KR100740486B1 - Alcoholic fuel composition preventing phase separation for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

An alcoholic fuel composition for preventing phase separation in an internal combustion engine is provided to reduce exhaust gas such as carbon dioxides, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides causing air pollution and realize non-harmful green fuel for the internal combustion engine. An alcoholic fuel composition for preventing phase separation in an internal combustion engine consists of 100wt% of methanol, 5-35wt% of bio ethanol, 5-10wt% of isopropanol, 5-10wt% of isopentanol, 10-20wt% of toluene, 10-20wt% of xylene, 30-50wt% of naphtha, and 1-5wt% of surfactant. The surfactant is one selected from anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactants, or two or more selected therefrom to be used together.

Description

 Alcohol Fuel Composition for Internal Combustion Engine with Phase Separation Ability {Alcoholic Fuel Composition Preventing Phase Separation for Internal Combustion Engines}

The present invention relates to an alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine having a phase separation prevention capability, and more particularly, to provide an alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine containing a surfactant in order to prevent phase separation of an alcohol-hydrocarbon mixed fuel.

As the fossil fuel is in the world, the problem of depletion of petroleum resources is in serious condition. Also, environmental issues such as increased global air pollution and global warming due to carbon dioxide emission are being raised as an issue of fossil fuel's unrestricted use. It is true. In particular, international environmental regulations to curb carbon dioxide emissions are increasing due to the climate change convention and the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol. Therefore, securing a stable energy source to replace petroleum resources and developing eco-friendly fuels to preserve the global environment It is a mission of the times.

In line with this international trend, alcohol has recently been developed as a new alternative fuel, and it is known that the fuel containing alcohol reduces the emission of carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides (Johnson RT, Stoffer JO, Soc, Automot. Eng. (Spec. Pub.) 1983, SP 542, 91-104). The first methanol used as an alcohol fuel can be industrially produced from natural gas, coal, wood, etc., and has a high octane number of about 101.5, does not generate soot during combustion, and does not contain sulfur. NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) can be significantly reduced. Nevertheless, if only methanol is used as a fuel for gasoline engines, the calorific value is too low compared to gasoline, so the fuel consumption is too high, and the hydrophilicity cannot be ruled out. It is practically difficult to apply to gasoline engines.

Based on the results of these previous studies, it is conceivable to use methanol mixed with existing gasoline fuels. In fact, fuels mixed with methanol and gasoline have been used as fuels for internal combustion engines in automobiles, especially in China and Southeast Asia. . However, industrial methanol itself is a toxic raw material and requires great care in handling, and since it is harmful to the human body, it is refrained from being used in developed countries while acknowledging environmental excellence. Therefore, in the United States, Europe and Japan, instead of methanol, ethanol is mixed with existing gasoline and used as an alternative fuel.

Ethanol can be extracted from biomass, such as plants, in addition to petrochemical production, and its performance as a fuel is similar to that of methanol, but it is less toxic and easy to handle, so it can be applied without changing the structure of an internal combustion engine including a gasoline engine. There are possible advantages. Currently in the United States and Brazil, a fuel called gasohol, a blend of 90% gasoline (petrol) and 10% anhydrous ethanol, is used in some cars. In particular, ethanol to be mixed in the plastic hole has been spotlighted as an infinite environmental fuel source because it uses so-called bio ethanol extracted from plants rather than manufactured in the petrochemical industry.

On the other hand, miscibility is the most problematic when a mixture of hydrophilic alcohol and hydrophobic hydrocarbon which is a main component of gasoline is used as a fuel. In particular, there should be no sedimentation precipitation due to the difference in polarity during long-term storage.

Korean Patent No. 374257, which is known as a prior patent document in the field of alcohol fuel, describes an alcohol fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon mixture such as methanol or ethanol and toluene and non-aromatic raffinate. As it is not mentioned, there may be problems in direct application to existing gasoline engines. In addition, the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2004-87733 also in addition to providing a low-pollution gasoline alternative fuel by mixing bio ethanol with the existing gasoline fuel, and problems such as sedimentation and precipitation according to the polarity of the fuel components and resulting gasoline engine There is no suggestion for compatibility issues. Meanwhile, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2005-83145 discloses a biological surfactant for alcohol mixed fuel oil and an alcohol mixed fuel oil including the same, and shows the miscibility of a hydrophilic alcohol and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon mixture by using a biological surfactant. Although long-term stability is secured by improving and preventing sedimentation, it has disadvantages in terms of providing economical alternative fuel because a process for culturing strains is required to obtain a biological surfactant.

Therefore, as mentioned above, by utilizing the advantages of methanol, the emission of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides is suppressed as much as possible, introducing bioethanol as an eco-friendly alcohol fuel that is harmless to the human body, and by including an appropriate surfactant, conventional gasoline components The present invention has been completed by knowing that it is possible to develop an alcohol fuel for an internal combustion engine that can be directly applied without making design changes to an existing gasoline engine by making it compatible with a hydrocarbon compound.

