CN107439220B - High-yield cultivation method for asparagus - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for asparagus Download PDFInfo
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- CN107439220B CN107439220B CN201710706385.7A CN201710706385A CN107439220B CN 107439220 B CN107439220 B CN 107439220B CN 201710706385 A CN201710706385 A CN 201710706385A CN 107439220 B CN107439220 B CN 107439220B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for non-all-male asparagus varieties, which adopts the seeds of the common commercial conventional non-all-male asparagus varieties and can achieve the purposes of increasing yield and improving quality through the steps of sowing and seedling raising, sex identification, isolated cultivation, conventional management and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of asparagus cultivation, and in particular relates to a high-yield cultivation method for non-all-male asparagus varieties.
Background
Asparagus officinalis L belongs to Asparagus perennial herbaceous plants in Liliaceae, is a nutritional health-care high-grade vegetable deeply loved by consumers, and is a reputation of vegetable king. Through the seed sowing and planting, the asparagus tender stem can be continuously harvested for more than 10 years.
The existing large-scale asparagus planting adopts a seed cultivation mode. At present, the commercial asparagus improved variety is mostly an amphoteric variety bred by adopting a conventional breeding mode, in the cultivation process, female plants and male plants in a population are mixed and distributed, and the theoretical ratio is 1: 1. In the flowering phase, female plants in the population are pregnant, and 5-7% of dry matter in the plants is consumed for fruit development. Therefore, in conventional cultivation, the yield of female asparagus plants is lower than that of male plants.
In view of the above reasons, researchers are dedicated to breeding all-male asparagus varieties to avoid the generation of female plants so as to improve the overall yield and quality. However, the asparagus all-male breeding needs to obtain an asparagus male line amphibian strain and a supermale strain, the amphibian strain is less in nature, the development and fructification of the amphibian strain are influenced by genetic materials and environmental factors, the selfing fructification rate is low, the breeding material is difficult to obtain, the breeding material is limited by genetic background greatly, the all-male breeding technology is not mature, the asparagus all-male seed variety is rare, and the selling price is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield cultivation method for non-all-male asparagus varieties, which adopts the conventional non-all-male asparagus varieties improved varieties sold in the common market and can achieve the purposes of yield increase and quality improvement through the steps of seeding and seedling raising, sex identification, isolated cultivation, conventional management and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
after the asparagus plant is subjected to sex identification, a female plant and a male plant of the asparagus are cultivated in an isolated manner.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises the steps of:
step 1: selecting conventional non-full-male variety improved varieties of asparagus, and adopting hole tray single-seed sowing;
step 2: extracting DNA of a single plant, identifying the sex of the single plant by using a molecular marker, and respectively marking a female plant and a male plant;
and step 3: respectively transplanting and planting the female plants and the male plants marked in the step 2 in two conventional planting greenhouses with the spacing of 300-1000 m;
and 4, step 4: conventional cultivation management;
and 5: and further determining the female plants and the male plants in the flowering phase, and ensuring the isolated cultivation of the female plants and the male plants.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises the steps of:
step a: selecting a conventional non-full-male variety of asparagus, and adopting a nutrition pot for single-seed sowing;
step b: in the flowering phase, after the plants are subjected to sex identification according to the difference of flower organs every day, marking the male and female plants;
step c: b, transplanting and planting the female plants and the male plants marked in the step b in independent plots with barrier isolation respectively;
step d: and performing conventional cultivation management.
In certain embodiments, the method of identifying the sex of an individual is:
(1) extracting single plant DNA from tender leaves of the plant, and detecting the result according to the molecular marker;
or (2) identifying the female plant and the male plant according to the morphological difference of flower organs when the plants bloom, wherein the floral organ difference of the female plant and the male plant is as follows: the pistil of the female plant of asparagus has normal pistil, a healthy ovary and a healthy stigma, and the stamen is highly degenerated uniformly; stamens of stamens are healthy, the degree of pistil degeneration is high, ovaries are small, and stigmas do not exist (figure 1).
In certain embodiments, the method wherein the act of extracting DNA from the individual plant is performed 20 days prior to transplantation.
In certain embodiments, in the methods, the method for identifying the individual sex (1) employs a molecular marker Asp1-T7 sp.
In certain embodiments, the method wherein the plant is grown in a feeding pot.
