KR100720876B1 - Large supercharged internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a large turbocharged internal combustion engine (1) comprising a turbine (6) driven by exhaust gas and a compressor (9) driven by the turbine and for supplying turbocharged air to an internal combustion engine cylinder. . The internal combustion engine is further provided with a humidifier 12 for humidifying the boost air with water to increase the absolute humidity of the boost air. Part of the exhaust gas flow branches upstream of the turbine and enters the power consumer. The humidifier (s) may be formed by water baths 40 and 41 in which humidified gas is bubbled.

Large supercharged internal combustion engine

Description

Large Supercharged Internal Combustion Engine {LARGE SUPERCHARGED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE}

1, 2, 3, and 4 show four different views of the intake and exhaust systems of an internal combustion engine according to the invention, and

5 shows a preferred embodiment of the means for humidifying recycled exhaust gas.

Description of the main parts of the drawing

1: internal combustion engine 2: turbocharger

3: exhaust receiver 4: exhaust valve

5: exhaust pipe 12, 12 ', 29, 29': humidifier

13, 14, 15: spray stage 40, 41: water tank

The present invention relates to a large turbocharged internal combustion engine, such as a ship's main internal combustion engine, comprising a turbocharger having a turbine driven by an exhaust gas and a compressor driven by the turbine, for supplying boosted air to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. It is about. The internal combustion engine also includes a cooling device for cooling the boost air by water injection.

For example, WO-A-9 429 579 discloses a large turbocharged two-stroke internal combustion engine having a compressor for delivering supercharged and scavenged air to an internal combustion engine cylinder and a cooling device for cooling the air from the compressor. The chiller pressure sprays water into the air. The chiller has a plurality of continuous atomizer sections, and a load collection section may be provided between the two or more atomizer sections to separate the air and water loads. Water at ambient temperature is injected into the air stream to lower the charge air to the lowest possible temperature. In this document, the purpose of pressure spraying water in air was to construct a cooling device for an intake system of a large two-stroke internal combustion engine with a large cooling capacity which functions efficiently, is reliable and does not require maintenance. .

In WO-A-9 429 579, a large supercharged two-stroke internal combustion engine is disclosed in which exhaust gas at the high pressure side of a turbocharger is recycled to a boost air system of an internal combustion engine. Internal combustion engines are designed to use fuel oil as fuel, which causes a large amount of combustion products which have a very bad effect on internal combustion engine components in contact with the exhaust gas. Severely polluting exhaust gases cannot be recycled because they damage sensitive internal combustion engine components. Thus, at least a portion of the recycled exhaust gas is humidified to as much as 100 percent relative humidity. This reduces the amount of adversely affected combustion products and also reduces the amount of NOx produced by combustion. In this document, the purpose of using an air humidifier is to circulate the exhaust gas in a large supercharged diesel internal combustion engine so that the internal combustion engine is maintained with high efficiency and the life of the internal combustion engine parts is long.

Typically, internal combustion engines of the prior art operate with absolute air of 4-12 g of water vapor and supercharged air cooled to approximately 37 ° C. in 1 kg of air.

In general, in the art, it has been considered advantageous to operate a turbocharged internal combustion engine with cold turbocharged air, since cold turbocharge provides the internal combustion engine with lower heat load and higher combustion efficiency.

The general purpose of humidifiers used in the prior art is to remove impurities from the gas.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a large internal combustion engine of the above-described kind with improved total energy efficiency. An object of the present invention is to provide a turbocharger for supplying boost air to an internal combustion engine cylinder having a turbine driven by the exhaust gas and a compressor driven by the turbine, and exhaust gas from the cylinder according to claim 1. It is achieved by a turbocharged internal combustion engine comprising an outgoing exhaust pipe and a chiller that cools the boosted air by water injection. The cooling device is operated to obtain the high absolute humidity and the relatively hot charging air, and the power consumption part is driven by the exhaust gas branched from the exhaust pipe.

The internal combustion engine can be operated with boosted air of increased temperature and absolute humidity compared to conventional internal combustion engines. Thus, the total energy content of the boost air is higher than that of conventional internal combustion engines. Since the air coming from the compressor is not cooled, the temperature and absolute humidity of the charge air is increased, i. Instead, the energy in the boost air is conserved, or even energy is added to the boost air, for example by spraying water with a controlled temperature into the boost air. The jetted water preferably has the above ambient temperature.

