measurement steel rods 80 horizontally at the upper end of the guide rail 50 and connecting the vertical measurement means 90 to the end of the steel rod 80 (S4). And a fifth step (S5) of installing a reference point target 100 on the bottom of the horizontal tunnel 10 positioned vertically downward of the vertical sphere 20, and installed on the top of the guide rail 50. The sixth step (S6) for measuring the vertical position between the steel bar 80 and the reference point target 100 disposed on the bottom of the horizontal tunnel 10, and the steel bar 80 installed on the upper guide rail (50) After separating from the guide rail 50, the seventh step (S7) for displaying the position where the reference point will be installed on the guide rail 50 point where the steel rod 80 was installed, and the workbench 60 of the riser unit 40 Eighth step (S8) of drilling the blast hole in the vertical sphere (20) membrane using the), and then installing the guide rail 50 to the vicinity of the membrane of the excavated vertical sphere (20) And a ninth step S9 of installing a plurality of measurement steel bars 80 horizontally at an upper end of the guide rail 50 and connecting the vertical measurement means 90 to the ends of the steel bars 80, and the A tenth step S10 of installing the reference point target 100 on the guide rail 50 indicated as the reference point installation position in the seventh step S7, and the guide; An eleventh step (S11) of measuring the vertical position between the steel rod 80 installed on the rail 50 and the reference point target 100 installed in the tenth step (S10), and then separating the target 100; The seventh step S7 to the eleventh step S11 are repeated until the excavation of the fastener 20 is completed.

This will be described in more detail in each step with reference to the drawings as follows.

First, the vertical vertical hole 20 is excavated on the ceiling of the horizontal tunnel 10 so that the rise climber unit 40 can be installed (S1). The workshop 30 serves as a base area for the installation and installation of the laser climber unit 40, the supply and demand of manpower and equipment required for vertical tunnel construction, and the carrying out of the buoyancy due to blasting and pumice.

Next, the laser climbing unit 40 is installed on the ceiling of the horizontal tunnel 10 and the sidewalls of the initial vertical sphere 20 (S2). As shown in FIG. 2, the laser climbing unit 40 includes a guide rail 50 fixedly anchored from the ceiling of the horizontal tunnel 10 to the side wall of the vertical sphere 20, and the guide rail 50. It includes a worktable 60 that can move along, and a power source 300 for moving the worktable 60, by the worktable 60, as well as the equipment required for excavation in the workplace 30 It can be moved to the close of the fastener 20.

Therefore, the worker ascends to the closet of the vertical sphere 20 by riding on the workbench 60 to make a plurality of perforations in the ceiling of the closet, charge the explosives in the perforations, then descend and evacuate to a safe area before blasting, Ventilation and deburring work are carried out to remove dust and pumice. The buoyancy 200 generated by the blasting and pumice removal is loaded on the truck 300 flowing into the work place and is carried out to the outside. By this operation, the burial of the area required in the range of 3 to 30 m 2 upward of the initial vertical sphere 20 is formed vertically upward. In this way, if the vertical sphere 20 is formed higher, the guide rail 50 is added and installed up to the height of the height of the vertical sphere 20. That is, the added guide rail 50 is connected to the pre-installed guide rail 50 is fixed to the side wall of the vertical sphere 20 by the anchor 70 (S3).

When the pumice due to the blasting is removed as described above and the guide rail 50 is installed, it is necessary to perform vertical surveying for accurate vertical excavation, and therefore, a means for surveying should be mounted on the laser climbing unit 40 beforehand.

Next, as shown schematically in FIG. 3, a measurement steel bar 80 is horizontally installed at an upper end of the guide rail 50, and one end of the measurement steel bar 80 is fixed to the fixing plate 82. By the horizontally fixed to the upper end of the guide rail 50 is connected to the vertical measurement means 90 to the other end (S4).

The fixing plate 82 serves to fix the measurement steel bar 80 to the upper end of the guide rail 50, the higher the vertical sphere 20, the additional guide rail 50 is installed and accordingly the steel bar ( 80 also needs to be installed again at the upper end of the guide rail 50, so that the guide rail 50 can be easily fixed and separated.

In addition, one end of the measurement steel bar 80 should be configured to be coupled by screw coupling or concave-convex fastening means or the like so that the fixing plate 82 can be easily fixed and separated. That is, when the work is in progress, the height of the vertical sphere 20, the steel rod 80 must be removed and reinstalled in a higher position, so that the screw coupling easy to remove the connection of the steel rod 80 and the fixing plate 82 Consists of a concave-convex fastening means that is easy to insert or remove.

The measurement steel rods 80 are preferably provided with two in order to measure the exact vertical position. This is because, if only one is installed, there is a high probability of error, but if two are installed, the plane coordinate (x-y coordinate) value can be accurately displayed on the reference point target 100, thereby significantly reducing the probability of error occurrence.

Figure 4 shows a state in which the steel rod is installed by moving to the upper end of the guide rail from the lower rail by the configuration as described above, Figure 4 (a) shows a state coupled to the lower rail, Figure 4 (b) additional rail Shows the state combined with the upper part of. The vertical measurement means 90 connected to one end of the measurement steel rod 80 may use a vertical machine or may use a measurement jujube.

Initially, since the bottom of the horizontal tunnel 10 can be visually checked at the end of the vertical sphere 20, the reference point target 100 is installed at the bottom of the horizontal tunnel 10 corresponding to the vertical position (S5). The vertical position is measured between the steel bar 80 installed on the top of the guide rail 50 and the reference point target 100 on the bottom of the horizontal tunnel 10 (S6).