In certain embodiments, in the method, 45 days after the seedlings are raised, topdressing of the foliar fertilizer is started; after 4 months of seedling culture, properly controlling water and fertilizer and promoting flowering.
In some embodiments, the foliar fertilizer is prepared from potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in a ratio of 1:1, the spraying concentration is 0.5%, the dosage is 7g per square meter, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises marking the male and female plants by tying differently colored ropes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, female asparagus plants and male asparagus plants are separately cultivated through the steps of seeding and seedling raising, sex identification, isolated cultivation, conventional management and the like. After isolation, female plants do not bear the pregnancy result in the flowering phase, so that nutrients in the plants are reserved, and the yield per unit and the quality of the plants are improved; the flowering period of the male plant is not affected, and the yield and the quality of the male plant are kept unchanged. Thereby realizing the overall effect of increasing the yield and improving the quality.
2. In the invention, the asparagus female and male plants are separately and respectively planted, which is beneficial to adopting more scientific field management according to respective physiological characteristics.
3. The invention separately and respectively plants the asparagus female and male plants, is beneficial to field harvest and product grading, and saves time and labor.
4. The method adopts a non-all-male asparagus variety, and can ensure the supply quantity of commercial asparagus products and the diversity of agronomic characters, tastes and tastes of the commercial asparagus products before the asparagus all-male breeding technology is mature.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the morphological structure of male and female asparagus flowers.
In the figure: a-male flowers; b-female flowers; 1-stamen; 2-pistil; 3-ovary; 4-column cap.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention:
example 1
The method is carried out in 2016 in an experimental base of a commercial crop breeding and cultivation research institute of academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province, and comprises the steps of setting an experimental plot 1, a plot 2 and a plot 3, wherein conventional planting greenhouses are adopted among the plots, and the spacing is 300-1000 m. The asparagus seeds are derived from a commercial "atlas" variety.
Preparation of plug substrates: the 32-hole disk specification has the total length of 53.5cm, the total width of 27.5cm, the upper caliber of 6cm and the height of 5 cm. The matrix mainly adopts grass carbon, and natural mineral substances such as perlite, vermiculite, sawdust and the like are added.
Sowing and seedling raising: the proper sowing period is when the soil temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ at 4-5 cm underground. The plug is filled with a substrate. During sowing, water is firstly poured thoroughly, then small holes with the depth of 2cm are pricked, single-seed sowing is carried out, and 2cm of soil is covered after sowing.
Transplanting and field planting: and randomly mixing and transplanting asparagus seedlings in the experimental plot 1.
And (3) sex identification: in order to accurately count the yield of female plants and male plants in the system, the plants are marked according to the difference of flower organs during the flowering period: the male plant is tied with a red rope, and the female plant is tied with a yellow rope.
The experimental plots 2 and 3 are experimental groups, and the specific implementation mode is as follows:
preparation of plug substrates: same as the control.
Sowing and seedling raising: same as the control.
Sampling and sex identification: sampling and numbering in sequence according to the plug arrangement sequence, and taking tender leaves of each plant 20 days before transplanting for extracting DNA; extracting individual DNA, performing polymerase chain reaction on the extracted DNA by using a molecular marker Asp1-T7sp (the primer sequence is shown in attached table 1 in detail), and detecting the amplification product by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. And binding red ropes on the male plants and binding yellow ropes on the female plants in sequence according to the detection result.
Attached table 1: molecular marker Asp1-T7sp sequence
| Forward primer 5 '-3' | Reverse primer of 5 '-3' |
| ATATGCGAGGCATTTGGAAG | CTGCTACTGAGATACCTTAC |
Transplanting and field planting: and (5) transplanting 80 days after seedling cultivation when the plant height of the seedlings reaches 20-30 cm. Transplanting the male plants tied with the red ropes into the plots 2, and transplanting the female plants tied with the yellow ropes into the plots 3.
Field management: both the two greenhouses adopt the same seedbed management and cultivation management as the land parcel 1, and further determine male and female plants in the flowering phase, so as to ensure that no male plant exists in the land parcel 3 and no female plant exists in the land parcel 2.