The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems as described above, compared to the existing gasoline fuel, while significantly reducing emissions of air pollution, such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, while harmless to the human body eco-friendly internal combustion engine alcohol It is an object of the invention to provide a fuel. Another object of the present invention is to provide an alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine, which improves the miscibility of alcohols and hydrocarbon compounds, and has a phase separation prevention function containing a surfactant to prevent separation and precipitation during long-term storage.

The present invention relates to an alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine having a phase separation capability, and more particularly for an internal combustion engine comprising the following components containing a surfactant as an essential component in order to prevent phase separation of an alcohol-hydrocarbon mixed fuel. An alcohol based fuel composition is provided.

1) 100 parts by weight of methanol

2) 5 to 35 parts by weight of bioethanol

3) 5-10 parts by weight of isopropanol

4) 5-10 parts by weight of isopentanol

5) 10 to 20 parts by weight of toluene

6) 10-20 parts by weight of xylene

7) 30-50 parts by weight of naphtha

8) 1 to 5 parts by weight of surfactant

The composition of each component constituting the alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine having the phase separation preventing ability of the present invention will be briefly described below.

Methanol is known to significantly reduce the generation of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides compared to conventional gasoline fuels, and by using methanol, it is possible to reduce harmful emissions generated during combustion and to obtain high octane number and compression ratio. The content ratio is based on 100 parts by weight of methanol.

In addition, bio ethanol is used as an alcohol component by mixing with methanol in order to minimize the effect on the human body by the release of harmful components that can occur during incomplete combustion due to excessive use. If the content is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect of the environmentally friendly alcohol component is insignificant, and if it exceeds 35 parts by weight, it may be difficult to apply practically as an alternative fuel having economic efficiency in consideration of the high cost of bio ethanol.

On the other hand, both methanol and bioethanol contain a certain amount of water, whether produced in petrochemical industry or extracted from biomass as a raw material. Of course, the higher the purity, the lower the moisture content, which can minimize concerns such as incomplete combustion and engine corrosion. It is inevitable that the performance of the fuel may be reduced. Therefore, the present invention may further contain a corrosion inhibitor added to a conventional liquid fuel oil, and any corrosion inhibitor may be known as a corrosion inhibitor such as an amine compound, an amide or an ester derivative.

As another alcohol component of the alcohol-based fuel composition of the present invention, isopropanol is used to control the upper flash point of the fuel, and isopentanol improves the disadvantage of not starting well at low temperatures when only methanol and bioethanol are used as fuel. When used in the above-mentioned content range, it is possible to secure good low temperature startability even in winter, and when used in a small amount, the effect is not obtained and when used in large quantities, the cost is increased, so it is used within the range of 5 to 10 parts by weight. It is desirable to.

In addition, toluene serves to increase the explosive power to improve the running performance, xylene is to improve the acceleration toluene and xylene is preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight based on the total composition. If the content is less than 10 parts by weight, it is difficult to expect significant explosive power, and if it exceeds 20 parts by weight, the use of excessive aromatic hydrocarbon compounds increases the likelihood of generating harmful emissions such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

Naphtha is associated with combustion in addition to methanol and bioethanol, and adopts conventional gasoline fuel or gasoline, and is used in the range of 30 to 50 parts by weight in consideration of fuel miscibility and cost.

One of the key components included in the alcohol-based fuel composition of the present invention is a surfactant for improving the miscibility of the hydrophilic alcohol component and the hydrophobic hydrocarbon compound, and in general, alcohol-based fuel oil containing no surfactant may It is not a big problem for use because phase separation or sedimentation does not occur, but phase separation and sedimentation are observed when fuel oil is stored for a long time, and thus it cannot be used as a fuel of a conventional gasoline engine. Therefore, in the present invention, 1 to 5 parts by weight of a surfactant is added to provide an alcohol-based fuel that does not occur in long-term storage or even when an excess alcohol is used. However, when the content of the surfactant is less than 1 part by weight, it is difficult to expect the effect of preventing phase separation due to the increase in the size of the hydrophilic particles. When the content of the surfactant exceeds 5 parts by weight, the generation of carbon oxide may be increased by the amount of hydrocarbon added by the surfactant in the exhaust gas. have.

The surfactant added to the present invention may be anionic, cationic or nonionic, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. Preferably the surfactant comprises any one selected from sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan stearate or sorbitan trioleate. The alcohol-based fuel composition of the present invention containing such a surfactant showed long-term stability even after 6 months without phase separation and sedimentation of emulsion particles having a size of 1 μm or less.

In addition, the present invention may further contain methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) or ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) in order to further improve the octane number of the alcohol-based fuel composition for internal combustion engine having the phase separation ability as necessary. As it is, the content is adjusted to 5 to 10 parts by weight.

In addition, 5 to 10 parts by weight of isopentane may be further included in order to increase the calorific value during combustion of the fuel.