The mass flow rate of the exhaust gas is affected by an increase in the absolute humidity of the charge air, so that the energy content of the exhaust gas flow is increased in comparison with conventional operating conditions. The additional energy may be used for purposes other than turbine drive purposes. Thus, while the main turbine receives sufficient energy, some of the exhaust gas branches off and is used to drive the auxiliary turbine. Thus, while the total energy output of the internal combustion engine is increased, substantially the same amount of fuel is used. This is because some of the waste energy of the internal combustion engine, that is, low exergy, is added to the water injected into the supercharged air, which causes this waste energy to diverge from the exhaust gas flow. This is possible because it is converted.

The energy used to heat the water sprayed can be obtained from a low quality energy source, ie a relatively low energy source. Low-exergy energy sources are generally available in the form of exhaust gases, (jacket) refrigerants, etc., around an internal combustion engine.

The energy used to heat the water sprayed can be substantially added to the gas stream (in the form of the boost air with increased temperature and humidity) and recovered as energy of high ripening. Energy is recovered by branching a portion of the exhaust gas flow upstream of the turbine, i. This can be done without reducing the amount of energy normally available for turbines, due to the increased total energy content in the exhaust gas flow.

Thus, by humidifying the boost air to avoid cooling while adding “waste” energy to the boost air, the final additional energy content in the exhaust gas flow can be diverged, and the overall energy efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved. On the other hand, low ripening waste energy can be recovered to high ripening energy by diverting more energy from the exhaust gas flow. Thus, the total energy efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved.

Therefore, the main purpose of using the humidifier in the present invention is to, in contrast to the prior art, constitute a cooling device that adds energy to the charge air, rather than a cooling device that removes energy from the charge air as in the prior art. The chiller is used to control the temperature of the boost air to a relatively high level so that the boost air contains a large amount of water vapor, ie to obtain the boost air with a high ripening energy content.

Therefore, the present invention has the advantage that the low temperature boost air slightly improves the efficiency of the combustion process of the internal combustion engine, so that it is desirable to operate the boost internal combustion engine with low temperature boost air in order to reduce the heat load on the internal combustion engine. Overcomes conventional bias. Moreover, due to the high absolute humidity of the charge air, the quality of the exhaust gas is improved because of lowering the NOx level.

The additionally obtained energy in the exhaust gas flow is sent to the power consumer. This power consumer, for example

A power generator,

A hydraulic pump for supplying fluid to the hydraulic system of the internal combustion engine, or

May be a turbine connected to an exhaust gas recirculation blower.

The amount of exhaust gas branched to the energy consumption portion can be adjusted according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, for example by a variable flow regulator.

The humidifier is preferably a scrubber with multiple nebulizer stages. By pressure spraying water in the air, a large amount of water can be sprayed into the air, so that the air can be effectively humidified to a saturated state. Over a very short gas flow length, the scrubber can spray a large amount of water into the charge air, which is important to achieve the desired effective humidification with 100 percent relative humidity. The amount of water vapor in moisture-saturated air increases exponentially with increasing temperature. Thus, the absolute humidity obtainable in air varies mainly with the temperature of the charge air, and in order to maximize absolute humidity, energy is not removed from the charge air as it passes through the humidifier. Thus, the boost air leaving the humidifier will contain water of high temperature and high absolute humidity. As a result, the temperature of the air exiting the humidifier is measured and the temperature and the amount of water sprayed on are adjusted accordingly. Thus, the temperature of the boost air exiting the humidifier and thus the absolute humidity of the same air can also be controlled.

The upstream spray stage may be provided with relatively dirty water, such as seawater, and the downstream spray stage may be provided with relatively clean water.

The absolute humidity of the charge air at the outlet of the humidifier can be controlled between 10 and 120 g / kg. The temperature of the charge air at the outlet of the humidifier can be controlled between 37 ℃ to 85 ℃.

The internal combustion engine may be of four stroke or two stroke type.

Large amounts of water should be used to humidify the charge air. The water consumed can be up to four times more than the heavy oil consumed in internal combustion engines. A medium to large diesel internal combustion engine with a power of 25,000 kW consumes 12-17 tonnes of water per hour. There is no problem in providing this amount of water on board a ship or at a power plant adjacent to a beach or river.