The next year after planting is the year of picking the bamboo shoots, and 20 asparagus plants are randomly marked in an experimental plot 1, a plot 2 and a plot 3 respectively for measuring yield. And (4) performing plant division and harvesting on the bamboo shoots with the height of 20cm or more in the shed twice a day (once in the morning and afternoon), and determining the related agronomic characters. The statistical results are detailed in the attached table 2.
Attached table 2: example 1 statistical results of yield measurements
Description of the drawings: first-stage bamboo shoot: the diameter is more than 1cm, the length of the bamboo shoot is more than or equal to 20cm, and the bamboo shoot is free of loose head, bending and stem cracking and hollow;
second-stage bamboo shoot: the diameter is 0.8-1.0 cm, the length of the bamboo shoot is more than or equal to 20cm, and small cracks, slight bending and mechanical wounds are allowed;
third-stage bamboo shoots: the diameter is 0.5-0.8 cm, the length of the bamboo shoot is more than or equal to 20cm, and the shape of the bamboo shoot is required to be the same as that of the second-level bamboo shoot.
As can be seen from the attached table 2, the indexes of the female plants cultivated in the plot 3, such as the number of the shoot branches of a single plant, the diameter of the shoot, the weight of the single branch, the first-level shoot rate, the total yield of the single-plant shoot picking and the like, are obviously superior to the indexes of the female plants in the plot 1; and the agronomic character indexes of the male plants cultivated in the land parcel 2 are similar to the indexes of the male plants in the land parcel 1. Therefore, the first-grade bamboo shoot rate and the total yield index of single-plant bamboo shoot picking in the experimental plot are superior to those of a control plot.
If the average level of the conventional asparagus cultivation management is calculated, the yield of female plants per mu can be increased by 28kg, the first-grade bamboo shoot rate is increased, and the sale price is increased. Calculated according to the market price of 20 yuan/kg in the current asparagus sales, 560 yuan can be increased per mu. The asparagus is a perennial economic crop, can be harvested for 10-15 years after being planted once, and the yield is further improved after the third year.
Example 2
In this example, the experiment time and place were the same as in example 1, and the seeds were derived from a commercially available "Gland" variety. Two experimental plots 4 and 5 are defined, and a closable greenhouse is adopted between the plots for barrier isolation.
The experimental plot 5 adopts the non-all-male variety high-yield cultivation method, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
preparing a nutrition pot substrate: the nutrition pot is characterized in that the diameter of the upper opening is 8cm, the height is 8cm, the substrate mainly adopts grass carbon, and natural mineral substances such as perlite, vermiculite, sawdust and the like are added.
Seedling raising and seedling stage management: the method of sowing and raising seedlings was similar to that of example 1, and single-grain sowing was performed in a nutrition pot. In the field management of the seedling stage, the seedlings need to be transplanted after flowering, so that the asparagus seedlings are relatively long in time on a seedling bed, and the intensive management is needed in the later stage. After 45 days of seedling culture, dressing foliage fertilizer is started, 7g of monopotassium phosphate and urea (1: 1) are sprayed every 15 days and every square meter, and the concentration is 0.5%. After about 4 months, properly controlling water and fertilizer to promote flowering. After blooming, half of the plants are randomly selected and transplanted into the greenhouse a. And carrying out sex identification on the remaining half of the plants.
And (3) sex identification: and (4) when the asparagus seedlings start to bloom on the seedbed, carrying out sex identification on the plants according to the difference of flower organs every day. And binding a red rope on the male plant and binding a yellow rope on the female plant in sequence according to the identification result.
Transplanting: the experimental plot 5 is divided into a greenhouse b and a greenhouse c. And transplanting the identified male plant and the female plant into a greenhouse b and a greenhouse c respectively for field planting.
Cultivation management: the experimental plot 4 and the experimental plot 5 adopt the same existing cultivation management method.
The agronomic characters of the greenhouse a, the greenhouse b and the greenhouse c are counted respectively in the year of picking the bamboo shoots, and the method is the same as the embodiment 1. The statistical results are detailed in the attached table 3.
Attached table 3: example 2 statistical results of yield measurements
As can be seen from the attached Table 3, the results of example 2 are consistent with those of example 1, i.e., the first-grade bamboo shoot yield and the total yield index of single-plant bamboo shoot harvest of the experimental plot 5 of the present invention are superior to those of the control plot 4.
