JPH10122864A - Target for measurement of excavating track and measuring method for excavating track by using the target - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a measuring method in which the deviation and the inclination in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of an excavator can be measured simultaneously by using a single target by a method in which the central point is formed on the vertex of a cone or a pyramid and an outer frame is formed at a base part. SOLUTION: A target 1 is formed to be a cone or a pyramid shape, the central point 12 is marked on its vertex, and an outer frame 15 is formed at its base part 14 or a contour line 11 is marked on its side face 13. The single target 1 is installed at the rear part of an excavator 2 via the outer frame 15 in such a way that its axial line is along the axial line of the excavator 2. Then, on the basis of an image obtained by collimating the target 1 by using a collimator 5 from the side of a start vertical hole 3, the deviation and the inclination in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the excavator 2 are measured. That is to say, on the basis of the distortion of the contour line 11 from the outer frame 15 of collimated image, the inclination in the horizontal direction and he vertical direction s measured, and, on the basis of the deviation of the central point 12 from the reference point of the collimator, the deviation in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is measured. Thereby, the deviation and the inclination in he horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be measured simultaneously.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an excavation trajectory measurement target used for measuring an excavation trajectory during underground excavation in various plumbing works and excavation in tunnel construction.
The present invention relates to an excavation trajectory measurement method using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A method of measuring an excavation trajectory at the time of excavation in plumbing work or tunnel work is roughly classified into an optical method and a gyro method. Among them, the optical type measures the deviation of the excavation trajectory from the deviation from the reference line of the image obtained by collimating the target installed on the excavator side from the starting pit side,
Install a target with a built-in light receiving element on the excavator side,
There is a method of irradiating a laser beam from a start pit side and measuring a deviation of an excavation trajectory from a deviation of an irradiation point of the laser beam. The present invention relates to the former method, that is, a method for measuring a digging trajectory in the former. Conventionally, a method of measuring the excavation trajectory is such that a target 20 marked with a center mark such as a crosshair is installed at the rear of the excavator 2 as shown in FIG. The horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) deviations are measured from the deviation between the center point 12 of the image collimated by the collimator 5 and the reference point 8 of the collimator (FIG. 11). ). In addition, for measuring the inclination (傾斜) of the excavation trajectory, an inclinometer is separately installed, or two targets 20A and 20B marked on a transparent plate are installed at an interval (L) as shown in FIG. In this method, the inclination is obtained by calculation from the coordinates of the two targets 20A and 20B. In addition, the illumination lamp 21 for collimation was separately provided in the installation position of the target 20. The measurement result of the digging trajectory is used for correcting the direction of the digging trajectory.

[0003]

As described above, in the conventional measuring method, a horizontal and vertical inclinometer is separately installed or two targets marked on a transparent plate are used for measuring the inclination of the excavation trajectory. It is necessary to install it, and it is a complicated measurement work. In addition, in the case of using two targets, it is necessary to considerably widen the interval between the targets in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, and it is difficult to install it on the excavator There was a problem that became. In addition, it was necessary to separately provide an illumination lamp for collimating the target. The present invention solves these problems and eliminates the need to install a separate inclinometer, and can simultaneously measure the horizontal (X), vertical (Y) deviation and tilt (Θ) of the excavator with one target. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple target and an excavation trajectory measuring method using the same.

[0004]

In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention has the following configuration. That is,
In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the shape is a cone or a pyramid, a center point 12 is described at a vertex, and an outer frame 15 is
Or one target 1 having a contour line 11 marked on the side surface 13 is installed at the rear of the excavator 2 via the outer frame 15 so that the axis is along the axis of the excavator 1. The horizontal and vertical excursions and tilts of the excavator 2 were measured from an image obtained by collimating the target 1 with the collimator 5 from the starting hole 3 side. That is, the horizontal and vertical inclinations (Θx, Θy) are measured from the distortion of the outer frame 15 or the contour line 11 of the target of the collimated image,
The displacement (Dx, Dy) in the horizontal and vertical directions is measured from the deviation between the target center point 12 and the reference point 8 of the collimator. In addition, if contour lines 11 at regular intervals are written on the side surface 13 of the target instead of the outer frame 15, distortion can be easily identified from the change in the interval between the contour lines 11, and the horizontal and vertical inclinations of the excavator 2 can be identified. (Θx, Θy) can be measured very easily. Further, the target 1 is made of a translucent material, and when the light source 16 is provided therein, the target itself emits light, so that there is no need to provide a separate illumination lamp.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an entire configuration of a digging trajectory measuring system using a target of the present invention. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show examples of a cone shape and a quadrangular pyramid shape as targets used for the excavation trajectory measurement of the present invention. 5 to 9 show the relationship between the reference line of the excavator and the horizontal and vertical deviations (Dx, Dy) and inclinations (Δx, Δy) in the collimated image.

