KR100510240B1 - Senock, A New Kind of Grass - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a new grass species, Senok , selected through artificial breeding and pavement moisture between the grassy grass species Zoysia sinica and Zoysia matrella , which has a narrow leaf width. It is about.

Grass new varieties according to the present invention has a high greenness, low growth characteristics of the grass, high abrasion resistance, high abrasion resistance, excellent quality after mowing, narrow blade width of the grass texture is delicate, while minimizing maintenance costs There is an effect that can maintain a good grass surface.

Description

Senoc, A New Kind of Grass

The present invention is a new grass species, Senok , selected through artificial breeding and pavement moisture between the grassy grass species Zoysia sinica and Zoysia matrella , which has a narrow leaf width. It is about.

Recently, as the use of grass increases, the development of various varieties for each purpose is urgently required, such as varieties which have a high rate of composition and easy to grow, long-lasting varieties, and seed type varieties. Many new varieties of nutrients are emerging. In addition, Korean grass has a different degree of dormancy of seeds in each strain, which makes it possible to cultivate varieties with high natural germination rates (Forbes & Ferguson, J. Am. Soc. Agron., 40: 725-32, 1952). Seed varieties such as 'Zenith', 'J37' and 'J36' have been made and distributed (Ruemmele & Engelke, Grounds Maintenance, April, 92-126, 1990). Among these, Zenith is imported to Korea and is being used in stadiums and golf courses.

Breeding of Korean grass began in the United States. It is reported that korea grasses entered the United States from Asia by the explorers between 1895 and early 1900 (Ruemmele & Engelke, Grounds Maintenance, April, 92-126, 1990; Christians & Engelke, Choosing the right grass to fit the environment.p. 99-113.In: AR Leslie (ed.). Integrated pest management for turf and ornamentals, CRC Press, Levis Publishers, 1994). At that time, grass breeders in the United States showed the possibility of grassy grass ( Z. japonica ), silk grass ( Z. tenuifolia ) with very thin and cold-tolerant leaves, and gold grass ( Z. matrella ) with their intermediate properties. It was judged that there was a strong flame resistant Z. sinica and Z. macrostachya did not get the response from the grass managers.

For that reason, the first of its kind in the United States was FC13521, a multi-leaf, dense form of the grass family. However, FC13521 has low cold resistance (Beard, JB, Turfgrass: Science and Culture.Pretice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ p.132-147 & 511, 1973), and its use has declined since then in 1951. The selected 'Meyer' was used as an excellent lawn with cold resistance, dark green color, and mesenchymal characteristics. In 1955, the US Department of Agriculture developed 'Emerald', an F ₁ hybrid made from artificial crosses of grass and silk grass. 'Emerald' has been evaluated as a good grass by sharing the characteristics of cold density, which is one of the characteristics of field grass, and high density, which is the characteristic of silk grass, but it has a disadvantage of poor disease resistance.

Since then, mid-sized grasses have been selected, including Midwest (1963), Belair (1985), and rust and dry-resistant El Toro (Youngner, VB, US PP5,845, 1986). In 1988, Pursley Sod Co. registered the first patented 'Cashmere' to accelerate the commercialization of Korean grass, and is currently working on breeding Korean grass at the University of California and Texas A & M University. Was selected and registered Z. matrella 'Cavalier' as a nutritional variety with high quality (US PP10,778).

In Korea, research on Korean turfgrass began at Seoul National University in 1965, and studies on the induction of mutations by colchicine treatment were reported (Lim, YP, Studies on the colchicine induced mutant in zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.), MS Thesis, Seoul National University, 1982), it was confirmed that cross-breeding is possible through artificial breeding (Hong & Yeam, J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 26 (2): 169-78, 1985). They reported that Korean grasses were hybridized between five species, and hybrids among the hybrids showed the middle type of both parents in morphological characteristics and hybrid stresses in the growth rate. Created.