If the average level of the conventional asparagus cultivation management and the selling price of the asparagus are used, the yield of each mu is increased by 26.4kg and the income is increased by 528 yuan according to the data of the attached table 3 by calculating 800 female plants in each mu.
The above scheme is further illustrated as follows:
the asparagus fine variety bred by conventional breeding has wider selection range of agronomic characters, disease resistance, taste and the like and more reasonable purchase price compared with the prior rare all-male variety.
Based on the current technological development level, a method for identifying the sex through floral organ difference in the flowering period is more suitable for field production, and the isolated planting of female asparagus plants and male asparagus plants is realized. But does not exclude the possibility that the rapid identification of the asparagus sex can be realized in the seedling stage or earlier stage of the asparagus by the biotechnology means along with the development of the detection technology.
When the sex identification of the individual plant and the isolated cultivation are carried out, compared with the existing asparagus cultivation method, the labor total amount is not obviously increased, and the labor intensity is only increased in part of time intervals. Compared with the cultivation period of more than 10 years after the field planting of the asparagus, the cost of labor time increase caused by single plant sex identification and isolated cultivation operation is very little, and the yield increasing and quality improving effects generated by the operation of the invention generate obvious economic benefit.
Research shows that the harvesting time and the harvesting time length of the female asparagus plant and the male asparagus plant are different. Therefore, after the asparagus plants with different sexes are isolated and cultivated, the field management and the harvesting are facilitated.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
Claims (9)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of non-full-male asparagus varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting conventional non-full-male variety improved varieties of asparagus, and adopting hole tray single-seed sowing;
step 2: extracting DNA of a single plant, identifying the sex of the single plant by using a molecular marker, and respectively marking a female plant and a male plant;
and step 3: respectively transplanting and planting the female plants and the male plants marked in the step 2 in two conventional planting greenhouses with the spacing of 300-1000 m;
and 4, step 4: carrying out conventional cultivation management;
and 5: and further determining the female plants and the male plants in the flowering phase, and ensuring the isolated cultivation of the female plants and the male plants.
2. A high-yield cultivation method of non-full-male asparagus varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a: selecting a conventional non-full-male variety of asparagus, and adopting a nutrition pot for single-seed sowing;
step b: in the flowering phase, after the plants are subjected to sex identification according to the difference of flower organs every day, marking the male and female plants;
step c: b, transplanting and planting the female plants and the male plants marked in the step b in independent plots with barrier isolation respectively;
step d: and performing conventional cultivation management.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the molecular marker used in step 2 is Asp1-T7 sp.
4. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is performed 20 days before transplanting.
5. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the young leaves of the plant are used for extracting the DNA of the individual plant in the step 2.
6. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the plants are grown in a nutrition pot after the single-seed sowing and before the transplanting.
7. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, after 45 days of seedling culture, foliar fertilizer application is started; after 4 months of seedling culture, properly controlling water and fertilizer and promoting flowering.
8. The high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the foliar fertilizer is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in a ratio of 1:1, the spraying concentration is 0.5%, the amount is 7g per square meter, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days.
9. A high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the male and female plants are marked by tying ropes of different colors.
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| CN101263783A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-09-17 | 浙江大学 | Method for using herbicide barban to fast breed aloe all-male plant strain |
| CN104604502A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivating method for cannabis sativa L. for southern plain autumn sowing seed use |
| CN106718866A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-31 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of asparagus all-male breeding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101263783A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-09-17 | 浙江大学 | Method for using herbicide barban to fast breed aloe all-male plant strain |
| CN104604502A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivating method for cannabis sativa L. for southern plain autumn sowing seed use |
| CN106718866A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-31 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of asparagus all-male breeding method |
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Effective date of registration: 20210406 Address after: No.159, section 3, Huajin Avenue, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 Patentee after: Institute of economic crop breeding and cultivation, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Patentee after: Pengzhou Tianfu Shuxiang Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.159, section 3, Huajin Avenue, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610399 Patentee before: Institute of economic crop breeding and cultivation, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
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Address after: No.159, section 3, Huajin Avenue, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 Patentee after: INDUSTRIAL CROP Research Institute Patentee after: Pengzhou Rural Investment Development Co., Ltd Address before: No.159, section 3, Huajin Avenue, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 Patentee before: INDUSTRIAL CROP Research Institute Patentee before: Pengzhou Tianfu vegetable Township Agricultural Development Co., Ltd |