As described above, when the initial vertical position measurement is completed, the steel bar 80 installed on the upper end of the guide rail 50 is separated from the guide rail 50 together with the fixing plate 82 and the steel bar 80 as the next step. On the guide rail 50 at the point where it was installed, the position to be the reference point at the next measurement is displayed (S7).

Next, the same work process as in the third step S3 is performed, that is, the vertical sphere 20 is moved to the closet of the vertical sphere 20 by the worktable 60 of the laser climbing unit 40. After the blast hole perforation, charge, ventilation and pumice treatment on the membrane, the operation of additionally installing the guide rail 50 to the vicinity of the membrane of the excavated vertical sphere 20 is performed (S8).

In addition, in the ninth step S9, a plurality of measurement steel bars 80 are horizontally installed at the upper end of the guide rail 50 in the same manner as the fourth step S4, and the vertical measurement is performed at the ends of the steel bars 80. The operation of connecting the means 90 is performed (S9).

Next, in the tenth step, the reference point target 100 is installed at the point indicated on the guide rail 50 in the seventh step S7 (S10). One side of the target 100 is provided with a connecting means that can be connected to the guide rail 50, the connecting means can be fixed to any point on the guide rail 50 while keeping the target 100 horizontal. Clamps and the like can be used as commonly used means, which are not shown in the drawings.

Next, in the eleventh step (S11), the vertical position between the steel bar 80 of the upper end of the guide rail 50 installed in the ninth step (S9) and the reference point target 100 installed in the tenth step (S10) After the surveying, the surveying is finished to separate the target 100 for the next excavation (S11).

As described above, the reference point target 100 is moved to an appropriate position capable of securing a field of view by measuring the above, and since both of them rise together, the distance between the two is determined by the excavation depth, but the reference point target 100 is typically used as the steel bar. It is appropriate to measure while moving upwards to a position 5m to 15m away from 80.

Therefore, as the height of the vertical sphere 20 increases, the height of the target 100 is also increased, so that surveying can be performed at a predetermined distance to secure the field of view, which makes it difficult to secure the field of view that was a problem when drilling the advanced tunnel of the long tunnel. However, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of errors.

The excavation and measurement process as described above is carried out by repeating the seventh step (S7) to the eleventh step (S11) until the excavation of the vertical sphere 20 is completed, by using the vertical sphere ( Extension work to form 20) as a vent is in progress.

The signal flow diagram of FIG. 7 illustrates a vertical position measurement method using a raise climber according to an embodiment of the present invention as described above in order.

As mentioned above, the vertical position surveying method using the raise climber according to the present invention is carried out by moving the target, which is a reference point of the vertical surveying, to maintain the survey distance within the visible distance. Since the field of view is easy to secure from the workbench, accurate surveying is possible and it is effective to prevent the occurrence of survey errors.

Claims (6)

In the vertical position surveying method of excavating the advanced tunnel of a long tunnel using a race climber, A first step of excavating the initial vertical sphere in the horizontal tunnel ceiling at the position where the vertical sphere is to be excavated and installing a workshop; A second step of installing a laser riser unit on the ceiling of the horizontal tunnel and the side walls of the initial vertical sphere; A third step of drilling, blasting, charging, blasting, ventilating and pumice at the vertical sphere membrane using a workbench of the unit, and additionally installing a guide rail to the vicinity of the membrane of the excavated vertical sphere; A fourth step of installing a plurality of measurement steel bars horizontally at an upper end of the rail and connecting vertical measurement means to ends of the steel bars; A fifth step of installing a reference point target at a bottom of a horizontal tunnel positioned in a vertically downward direction of the vertical sphere; A sixth step of measuring a vertical position between a steel rod installed on an upper end of the rail and a reference point target disposed on a bottom of the horizontal tunnel; A seventh step of separating a steel bar installed at the upper end of the rail from the rail and indicating a position at which a reference point is to be installed at a rail point at which the steel bar is installed; An eighth step of drilling, blasting, charging, ventilating, and sedimenting the blast holes in the vertical sphere membrane using the workbench of the laser climber unit and installing the guide rails to the vicinity of the membrane of the excavated vertical sphere; A ninth step of installing a plurality of measurement steel bars horizontally at an upper end of the rail and connecting vertical measurement means to ends of the steel bars; A tenth step of installing the reference point target on the rail indicated by the reference point installation position in the seventh step; An eleventh step of surveying a vertical position between the steel rod installed on the upper rail and the reference point target installed in the tenth step; And 7. The vertical position surveying method using a raise climber, characterized in that the steps 7 to 11 are repeated until the excavation of the vertical ball is completed. The method of claim 1, The vertical position measurement method using the raise climber, characterized in that the two measurement steel rods. The method of claim 1, One end of the measurement steel bar in the fourth step is horizontally fixed to the upper end of the rail by a fixed plate, the other end is a vertical position measurement method using a laser riser, characterized in that the vertical measurement means is connected. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The vertical measuring means is a vertical position measuring method using a raise climber, characterized in that the vertical or vertical measuring vertebrae. The method of claim 3, One end of the measurement steel bar is coupled to and separated from one side of the fixing plate by a screw coupling or concave-convex means, the vertical position surveying method using a laser riser. The method of claim 3, The fixed plate is a vertical position surveying method using a laser riser, characterized in that the coupling is coupled to and separated from the top of the guide rail by a screw or uneven binding means.

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