Since then, 47 of the collection and artificial breeding systems fostered at Seoul National University were distributed by Dankook University in 1990, and grass breeding began.In 1991 and 1992, 93 species were collected from the south coast and west coast of the Korean Peninsula. , Secured genetic resources These collections were characterized by isoenzyme and RAPD analysis (Yang, et al., Korean Society for Horticultural Science 36 (2): 240-7, 1995; Choi, et al., Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science 38 (4): 399-407, 1997; Choi, et al., J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38 (6): 789-95, 1997). Korean grass has been cultivated by breeding, synthetic breeding, and transformation. Since 1995, grass breeding has been carried out at Konkuk University and Anyang Turf-environmental Research Institute. Konkuk University has fostered 'Kun-hee' varieties, and Anyang Turf-environmental Research Institute has grown a number of varieties in addition to 'Anyang-Stop' (KR 10-0277113). B1).

In the case of Anyang middle ground, the disease resistance, cold resistance was excellent, but the leaf height was difficult to manage.

Accordingly, the present inventors have made efforts to develop new grass varieties that have a suitable leaf width and grow low, and are easy to manage. As a result, Z. sinica , a species of high-flame-resistant Korean grass, and a species of Korean grass having a narrow leaf width Subsequent artificial breeding of Z. matrella was selected from the seedlings, and the new varieties, Senocks, which were selected from the subsidiaries obtained through fertilization, were selected from the test packaging, and the new varieties were the greenness of the grass. It is high, the leaf quality is high, wear resistance is high, and the leaf width of the grass is narrow, the texture is fine and confirmed that it has excellent characteristics and completed the present invention.

As a result, the main object of the present invention is to provide a new breed of breeding grass Sennock with excellent density, grass color, grass quality and the like.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is selected by artificially cross-checking the system selected by artificial mating grass and gold grass, provides a new breed of grass (Senock) that has the following characteristics and is nourished by the stem or root. do:

(a) Lobe width: mesenchyme of about 3.1 mm;

(b) height: about 14 cm;

(c) leaf angle: about 67.3 degrees; And

(d) Length from ground to leaf base of leaf: approximately 2 cm.

In the present invention, the new turfgrass species Senox may be characterized by showing specific bands of 8.9 kb and 9.3 kb when RAPD analysis is performed using the primer of SEQ ID NO: 1.

The present invention is composed of the steps of collection and evaluation of genetic resources, artificial breeding, post-breeding seeding and seed treatment, selection of stormwater system, selection system characteristics, RAPD analysis, naming, breeding.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention in more detail, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples in accordance with the gist of the present invention. .

Example 1: Collection and Evaluation of Genetic Resources

Gene collection was conducted in 1991 to investigate the status of native grassland of Korean grass, which is distributed on the south and west coasts and island areas of the Korean peninsula and collected native grasses with unusual morphological characteristics. The period of collection was from June to August when the seeds were mature and plentiful, and the collection area may contain various varieties of Z. sinica, Z. macrostachya, Z. matrella, and Z. tenuifolia, which lacked research data. Among the expected coasts and islands, Anmyeondo, South Coast, Jeju Island, Seonyudo, Geoje Island were chosen, and some were collected inland. The collected local species were evaluated after being planted and managed at intervals of 1 × 1m on Dankook University pavement. Artificial genetic crosses were obtained using the collected gene sources.

Example 2 Artificial Crossing and Idle Moisture

The best of the collection systems performed artificial crosses in the greenhouse. The grasses with excellent growth among the collected species planted in Dankook University's experimental pavement were collected with a 10.5cm diameter plug using a hole cutter used in a golf course, planted in a 12.5cm diameter, 15cm deep container, and then It was placed in a controlled greenhouse. Lawn in the greenhouse was carried out cross-plant artificial cross using a brush (Fig. 1).

Fertilized seed was harvested with neglected seeds in pavement and greenhouse conditions. Since the Korean grass began to bloom in May and pollinated for about a month, the seed harvest was harvested in early July when it was ripened for about a month after fertilization.