In addition, the internal combustion engine may be provided with an exhaust gas recirculation tube, preferably comprising a second humidifier. The second humidifier may be a water tank, through which the exhaust gas is bubbled. The efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be further increased using exhaust gas recirculation. The recycled exhaust gas can be humidified in a separate humidifier.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating the operating conditions of a large turbocharged internal combustion engine. The object comprises a turbocharger for supplying boost air to an internal combustion engine cylinder and a cooling device for humidifying the boost air with water, comprising a turbine driven by exhaust gas and a compressor driven by the turbine according to claim 13. To regulate the operating conditions of large supercharged internal combustion engines, ie

Adding water to the charge air in the chiller;

Controlling the absolute humidity of the charge air exiting the chiller.

The internal combustion engine may be of four stroke or two stroke type.

The operating conditions of the internal combustion engine can be further controlled by branching a portion of the exhaust gas flow upstream of the turbine, whereby the energy contained in the branched exhaust gas is utilized by a power consumer such as an auxiliary turbine. desirable.

Thus, the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine can be controlled over a wide range of points. The operating conditions can be selected according to the ambient temperature and humidity, the heat load of the internal combustion engine, the quality required for the exhaust gas and the like. The temperature and humidity of the charge air can vary from conventional low temperature and low humidity operating conditions to the highest temperature and high absolute humidity operating conditions and any value therebetween. Due to the low temperature and low absolute humidity, for example, a low heat load of the internal combustion engine can be obtained. Due to the high temperature and high absolute humidity, higher total efficiency can be achieved because less energy is consumed to cool and the low waste "waste" energy source can be recovered to the high ripe energy.

The absolute humidity of the air exiting the humidifier can be controlled by adjusting at least one of the temperature of the water added to the charge air and the temperature of the air upstream of the compressor.

The energy content in the branched portion of the exhaust gas can be up to approximately 15% of the total energy content of the exhaust gas stream.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a large turbo two-stroke internal combustion engine as a novel means for humidifying at least one of the charge air and the recirculated gas. The object according to claim 21 includes a turbocharger for supplying boost air to an internal combustion engine cylinder having a turbine driven by the exhaust gas, a compressor driven by the turbine, and a humidifier for humidifying the boost air with water. In a large supercharged two-stroke internal combustion engine, the humidifier 12 'is provided by a large supercharged two-stroke internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises one or more tanks 40, 41, 40', 41 'through which the charge air passes. Or a turbocharger for supplying boosted air to an internal combustion engine cylinder, a exhaust gas recirculation tube, and water recirculated with water, comprising a turbine driven by the exhaust gas and a compressor driven by the turbine according to claim 22. A large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising a humidifier, wherein the humidifier comprises at least one water tank through which the recycled exhaust gas passes. It is achieved by the large two-stroke supercharged internal combustion engine. By passing the humidified gas through the bath, the gas is humidified, and the bath acts as an effective sound barrier. Most of the noise produced by internal combustion engines of this kind comes from compressors. By placing the sound barrier in the form of a water tank in the boost air duct, the noise entrained in the boost air is prevented from propagating to the rest of the internal combustion engine.

The humidified gas may be carried to a point below a space at least partially filled with water by a downwardly directed duct.

The space partially filled with water may be limited downwardly and preferably upwardly by means of flow confinement which causes a pressure drop of the gas flowing through the grid or perforated plate or the like.

The flow restricting means may comprise a plurality of holes, in which the humidified gas passes through these holes to form a large amount of gas bubbles passing through the water in the partially filled space.

The bath may include a water inlet for supplying water to the partially filled space and a water outlet for removing water from the space.

Means for separating water from the air may be arranged downstream of the partially filled space.

Means for injecting water into the humidified gas may be provided upstream of the partially filled space.

Multiple tanks can be arranged in a line.

The upstream bath may be provided with relatively dirty water, such as seawater, and the upstream bath may be provided with relatively clean water.

The purpose, features, advantages and characteristics of the engine and how to control the operating conditions of this internal combustion engine will be apparent from the detailed description.

In the following detailed description of the invention, the invention will be described in more detail according to exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.

The invention will be explained in the following detailed description by preferred embodiments. 1, there is shown a large turbocharger two-stroke internal combustion engine 1. This internal combustion engine 1 has a boost air receiver 2 and an exhaust receiver 3, and an exhaust valve belonging to the combustion chamber is indicated by reference numeral 4. The internal combustion engine can be used, for example, as a stationary engine to operate a ship's main engine or a power plant generator. The total power of the internal combustion engine can be in the range of, for example, 5,000 to 70,000 kW, but the invention can also be used in four-stroke engines, for example, having a power of 1,000 kW.

