KR100412793B1 - Manual transmission of vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A manual transmission of a vehicle is provided to enable multi-stage shift in reversing the vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A manual transmission of a vehicle has an input shaft(100) driven in the right direction by the driving force of an engine; a countershaft(200) rotating in the right and reverse directions by the driving force of the input shaft; a power conversion unit transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the countershaft through the selection of the right and reverse directions; and a main shaft(500) having plural change gears(530,540,550,560) selectively engaging with slave gears of the countershaft. The slave gears(220,230,240,250,260) are combined to the outer peripheral surface of the countershaft. The driving force of the input shaft is transmitted to the countershaft, and multi-shift in reverse of the vehicle is possible.

Description

Manual transmission

The present invention relates to a manual transmission of a vehicle, and more particularly, to a manual transmission of a vehicle having an improved structure such that a reverse shift stage of an industrial vehicle for the purpose of only forward and backward forward and backward operations has the same shift stage as the forward shift stage. will be.

In general, a manual transmission of a vehicle is composed of five forward and one reverse gears, and the constant-shift synchronous manual transmission that selects the shift stage according to the driver's intention is mainly used.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the conventional constant-shift synchronous manual-type manual transmission includes a transmission input shaft 10 coupled with a drive gear that is rotated by a driving force of an engine and has 5 forward speeds at an end thereof, and the transmission input shaft. (5), 4, 3, 2, 1 transmission gear (31, 33, 35, 37, 39) and the reverse gear 38 are coupled to the end of the (10) and have a dent on the outer circumferential surface and the main shaft provided with a spline 30, and the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth driven gears that are selectively driven by being engaged with the teeth of the fifth, fourth, third, second, and first transmission gears 31,33,35,37,39. Of the sub-shaft 20 having the gears 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, the transmission gears 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 and the middle gears 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 It comprises a synchromesh mechanism 40 for selecting and operating the gear bite.

In addition, one end of the secondary shaft 20 is coupled to the secondary shaft reverse gear 28, a reverse idle gear 50 is provided between the main shaft reverse gear 38 and the secondary shaft reverse gear 28.

The synchronizer mechanism 40 has a synchronizer hub 42 fixed to a spline provided on the main shaft 30, and an inner circumferential surface thereof is coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the synchronizer hub 42 so that the outer circumferential surface thereof is a shift fork 44. ) Is combined with a synchronizer sleeve 46 having a groove 46a formed therein, and a synchronizer ring 48 coupled to a side surface of the synchronizer hub 42 to synchronize the synchronizer hub 42 with a transmission gear. Equipped.

The synchro mesh mechanism 40 is provided between the transmission gears 31, 33, 35, 37, and 39. That is, between the fifth transmission gear 31 and the fourth transmission gear 33, between the third transmission gear 35 and the second transmission gear 37, and the first transmission gear 39 and the main shaft reverse gear 38. It is provided between each.

The manual transmission having this structure has the following operation process.

Figure 3 schematically shows an operation process of transmitting the driving force of the engine during the shift of the conventional manual transmission, respectively.

5th speed shift

2 and 3, when the driving force of the engine is transmitted to the fifth transmission gear 31 through the transmission input shaft 10, the driving force drives the synchronizer sleeve 46, The synchronizer sleeve 46 then drives the hub 42. Thus, since the hub 42 is fixed to the spline, the hub 42 is rotated at the same speed as the engine speed.

4th speed shift

2 and 3, the 4-5 stage synchronizer sleeve 46 is moved to the fourth transmission gear 33 side, and the driving force from the transmission input shaft 10 is 5th. It is transmitted from the transmission gear 31 to the second driven gear 23 via the first driven gear 21 to rotate the second driven gear 23, and the rotational force of the second driven gear 23 is the teeth of the teeth. And rotation of the fourth speed gear (33) engaged with the gear, and then the rotational force of the fourth speed gear (33) drives the synchronizer sleeve (46) for the fourth and fifth stages, and the hub (42). The main shaft 30 is driven at a rotation speed of four speeds.