Example 3: Rape and Seed Treatment

The harvested seeds were ripened for 2 weeks at room temperature, and the dormant was broken by washing with water for 24 hours after seeding for 25 minutes in 30% KOH solution. Seeded seeds were sown one by one on a 162 hole plug plate. Seedlings were planted at intervals of 40 × 40 cm on the test packaging and examined for degree of variation.

Example 4 Characteristic Study

The survey was carried out on the number of flowers, leaf width, hairiness, leaf angle, blue retention in autumn, blue retention in spring, mite damage and rust damage. The degree of variation by other growth characteristics was visually investigated.

CSM8 (Sennock) grew rapidly in the system, grew to high density, and dark green. In addition, the quality of the grass was very good, and the degree of infection with rust was low (Table 1).

In Table 1, the slow growth rate is 1, and the fast growth rate is 9, and the growth type is close to the runner type 1, and the high density type is 9. The leaf color is indicated by 1 as light green and dark green as 9. The quality of the grass is represented by 1 for bad and 9 for good. In the case of rust and mite, 1 non-infected species and 9 severely infected species were indicated.

Growth Characteristics of Idle Plant Moths of CSM System Obtained after Artificial Grass Breeding of Seagrass and Goldgrass. System number Creeping diameter (dog) Growth rate Growth type Leaf color quality Rust Mite CSM1 2 7 5 7 9 2 2 CSM2 2 5 4 6 7 3 3 CSM3 2 7 3 4 4 3 One CSM4 2 7 3 4 4 One 4 CSM5 0 7 6 8 9 4 One CSM6 2 7 5 6 7 3 3 CSM7 2 7 3 4 4 2 9 CSM 8 (Senock) 2 7 6 8 9 One 7 CSM9 2 7 5 6 6 3 One CSM10 2 7 5 6 6 8 2 CSM11 0 4 One 2 2 3 One CSM12 0 5 2 4 4 One One CSM13 2 7 4 6 6 One One CSM14 2 5 3 4 5 2 8

Example 5 Investigation of Characteristics of Selected Lines

Investigation of growth-related characteristics of the selected strains was performed. Among the grass species in Korea, Z. tenuifolia, which cannot be cultivated in the winter in the Cheonan region, uses grass grown in the greenhouse.

Leaf width, which is an effective property to distinguish grass, was averaged by selecting 10 individual randomly selected first leaves. Leaf angle was measured by using a drafting protractor to measure the degree of grass leaves from the central axis of the vertical burr, and the presence or absence of hair was observed with the naked eye (2). (1) and hairless (0).

The leaf width of Sennock was 3.1 mm, which was similar to that of mudgrass, and narrower than that of wild grass (FIG. 4).

The height of Sennock was 14cm, which was similar to that of gold grass, and was lower than that of mudgrass.

The leaf angle of Sennock was very wide at 67.3 degrees. This characteristic is very wide compared to 38.4 degrees of mud grass (Figure 5).

Sennock's mouth length was 11.8cm, which was longer than that of grass.

The length from the ground to the base of the lowermost lobe, the height of the lowest lobe, is a very important indicator of turf care. In other words, the longer the length from the ground to the leaf base of the lowest lobe, the lower the mowing height. Therefore, the shorter the length from the ground to the leaf base of the lowest lobe, the lower the turf. The Senock was 2.0cm in length from the ground to the base of the leaf body of the lowest lobe. It is shorter than 2.7cm of grass, and is considered to be a favorable species to manage low on the golf course.

The leaf length of the third leaf was 4.5cm and shorter than 5.6cm in Anyang middle ground. Table 2 shows the morphological characteristics of the five basic and new varieties of grass in Korea.