The charge air travels from the charge air receiver 2 to the scavenging port of the individual cylinder. When the exhaust valve 4 is opened, the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust pipe to the exhaust receiver 3, moves through the conventional exhaust pipe 5 to the turbine 6 of the turbocharger, and exhaust gas from the turbine 6. Is discharged through the exhaust pipe (7). The turbine 6 drives a compressor 9, through which the air is supplied via the air inlet 10, through the shaft 8. The inlet air can be heated by an inlet air heater 33 which preferably uses a waste heat source such as cooling water to heat the incoming air. The compressor 9 delivers compressed boost air to the boost air pipe 11 connected to the boost air receiver 2.

The intake air in the supercharged air pipe 11 passes through a cooling device 12 having three spray stages 13-15 as shown. In the first spraying stage 13, hot water generally available, such as sea water, is passed through the pipe 17 to the nebulizer nozzle in an amount that humidifies and cleans the gas. Extra suitable water is supplied to prevent any particles, such as salts or other impurities from seawater, from settling in the gas. In the second spray stage 14, the water supplied through the tube 18 is sprayed in the boost air. Likewise, in the third spray stage 15, fresh water supplied through the tube 19 is sprayed in the boost air. The temperature of the water supplied to each spray stage is controlled in accordance with the desired temperature and humidity of the charge air. The end of each spray stage 13, 14, 15 includes a load collector, which separates the droplets from the charge air that are suspended in the gas and contain undesirable contaminants. Less spray stages may be used in the chiller. The number of spray stages varies, in particular, with the output of the engine.

Sea water and fresh water supplied to the atomizer nozzle are cooled or heated by a heat exchanger 34 using a waste heat source. The waste heat source can be for example internal combustion engine cooling water 35. In addition, the water for chiller 12 may be preheated by heat exchanger 38 with exhaust gas as shown in FIG. 2. The feature of the heat exchanger may be selected so that steam can be condensed and recovered in the exhaust gas.

The absolute humidity and temperature of the charge air leaving the chiller individually controls the temperature of the water supplied to the spray stages 13, 14, 15 of the chiller 12 and that of the inlet air by the inlet air heater 33. Controlled by at least one of controlling the temperature.

The temperature of the air is measured by a cell 39 at the outlet of the chiller 12, which signals a control unit (not shown). The control unit compares the measured temperature with the desired (preset) temperature. If the temperature of the air leaving the chiller 12 does not match the preset value, the control unit adjusts the temperature of the water supplied to the different spray stages of the chiller 12 to eliminate the deviation.

The temperature of the water supplied to the nozzle is controlled so that the desired air temperature and absolute humidity are obtained when the charge air leaves the chiller. In order to obtain the desired operating conditions for the internal combustion engine, the desired air temperature value is chosen depending on the situation, which temperature value can for example ensure that the absolute humidity of the charge air is maximized or the heat load on the internal combustion engine is minimal. It may be set to or may be set in between.

The humidified air is delivered to the exhaust pipe 5 through the auxiliary blower 16 driven by the electric motor 20 and the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which leads to the turbine 6 of the turbocharger 8 and The auxiliary blower 16 pressurizes the boost air flow under partial load conditions. The pipe 24 branches off the exhaust pipe 5 upstream of the turbine 6. The tube 24 is connected to an auxiliary turbine 26 which drives the generator 27. Thus, the extra energy of the exhaust gas stream is converted into power, i.e. energy with high ripeness. The amount of exhaust gas branched and delivered to the auxiliary turbine 26 can be controlled by the variable flow regulator 25 in the tube 24.

Alternatively, the auxiliary turbine 26 can be connected to a hydraulic pump (not shown). In another variant (not shown), the auxiliary turbine 26 drives the blower 30 through the exhaust gas recirculation tube 28.

The auxiliary turbine may be replaced with another kind of gas driven power consumer, for example a practical displacement machine or engine or an impractical displacement machine or engine.