On the other hand, additives such as antioxidants, blue tablets, combustion accelerators and fluidity improvers which are commonly added to conventional gasoline or diesel oils may be added to the alcohol-based fuel composition of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described further by describing specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments.

Example 1 Preparation of the alcohol-based fuel compositions 1

Each component is mixed according to the following composition to obtain an alcohol-based fuel composition 1 of the present invention.

1) 100 parts by weight of methanol

2) 35 parts by weight of bioethanol

3) 10 parts by weight of isopropanol

4) 10 parts by weight of isopentanol

5) 20 parts by weight of toluene

6) 20 parts by weight of xylene

7) 50 parts by weight of naphtha

8) 4 parts by weight of surfactant

Example 2 Preparation of an alcohol-based fuel compositions 2

Each component is mixed according to the following composition to obtain an alcohol-based fuel composition 2 of the present invention.

1) 100 parts by weight of methanol

2) 20 parts by weight of bioethanol

3) 5 parts by weight of isopropanol

4) 5 parts by weight of isopentanol

5) 15 parts by weight of toluene

6) 15 parts by weight of xylene

7) 40 parts by weight of naphtha

8) 3 parts by weight of surfactant

In order to test the properties and component analysis of the alcohol-based fuel composition prepared in Examples 1 and 2 were asked by the Korea Petroleum Quality Management Institute and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, copper corrosion and oxidation stability were equal to or higher than those of existing gasoline fuels, and the emission of harmful substances such as sulfur and lead components was reduced to satisfy gasoline quality standards. .

On the other hand, as a result of testing the exhaust gas by applying the fuel composition obtained in Examples 1 and 2 to the actual vehicle, carbon monoxide within 0.5 (g / km), THC within 0.05 (g / km), nitrogen oxide 0.15 (g / km) It was found that the quality criteria of gasoline were all satisfied with the value of about 210 (g / km) of carbon dioxide.

In addition, as a result of measuring emulsion particles with a particle size analyzer of the fuel compositions obtained in Examples 1 and 2 after 6 months, no phase separation or precipitation phenomenon was observed at all 1 μm or less.

Table 1. Analysis result of alcohol fuel composition properties test of the present invention

Test Items Gasoline Quality Standards Example 1 Example 2 Octane (the research method) 91-94 97 108  Distillation test (℃) (% by volume) 10% outflow temperature 70 or less 65.2 56.8 50% outflow temperature 125 or less 80.5 75.0 90% outflow temperature 175 or less 125.8 139.0 End point 225 or less 195.2 160.5 Residual amount (ml) 2.0 or less 0.7 0.6 Water and sediment (% by volume) 0.01 or less Less than 0.005 Less than 0.005 Copper plate corrosion (50 ℃ / 3h) 1 or less One One Vapor Pressure (37.8 ℃ / kg / cm ² ) 44-82 75 67 Oxidation Stability (min) 480 or more 480 or more 480 or more Gum (washing gum, mg / 100 mL) 5 or less 1.8 1.9 Sulfur (mg / kg) 130 or less 85 80 Lead content (g / L) 0.013 or less 0.010 0.008 Phosphorus content (g / L) 0.0013 or less Less than 0.0001 Less than 0.0001 Total aromatics (% by volume) 30 or less 25 20 Benzene (% by volume) 1 or less 0.9 0.7 Olefin (volume%) 18 or less 8.5 7.0 Oxygen content (% by weight) 0.5-2.3 0.9 1.0

The alcohol-based fuel composition for internal combustion engines having a phase separation capability of the present invention significantly reduces metal corrosion while reducing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides as compared to gasoline fuels when used as a fuel for internal combustion engines, and as a fuel for internal combustion engines. It satisfies the existing gasoline quality standards and contains surfactants, so it does not show phase separation and sedimentation even when stored for a long time.

Claims (6)

Alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine having a phase separation ability comprising the following material. 1) 100 parts by weight of methanol 2) 5 to 35 parts by weight of bioethanol 3) 5-10 parts by weight of isopropanol 4) 5-10 parts by weight of isopentanol 5) 10 to 20 parts by weight of toluene 6) 10-20 parts by weight of xylene 7) 30-50 parts by weight of naphtha 8) 1 to 5 parts by weight of surfactant According to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactants, alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine having a phase separation prevention, characterized in that used alone or in combination of two or more. . The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant comprises any one selected from sorbitan monooleate, sol non-laurate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan stearate or sorbitan trioleate. Alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine having a phase separation prevention ability. The alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, further comprising 5 to 10 parts by weight of MTBE or ETBE, which is an octane number improver. The alcohol-based fuel composition for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, further comprising 5 to 10 parts by weight of isopentane. The method of claim 1, further comprising any one or more additives selected from antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, cleaning agents, combustion promoters or fluidity improving agents which are conventionally added to gasoline or diesel oil. Alcohol-based fuel composition for internal combustion engine having.