Morphological Characteristics of Five Basic Grasses and Varieties of Korean Grass. kind Leaf width (mm) Extra long (cm) Leaf Angle (°) Length of mouth (cm) Height of the lowest lobe ^z (cm) Leaf length of the third leaf (cm) Grass 5.5 (0.63)  19.6 (3.80)  47.8 (9.78)   9.9 (2.09)  2.5 (0.36) 3.3 (0.75) ^y Grassland 3.0 (0.32)  26.2 (4.05)  38.4 (6.97)   9.2 (2.51)  8.2 (1.73) 4.0 (0.79) King turf 4.0 (0.38)  32.7 (4.25)  39.7 (4.90)   8.0 (1.31) 12.4 (1.18) 3.5 (0.68) Gold grass 2.0 (0.13)  18.9 (2.63)  39.1 (8.77)   7.2 (2.80)  2.7 (0.59) 3.8 (0.41) Silk grass 0.3 (0.08)   3.6 (0.81)  45.6 (6.88)   2.3 (0.10)  0.8 (0.11) 1.2 (0.14) Anyang Stop 4.2 (0.69)  35.9 (4.07)  41.0 (10.11)  17.2 (2.55)  7.8 (1.39) 5.6 (1.01) Samdeok Stop 4.0 (0.52)  36.8 (2.66)  40.6 (8.54)  13.2 (2.55)  9.6 (1.04) 5.3 (0.83) Zenith (seed type) 4.3 (0.31)  15.7 (2.00)  42.5 (9.93)  12.0 (2.84)  2.9 (0.42) 3.8 (0.62) Senoch (Senock) 3.1 (0.17) 14.0 (5.67) 67.3 (11.11)  11.8 (1.14)  2.0 (0.14) 4.5 (0.67)

^z Length from ground level to leaf base of lowermost lobe.

^y Standard deviation.

The node length of Sennock was 2.7cm and longer than 1.9cm of silk grass. Hair was not observed on the leaves of Sennock. However, Anyang, Samdeok, Wild grass, and Zenith were found to have hairs on one side.

The dormant color was light brown with Zenith, and the grass and gold grass were brown. On the other hand, other grasses, including Sennock, were reddish brown. The colors of the cloth were Senoch, Anyang, and Samdeok.

The growth type was examined in the form of Senock, Zenith, and grass.

The growth rate was the most vigorous, and the slowest was silk turf. Sennock showed a growth rate similar to that of mudgrass.

The leaf color of Sennock was so dark green that it was easy to distinguish it from other grasses. Table 3 shows the morphological and growth characteristics of the five basic and new varieties of grass in Korea.

Morphological and Growth Characteristics of Five Korean Grasses and Varieties. 5 basic species and varieties Measure length (cm) hair Growth characteristics Dormant color Creep color Growth type Growth rate Leaf color Grass 4.1 (0.44) ^Z One 5 7 7  7.5 5 Grassland 5.0 (0.57) 0 7 7 One 6 5 King turf 4.7 (0.54) 0 7 7 One  7.5 5 Gold grass 3.0 (0.21) 0 5 7 5 6 6 Silk grass 1.9 (0.27) 0 - 5 5 One 5 Anyang Stop 5.8 (0.57) One 7 7 5  8.5 5 Samdeok Stop 4.0 (0.48) One 7 7 5 9 5 Zenith 3.3 (0.32) One 3 3 7 7 5 Sennock 2.7 (0.52) 0 7 7 7 6 8

^z Standard deviation.

In Table 3, hairs on both sides of the leaves are represented by 0, hairs on only one side, 1 and hairs on both sides. The dormant color of the turf was light brown 3, brown 5 and red brown 7. Creep infarction was yellowish green 3, mauve 5 and progressive. The growth type is shown as 1 in the upright type and 9 in the group type. The growth rate was 1 for slow and 9 for fast, and 1 for green and 1 for dark green.

Example 6: Selection of RAPD Primer Labels

It is considered very important to identify Korean grasses using genetic characteristics in addition to their morphological characteristics. In this experiment, we conducted experiments using different DNA extraction and PCR conditions for each grass to find effective methods for identifying Korean grasses. It was.