According to another preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the internal combustion engine uses exhaust gas recirculation. The recirculation pipe 28 branches from the exhaust pipe 5, and the recirculation pipe 28 also forms a recirculation passage together with the part of the intake system downstream of the portion connecting the supercharged air pipe 11 and the recirculation pipe 28. It is connected to the supercharged air pipe 11. A second humidifier 29 was inserted into the recirculation tube 28 to humidify and clean the exhaust gas with water. Hot water discharged from the heat exchanger 34 is provided to the second humidifier 29. The gas outlet of the second humidifier 29 is connected to a blower 30 driven by an electric motor 31. Even if the exhaust gas is bypassed on the high pressure side of the turbine 6, the blower 30 must provide the exhaust gas with an increased pressure to a level higher than the boost air pressure in the boost air pipe 11. Despite the pressure ratio between the intake and exhaust sides of the engine, the blower 30 enables recirculation, which means that recirculation can be made at any desired engine load. The recycled exhaust gas may enter the supercharged air line 11 upstream of the chiller 12 as shown, or may enter the supercharged air line 11 downstream of the chiller 12 (not shown). ). Once the recycled exhaust gas is introduced upstream of the chiller 12, the high speed charge air exiting the compressor can be used to at least partially suck the recycled exhaust gas using the injector and venturi effects. In this case, the exhaust gas recirculation can work without the smaller exhaust gas blower 30 or with the smaller exhaust gas blower 30.

Instead of the chiller 12 and the second humidifier 29, a humidifier may be used that includes one or more water tanks 40, 41 in which the exhaust gas is bubbled. Such a humidifier has the advantage that the water in the tank also acts as a sound barrier. These baths 40, 41 are provided with water exiting the heat exchanger 34 at a desired temperature in a relatively cold and relatively warm range. The cooling device 12 and the second humidifier 29 may have one or more spraying stages and may be combined with the spray humidifier, depending on the degree of cleaning and humidification of the exhaust gas.

Example 1

The following example illustrates the operation of the scrubber in an internal combustion engine plant in which the recycled gas is cleaned and humidified in the second humidifier 29 and all of the boost air is humidified in the two stage chiller 12. Engine operating conditions are selected such that a maximum amount of energy can diverge from the exhaust gas flow. For clarity, the calculation is based on an internal combustion engine with a maximum load output of 25,000 kW and a fine supercharged air pressure of 360 kPa.

The internal combustion engine is operated at 100% load and the ambient air has a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 30%, which means that the intake air contains 6 g of water per kg in air. The air consumption of the engine is about 55 kg / s. After the air has passed through the compressor 9, the temperature T1 of the air is 190 ° C. and the relative humidity is 0.25%.

In the first spray stage 13, the sprayer nozzle is supplied with 13 l / s of brine at a temperature of about 70 ° C. This brine temperature is preferably obtained using engine coolant, "waste" energy such as engine exhaust (i.e., energy with low ripening) or other "waste" energy sources. The air is humidified with a relative humidity of at least 90% and has a drying temperature of 85 ° C., resulting in an absolute humidity of 110 g / kg. While exiting the first scrubber, most of the salt content is removed from the air.

In the second humidification and cleaning stage 14, 50 l / s of fresh water is sprayed through the nebulizer nozzle at a water temperature of 100 to 150 ° C. (preferably obtained using the “waste” energy of the exhaust gas). The temperature of the air is maintained at about 85 ° C., whereby 100% saturated humidity air has an absolute humidity of about 120 g / kg.

If a separate second humidifier 29 is used to clean the recycled exhaust gas in the tube 28, it will be appropriate to humidify the exhaust gas to a temperature of about 100% and a relative humidity of about 100% at the same time as the cleaning.

The air leaving the scrubber will have a temperature of about 85 ° C. and an absolute humidity of 120 g / kg. Compared with conventional supercharged air having a temperature of 37 ° C. and an absolute humidity of 6 g / kg, the energy contained in the exhaust gas flow is increased by 30%, for example 16500 kW for selected engines. By this additional 16500 kW, 16% of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas flow can be diverted from the exhaust gas pipe 5 and delivered to the auxiliary turbine 26. Everything else is the same, and substantially the same amount of energy as the conventional engine was used in the form of fuel. Thus, by increasing some energy input, an additional power of 1675 kW is obtained in the auxiliary turbine, which results in a 4% improvement in specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC).

Example 2

Example 2 illustrates the possibility of selecting operating conditions with low heat loads on the engine. According to the same ambient conditions and engine load as described above, the sprayer nozzle of the first cleaning stage 13 is supplied with seawater at a rate of at least 20 l / s at a temperature of 30 ° C., thereby increasing the temperature of the supercharged air T1. Is changed to about 75 ° C. by evaporation, humidified to about 90% relative humidity, and the absolute humidity reaches a level of about 65 g / kg.