In the excavation trajectory measuring system according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a target 1 is placed at the rear of an excavator 2 with its apex facing the starting uphole 3 side. At this time, the target 1 is installed so that its axis is along the axial direction of the excavator 2. The target 1 is collimated by the collimator 5 such as a transit or a CCD camera from the starting hole 3 side, and the horizontal and vertical deviation and inclination angle of the excavator 2 with respect to the reference line 7 are determined from the obtained image. It is to measure. When a CCD camera is used as the collimator 5, it is connected to an image processing device and a monitor television 6. The target 1 used in the excavation trajectory measurement of the present invention has a conical shape as shown in FIG. 2 or a pyramid shape as shown in FIG.
The center point 12 is described at the vertex, and the outer frame 15 is
Or the contour line 11 is written on the side surface 13 and the base 1
The outer frame 15 is provided with a bolt hole 17 at a rear portion of the excavator 2 for fixing to a mounting member (not shown) fixed in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the excavator 2.

The target 1 may be made of any material, but as shown in FIG. 4, a light transmissive material, for example, a transparent or translucent plastic or glass plate is used and a light source such as a miniature lamp is internally provided. If the target 16 is provided, it is not necessary to provide a separate illumination lamp because the target itself emits light. Also,
The conical or pyramid-shaped target 1 is integrally molded using a plastic or other molding die, and the central point 12 is formed in a later step.
It may be manufactured by displaying the contour line 11 or by forming a divided piece in a shape in which a cone or a pyramid is sliced at a thickness portion corresponding to the height of one graduation of the contour line 11, and this division is performed. It can also be manufactured by laminating the pieces so as to have a conical or pyramid shape as a whole, and bonding and integrating such that the joints display contour lines. Hereinafter, a method of measuring the excavation trajectory using the target 1 will be described.
The image of the collimator 5 obtained by the excavation trajectory measuring system configured as described above includes horizontal and vertical deviations (Dx, Dy) and inclinations (Θ) of the excavator 2 with respect to the reference line 7.
x, Θy) as shown in FIGS. In this collimated image, the outer frame 15 or the contour line 11 of the target
Is taken as the distance (X1, X2, Y1, Y2) from the center point 12 in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the inclination (Θ)
x, Θy). Further, the horizontal and vertical deviations (Dx, Dy) of the excavator 2 can be known from the distance (DX, DY) between the reference point 8 and the center point 12 of the collimated image.

A collimated image according to the horizontal and vertical excursions (Dx, Dy) and inclinations (傾斜 x, Θy) of the excavator 2 will be described below. FIG. 5 shows an example in which the direction of the excavator 2 matches the reference line 7 orbit. Target frame 1
5 is X1 = X2, Y1 = Y2, and there is no distortion of the shape. In the case of the contour line 11, the contour lines 11 are symmetrical at equal intervals. Also, the distance between the reference point 8 and the center point 12 of the collimated image (D
X, DY).

FIG. 6 shows an example in which the direction of the excavator 2 is inclined horizontally with respect to the reference line 7 orbit. In this case, the shape of the outer frame 15 of the target 1 is distorted, and X1 ≠ X2, and the length in the tilt direction is short. In the example of the drawing, X1 <X2. In the case of the contour lines 11, the interval between the contour lines in the horizontal direction becomes dense in the inclination direction. A quadrangular pyramid target has a vertically long rectangle, and a conical target has a vertically long ellipse.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which the direction of the excavator 2 is vertically inclined with respect to the reference line 7 orbit. In this case, Y1 ≠ Y2, and the interval between the contour lines in the vertical direction becomes dense in the inclined direction. A quadrangular pyramid target has a horizontally long rectangle, and a conical target has a horizontally long ellipse.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which the direction of the excavator 2 is inclined in both horizontal and vertical directions with respect to the reference line 7 orbit. In this case, X1 ≠ X2 and Y1 ≠ Y2. Further, the intervals between the contour lines 11 become dense in the inclination direction.