DNA extraction was performed by modifying the CTAB method (Rogers & Bendich, Plant molecular biology manual A6: 1-10, 1988) and using a simple method effective for extracting DNA from Korean grass. 0.4 g of grass leaves growing in the greenhouse were put in a mortar and ground by adding liquid nitrogen. The pulverized product was immediately placed in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube and mixed with 1 mL of 2 × CTAB buffer and reacted at 65 ° C. for at least 30 minutes. The tube was placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged at 11,000 g for about 10 minutes to recover the supernatant.

The separated supernatant was transferred to a new tube, the same amount of chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (24: 1) mixed solution was added and mixed well, followed by centrifugation. The supernatant was transferred to a new tube, 1/4 volume of 5M potassium acetate was added and mixed well, and then the same amount of isopropanol was added and precipitated at -20 ° C for at least 10 minutes. The precipitated solution was centrifuged at 4,000 g for 10 minutes, and then the supernatant was removed to obtain pellets. This was dissolved in high-salt TE buffer and centrifuged at 11,000 g for 5 minutes to remove impurities. The supernatant was transferred to a new tube, and 2 times ethyl alcohol (95%) was added and precipitated at -20 ° C for at least 1 hour. The precipitate was centrifuged at 4,000 g for 10 minutes to obtain a final DNA pellet. The pellet was dried overnight at room temperature. The dried DNA was stored in 500 μl of 0.1 × TE buffer (pH 8.0). The obtained DNA was quantified by measuring the absorbance at 260nm and 280nm with a spectrophotometer (SMART Plus 190DU, Korea) and the purity was assayed.

PCR amplified the extracted DNA using Minicycler (MJ Research Inc.). To find the optimal PCR conditions, the total reaction volume was adjusted to 50 μl, and the DNA content of the grass species extracted by the above method was used as a template, and the amount of template DNA was compared using 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ng. Primer compared 16 types of 10mer (Operon Tech. Inc.). Taq polymerase concentration was compared with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 units. The concentration of dNTP (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) was compared with 0.1mM, 0.2mM, 0.3mM, and the buffer used was composed of 100mM Tris-HCl, 1.5mM MgCl ₂ , 50mM KCl (pH 8.3). The temperature for the PCR reaction was repeated 45 times 94 ℃, 38 ℃, 72 ℃.

After PCR reaction, 3 μl of 1.4% agarose gel was used for electrophoresis at 100V in TBE buffer for 3 hours and then stained with ethidium bromide for 30 minutes. The stained agarose gel was decolorized in TBE buffer for 40 minutes.

Senoc has two polymorphic bands around 8.9 kb and 9.3 kb that can be distinguished from other grasses by PCR using OPB-07 primer having the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 among 10mer (Operon Tech. Inc.) primers. (FIG. 8).

SEQ ID NO: 5'-ggtgacgcag-3 '

Example 7 Nutritional Propagation of Sennock

In order to check the proliferation rate of each seed during the production of seedlings using the nutrients of Senock, a total of nine plug plates were installed in a totally random arrangement with three repetitions of 128-hole plug plates. In addition, a total of 15 experimental zones were installed with 5 repetitions of the ingot method using 1m × 2m spheres in order to determine the lawn composition rate using plug seedlings prepared with Sennock. Plug seedling spacing was tested at intervals of 20 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm.

When the plug seedlings were made using a runner containing three nodes, the survival rate was the highest as 93.3%, and when the runners including one node were planted, the survival rate of the seedlings dropped to 83.3%. The runner planting with 2 nodes showed a survival rate of 89.7%, which was lower than that with 3 nodes (Table 4).

Therefore, when producing plug seedlings using the new grass of Korea Senock, it was found that it was most appropriate to use a runner containing 2 to 3 nodes.

Survival of Plug Seedlings According to Number of Nodes Used in Nutritional Propagation of Senock, Korea Grass. No. Number of nodes used Plug seedling survival rate (%) One 1 measure 83.3b 2 2 nodes 89.7ab 3 3 measure 93.3a

Table 5 shows the coverage and runner growth by planting different planting intervals 20cm, 25cm, and 30cm using plug seedlings prepared with the new grass of Korea, Senock.