In the second washing stage 14, 60 l / s of water is supplied at a temperature of about 30 ° C. This water cools the charge air to about 37 ° C. and the absolute humidity of 100% saturated gas is about 11 g / kg.

Thus, a setting with a low heat load of the engine has been reached, for example set for use when an indication of the engine's thermal overload is shown.

Example 3

Example 3 illustrates the possibility of selecting operating conditions with medium heat loads on the engine. As described above, according to the same ambient conditions and engine load, seawater is supplied to the atomizer nozzle of the first washing stage 13 at a rate of 13 l / s at a temperature of 50 ° C. This not only changes the temperature of the charge air to about 75 ° C. but also humidifies the charge air with a relative humidity of about 80%. Thus, absolute humidity reaches a level of about 59 g / kg.

In the second washing stage 14, 50 l / s of water is supplied at a temperature of about 76 ° C. This water cools the charge air to about 75 ° C. and the absolute humidity of 100% saturated gas is about 76 g / kg.

Thus, a setting with an intermediate heat load is obtained, whereby operating conditions with reduced NOx emissions are obtained, and the amount of power that can diverge from the exhaust gas flow is less than the amount of power in Example 1.

4 and 5 show another embodiment of the present invention. The internal combustion engine 1 has a boost air receiver 2 and an exhaust receiver 3, and an exhaust valve belonging to the combustion chamber is denoted by reference numeral 4. The boost air travels from the scavenging receiver 2 to the exhaust port of the individual cylinders. When the exhaust valve 4 is opened, the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust pipe to the exhaust receiver 3, and moves through the conventional exhaust pipe 5 to the turbine 6 of the turbocharger, from which the exhaust gas is exhausted. 7) is discharged through. The turbine 6 drives the compressor 9, via the shaft 8, supplied through the air inlet 10. The inlet air can be heated by an inlet air heater 33 which preferably uses a waste heat source such as cooling water to heat the incoming air. The compressor 9 delivers pressurized boost air to the boost air pipe 11 connected to the boost air receiver 2. The intake air in the supercharged air pipe 11 passes through the humidifier 12 'including the two water tanks 40, 41.

The internal combustion engine may comprise an exhaust gas recirculation circuit. In such a case, the recirculation pipe 28 is branched from the exhaust pipe 5, and this recirculation circuit 28 is connected to the charging air pipe 11, so that the recycling pipe 28 is connected to the recirculation pipe and the charging air pipe 11. A recycle passage is formed with a portion of the intake system downstream of the point of connection. An exhaust gas blower 30 driven by the electric motor 31 can be arranged in the recycle tube 28 to promote the recirculated gas to the supercharged air tube 11. The recirculated gas passes through a humidifier 29 'having two water tanks 40, 41.

The structure of the humidifier 12 'is in principle the same as that of the humidifier 29'. Therefore, the detailed structure of the humidifier 12 ', 29' is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 5 shows a two stage humidifier. The two stages are connected to each other by a tube 50. The humidifier may also include more stages or only one stage. A bath humidifier and a spray humidifier can be combined. Each end includes a housing 44, 44 ′ having a space 42, 42 ′ at least partially filled with water. The pipes 43, 43 ′ carry the gas that is charged into the housings 44, 44 ′ to a point below the spaces 42, 42 ′. The spaces 42, 42 'are arranged inside the housing, and the spaces 42, 42' are at least partially filled with water. Water is supplied through inlets 47 and 47 'and discharged through outlets 48 and 48'. The water is preferably supplied continuously, and less water is continuously removed. Preferably, the temperature of the water supplied to the spaces 42, 42 'is controlled. The spaces 42 and 42 'are defined by the housing, the upper boundary portions 46 and 46', and the lower boundary portions 45 and 45 '. These boundaries 45, 45 ', 46, 46' form a flow restriction that creates a pressure drop. The boundaries 45, 45 ', 46, 46' are provided with a number of holes, through which the humidified gas enters the spaces 42 and 42 and exits from the spaces 42 and 42 '. When gas flows in through the lower boundary portions 45 and 45 ', a large amount of bubbles are formed and the bubbles are properly exposed to water by the bubbles. That is, the boundary parts 45, 45 ', 46, 46' can be formed by a lattice or a porous plate.