FIG. 9 shows an example in which the direction of the excavator 2 is deviated both horizontally and vertically with respect to the reference line 7 orbit. In this case, a deviation (DX, DY) occurs between the reference point 8 of the collimator 5 and the center point 12 of the collimated image. In addition,
Since the deviation (DX, DY) is also caused by the above-mentioned inclination, it is better to measure the inclination of the excavator 2 first, correct the direction to eliminate the inclination, and then measure the deviation deviation.

[0013]

According to the present invention, a single target 1 having a center point 12 at a vertex of a cone or a pyramid, an outer frame 15 at a base portion 14, or a contour line 11 at a side surface 13 is used. The target 1 is set on the excavator so that its axis is along the axial direction of the excavator 2, and the target 1 of the image obtained by collimating the target 1 with the collimator 5 from the starting vertical hole 3 side. Of the excavator 2 in the horizontal and vertical directions from the distortion of the outer frame 15 or the contour line 11 (等 x, １１y)
Are measured, and the target center point 12 and the reference point 8 of the collimator 5 are measured.
The deviation in the horizontal and vertical directions (Dx, Dy) can be measured from the deviation, so that the measurement in the direction of the excavation trajectory can be easily performed.
It can be performed reliably and contributes to the direction control of the excavation trajectory. Note that the side frame 13 of the target 1 is used instead of the outer frame 15.
, The contours 11 at a constant interval are marked, and the distortion can be easily identified from the change in the width of the interval between the contour lines 11, and the measurement of the horizontal and vertical inclinations (Θx, Θy) of the excavator 2 is extremely easy. it can. Further, the target 1 is made of a translucent material, and when the light source 16 is provided therein, the target itself emits light, so that there is no need to provide a separate illumination lamp.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an excavation trajectory measurement system using a target of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a conical target used in excavation trajectory measurement according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the same quadrangular pyramid-shaped target.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example in which a light source is provided in a conical or pyramid-shaped target.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a reference line of an excavator and horizontal and vertical deviations (Dx, Dy) and inclinations (Δx, Δy) in a collimation image.

FIG. 6 is also a horizontal and vertical deviation (Dx, Dy) and inclination (Θx,
It is a figure which shows the relationship of (y).

FIG. 7 is also a horizontal and vertical deviation (Dx, Dy) and inclination (Θx,
It is a figure which shows the relationship of (y).

FIG. 8 is also a horizontal and vertical deviation (Dx, Dy) and inclination (Θx,
It is a figure which shows the relationship of (y).

FIG. 9 is also a horizontal and vertical deviation (Dx, Dy) and inclination (Θx,
It is a figure which shows the relationship of (y).

FIG. 10 is an overall configuration diagram of a conventional excavation trajectory measurement system using a target.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a conventional normal target measurement principle.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of a conventional principle of measuring the inclination of a target.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 target 2 excavator 3 starting shaft 4 buried pipe (protective pipe) 5 collimator 6 monitor TV 7 reference line 8 reference point 11 contour 12 central point 13 side surface 14 base 15 outer frame 16 light source 17 bolt hole 18 target

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takashi Mochizuki 2-6-3 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo New Nippon Steel Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroshi Abe 4-13- Nakameguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 21 A-1210 (72) Inventor Takeshi Daikohara 1-13-19 Kokubunjidai, Ebina-shi, Kanagawa

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A center point is provided at a vertex of a cone or a pyramid,
An excavation trajectory measurement target characterized by having an outer frame provided at a base. 2. A method according to claim 2, wherein a center point is provided at a vertex of the cone or the pyramid,
A target for excavation trajectory measurement characterized by having contour lines on its side. 3. The excavation trajectory measurement target according to claim 1, wherein the target is made of a translucent material and has a light source provided therein. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3.
The target for excavation trajectory measurement described is installed on the excavator such that its axis is along the axial direction of the excavator, and from the image obtained by collimating the target with the collimator from the starting hole side An excavation trajectory measuring method characterized by measuring horizontal and vertical deviations (Dx, Dy) and inclination angles (Θx, Θy) of an excavator with respect to a reference line.