After three months, the coverage was 27% and 24%, respectively, when the plug seedlings were planted at 20cm and 25cm. This shows a composition efficiency higher than 11% when planted at 30cm. In the coverage test after 4 months of composition, the coverages of test plots prepared at 20cm and 25cm intervals were high at 47% and 37%, respectively.

When the number of runner growth according to the planting interval was investigated, the most runner growth was observed at 7.24 plants / plug in the treatment plants planted at 20cm intervals.

The runner growth length and node length according to the planting interval were higher than those planted with 25cm and 30cm in 17.3cm and 1.68cm, respectively. However, statistically, there was no significant difference, so runner growth length and node length according to planting interval did not show any variation even after nutrition propagation.

As a result, it was most efficient to produce plug seedlings using runners containing 2-3 nodes in order to rapidly grow Korean grass senock. In this case, it was found that composition was possible without showing variation in node length and runner growth length. 3 is a grass surface formed by nutrition propagation in the above manner.

Coverage and Growth of Runner after Plug Seedlings of Grass, Senock, Korea. Planting spacing (cm) % Coverage (after 3 months) % Coverage (after 4 months) Number of runners (/ plug) Runner growth length (㎝) Madigan length (cm) 20 27a 47a 7.24a 17.30a 1.68a 25 24a 37a 6.28b 15.52a 1.66a 30 11b 19b 5.80b 15.06a 1.60a

The present invention is a mesenchymal type, low leaf length, broad leaf angle, short length from the ground to the base of the leaf body, which was selected by re-watering the lines obtained by artificial breeding method of grass and gold grass. It is effective to provide a new breed of vegetation, Sennock, which has a high greenness of leaves.

New varieties of senok according to the present invention have high greenness, low growth characteristics, high leaf quality, high abrasion resistance, excellent quality after mowing, narrow grass width, delicate texture, and excellent grass while minimizing maintenance costs. It is effective to maintain the noodles.

1 is an artificial breeding state using the collection system of the Korean grass.

Figure 2 is a photograph of the grass surface in the management state of new varieties Senock (Senock).

3 is a view of the grass surface of the new breed of Senock (Senock) was formed by plug nutrition.

Figure 4 is a photograph comparing the leaf width of the new species Senock (Senock) with other Korean grass.

5 is a photograph comparing the granularity of the new species Senok (Senock) with other Korean grass.

Figure 6 is a photograph comparing the density of the new species Senok (Senock) with other Korean grass.

Figure 7 is a photograph comparing the ball stiffness (stiffness) of the new varieties (Senock) leaves with other Korean grass.

Figure 8 is a photograph showing the difference between the RAPD band of the new breed Senock (Senock). Lane 1: Grass, Lane: Mud, Lane 3: Golden Grass, Lane 4: Anyangji, Lane 5: Samduk Jung, Lane 6: Zenith, Lane 7: Meyer, Lane 8: Sennock and Lane M: Marker DNA . (←) denotes a Senoc unique DNA band that is distinct from other species.

<110> CHOI, Joon Soo YANG, Geun Mo <120> Senock, A New Kind of Grass <160> 1 <170> KopatentIn 1.71 <210> 1 <211> 10 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> OPB-07 <400> 1 ggtgacgcag 10

Claims (3)

New varieties of grass, Senock, which are selected by artificially mating mudgrass and goldgrass, are selected by rehydration, and have the following characteristics and are nourished by stems and roots: (a) Lobe width: mesenchyme of about 3.1 mm; (b) height: about 14 cm; (c) leaf angle: about 67.3 degrees; And (d) Length from ground to leaf base of leaf: approximately 2 cm. According to claim 1, RAPD analysis using the primer of SEQ ID NO: 1, new turfgrass species Senok (Senock), characterized in that showing a specific band of 8.9kb and 9.3kb. The new grass species according to claim 1, wherein the leaf color is dark green, there is no hair on the leaf, the leaf length is about 4.5 cm, and the node length is about 2.7 cm.