In order to further improve the degree of humidification, a spray injector 49 may be provided in the duct 42. After each stage of the humidifier, water air separation means (not shown), such as a mist catcher, are provided.

The water tanks 40 and 41 of the humidifier 12 'humidify the gas to 100% relative humidity. Most impurities in the gas are removed, and noise accompanying the gas is prevented from continuing to propagate through the system.

While the invention has been described in detail for purposes of illustration, it will be understood that such details are for purposes of illustration only, and that those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Thus, while preferred embodiments of the present apparatus and method have been disclosed with reference to the surrounding environment, such apparatus and method are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Other embodiments and configurations may be devised without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Since the internal combustion engine is operated with boosted air of increased temperature and absolute humidity compared to the conventional internal combustion engine, the total energy content of the boosted air is higher than that of the conventional internal combustion engine. Since the air from the compressor is not cooled, the temperature and absolute humidity of the charge air is increased, i.e. the temperature is lowered to some extent but energy from the charge air is not lost. Instead, the energy in the boost air is conserved, or even energy is added to the boost air, for example by spraying water with a controlled temperature into the boost air.

Since the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas is affected by an increase in the absolute humidity of the boost air, the energy content of the exhaust gas flow is increased compared to conventional operating conditions, so that some of the exhaust gas branches off to the secondary turbine. Can be used to drive Thus, using substantially the same amount of fuel increases the total energy output of the internal combustion engine.

By humidifying the boost air to add "waste" energy to the boost air to avoid cooling, the final additional energy content in the exhaust gas flow can be branched and the total energy efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved. On the other hand, the total energy efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved because the low energy of the spent energy can be recovered to the high energy of the energy by diverging more energy from the exhaust gas flow.

The present invention is advantageous in that it is preferable to operate the turbocharged internal combustion engine with cold turbocharged air in order to reduce the heat load on the internal combustion engine, because low temperature supercharged air has the advantage of slightly improving the efficiency of the combustion process of the internal combustion engine. Overcome preconceptions Moreover, due to the high absolute humidity of the charge air, the quality of the exhaust gas is improved because of lowering the NOx level.

Claims (31)

A turbocharger having a turbine 6 driven by exhaust gas and a compressor 9 driven by the turbine, for supplying boosted air to the internal combustion engine cylinder, and an exhaust pipe for sending exhaust gas from the cylinder to the turbine 6. ), And a large turbocharged internal combustion engine comprising a cooling device (12) for cooling the turbocharged air by water injection, The chiller 12 is operated to obtain high absolute humidity and relatively high temperature boost air, resulting in an increase in the energy content of both the charge air and the exhaust gas, A large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine characterized by having a power consumption section (26) that utilizes at least a portion of the increased energy content of the exhaust gas by being driven by the exhaust gas branching from the exhaust pipe (5). 2. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power consumption portion is an auxiliary turbine (26). 2. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the water supplied to the cooling device has a temperature above the ambient temperature. 4. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine of claim 3, wherein the temperature of the water supplied to the cooling device is increased above ambient by the waste energy of the internal combustion engine. 2. The large supercharger according to claim 1, wherein the charge air is brought to a high humidity and relatively high temperature so that the energy content of the boost air and the exhaust gas is increased, and the increased energy content in the exhaust gas is used to drive the power consumer. 2-stroke internal combustion engine. 2. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the power consumption unit (26) drives a generator (27), a hydraulic pump or an exhaust gas recirculation blower, or a combination thereof. 2. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion according to claim 1, further comprising a recirculation passage (28) branching from the exhaust pipe (5), connected to the boost air pipe (11) and returning a portion of the exhaust gas to the internal combustion engine cylinder. Agency. 8. A large supercharged two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the recirculation passage (28) comprises a second humidifier (29). 9. The recirculation passage (28) according to claim 8, wherein the recirculation passage (28) comprises a pipe branching from the exhaust pipe (5) upstream of the turbine and connected to the boost air pipe (11) downstream of the compressor (9), wherein the pipe (28) is A large supercharged two-stroke internal combustion engine, characterized in that it is connected to a second humidifier (29) and a blower (30), to an outlet at the compressor outlet to increase the pressure in the recycled exhaust gas, or to both. 10. The cleaning apparatus (12) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein at least one of the cooling device (12) and the second humidifier (29) includes a scrubber having a plurality of water spray stages, and a water tank (40) in which bubbles are generated when gas passes. 41) A large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising at least one of: 41). 2. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means (33, 34) for controlling absolute humidity in the boost air exiting the cooling device (12). 12. The large supercharge two stroke according to claim 11, wherein said means for controlling the absolute humidity of the boost air comprises means (34) for controlling the temperature of water entering the boost air by the cooling device (12). Internal combustion engine. Large size including a turbine 6 driven by exhaust gas, a compressor 9 driven by the turbine, and a turbocharger for supplying boost air to the internal combustion engine cylinder, and a cooling device 12 for humidifying the boost air with water. As a method of controlling the operating conditions of the turbocharged internal combustion engine 1, Adding water to the charge air in the cooling device (12), Controlling the absolute humidity of the turbocharged internal combustion engine by measuring the temperature of the booster air downstream of the chiller and adjusting the temperature of the added water in accordance with the measured temperature. 14. A part according to claim 13, branching up a portion of the exhaust gas flow upstream of the turbine (6), so that the energy contained in the branched exhaust gas is transferred to a power consumer such as an auxiliary turbine (26) for driving the generator (27). A method of controlling the operating conditions of a large turbocharged internal combustion engine, further comprising the step of using. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the absolute humidity of the charge air is controlled according to the lowest temperature and absolute humidity of the charge air and an intermediate state between the highest temperature and absolute humidity. . 16. A method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of controlling the absolute humidity of the boost air at 11 to 120 g / kg downstream of the chiller (12). 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising controlling the temperature of the charge air downstream of the chiller (12) to 37 ° C to 85 ° C. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the branched exhaust gas is controlled at an energy content of 0-16% of the total energy content of the exhaust gas flow. 14. The exhaust gas according to claim 13, characterized in that the exhaust gas is cooled down by the exhaust gas cooler (38), preferably below the dew point, in order to condense and recover the water contained in the exhaust gas. How to control the operating conditions of large turbocharged internal combustion engines. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the amount of exhaust gas branched to the energy consumption section is controlled by a variable flow regulator (25). Large size including a turbine 6 driven by exhaust gas, a compressor 9 driven by the turbine, a turbocharger for supplying boost air to the internal combustion engine cylinder, and a humidifier 12 'for humidifying the boost air with water. In supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine, The humidifier (12 ') is a large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises one or more tanks (40, 41, 40', 41 ') through which the boost air passes. A turbine 6 driven by exhaust gas and a compressor 9 driven by the turbine, a turbocharger for supplying boosted air to the internal combustion engine cylinder, an exhaust gas recirculation tube, and a humidifier for humidifying the gas recycled with water (29). In a large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising '), The humidifier (29 ') is a large super two-stroke internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises at least one tank through which the recycled exhaust gas passes. 23. The water tank according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the water tanks (40, 41) are housings (44, 44 ') defining spaces (42, 42') at least partially filled with water, and the space (42) being humidified. And 42 ') a downwardly directed duct (43, 43') carrying into said housing (44, 44 ') to a point below. The space 42, 42 'is delimited downwardly by the lower boundary portions 45, 45' and preferably upwardly by the upper boundary portions 46, 46 '. 45, 45 ', 46, 46') are large turbocharged two-stroke internal combustion engines, characterized in that they form a flow limit that causes a pressure drop in the flowing gas. The lower boundary portion (45, 45 ') includes a plurality of holes through which the gas being humidified passes to form a large amount of gas bubbles passing through the water in the space (42, 42'). Large supercharge 2 stroke internal combustion engine characterized by the above-mentioned. 23. The water tank (40) and (41) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the water tanks (40, 41) are also provided with water inlets (47, 47 ') for supplying water to the spaces (42, 42'). A large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising a water outlet (48, 48 ') for removing water. 23. A large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 21 or 22, comprising means for separating water from the gas being humidified arranged downstream of the space (42, 42 '). 23. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 21 or 22, comprising means (49) for injecting water into the gas humidified upstream of the space (42). 23. A large supercharged two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 21 or 22, comprising a plurality of tanks (40, 41) arranged in a row. 30. The large supercharge two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 29, wherein the upstream water tank (40) is provided with relatively dirty water, such as seawater, and the downstream water tank is provided with relatively clean water. 9. A large supercharged two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 8, characterized in that the second humidifier (29) is in the form of a water tank (40, 41), through which the exhaust gas is bubbled.

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