In the manual transmission, the transmission gears 35, 37, and 39 corresponding to each of the gears 25, 27, and 29 of the sub-shaft 20 are respectively driven even when the third, second, and first speeds are shifted. Have

Reverse shift

On the other hand, when the reverse shift, see c of Figures 2 and 3, the reverse idle gear 50 is in the idle state by the fork (Fork) to the reverse gear (38, 28) of the main shaft 30 and the sub-shaft 20. The driving force from the transmission input shaft 10 rotates the subshaft 20 from the fifth speed gear 21 via the first driven gear 21, thereby pushing one side of the subshaft 20. The driving force transmitted to the side of the secondary shaft reverse gear 28 coupled to the end is transferred to the side of the secondary shaft reverse gear 28 via the reverse idle gear 50 engaged with the secondary shaft reverse gear 28 and the main shaft reverse gear 38. Is transmitted to drive the main shaft 30 in the reverse direction.

However, in the manual transmission of the vehicle, since the reverse shift stage is composed of a single stage, there is a problem in that a special transport vehicle for the purpose of forward and backward reciprocating operation cannot have sufficient reverse drive control during the reverse movement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a manual transmission of a vehicle that enables multiple speed shifts when the vehicle reverses.

1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a manual transmission of a general vehicle,

2 is an exploded perspective view showing a conventional synchro mesh mechanism;

3 is a view for explaining a part of the conventional manual transmission operation process,

Figure 3 a shows the operation process when the gear shifting,

3 b shows an operation process in three shifts,

Figure 3c shows the operation during the reverse shift.

4 is a configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a manual transmission according to the present invention;

Figure 5 shows the operating state of the first embodiment of the present invention,

5A shows an operating state in the forward driving of the main shaft,

5B shows an operating state in the reverse driving of the main shaft.

6 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the manual transmission of the present invention;

Figure 7 shows the operating state of the second embodiment of the present invention,

7A shows an operating state in the forward driving of the main shaft,

7B shows an operating state in the reverse drive of the main shaft.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100: input shaft 110: first drive gear

120: second drive gear

112,122,512,522: Needle Roller Bearings

200: minor 210: reverse gear

220: first driven gear 300: children gear

400: synchronized mechanism 500: spindle

510: first pulley 520: drive gear

610: second pulley 700: belt

In order to achieve the above object, a manual transmission of a vehicle of the present invention is an input shaft driven in a forward direction by a driving force of an engine, and a sub-shaft rotatable in a forward / reverse direction by a driving force of the input shaft and having a plurality of driven gears coupled to an outer circumferential surface thereof. And a main shaft having power switching means for transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the sub shaft by forward / reverse selection, and a plurality of transmission gears that are selectively engaged with each driven gear of the sub shaft.

In addition, the power switching means is coupled to the outer peripheral surface of one end of the input shaft and the first and second driving gears having a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface, the idle gear rotatably engaged with the teeth of the first driving gear, the idle gear And a reverse gear selectively engaged with the reverse gear provided at the end of the sub-shaft to rotate forward, a driven gear that is engaged with the teeth of the second driving gear and rotatable in a reverse direction, and the driving force of the input shaft is controlled by the first and second driving gears. It was to include a synchroche mechanism to pass the choice.

The first and second drive gears are provided with needle roller bearings therein.

Another feature of the manual transmission of the vehicle is that the power switching means is connected to the first pulley and the drive gear coupled to the end of the input shaft, the outer peripheral surface of the first pulley and the belt is interlocked and connected to the end of the sub-shaft And a second pulley provided, a driven gear engaged with the teeth of the drive gear to reversely rotate the sub-shaft, and a synchromesh mechanism for selectively transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the first pulley and the drive gear. .

In addition, needle roller bearings are provided in the first and second pulleys and the driving gears.

According to a feature of the present invention, the driving force of the input shaft is selectively transmitted to the sub-shaft to have a function of multi-shifting when the vehicle reverses.

Hereinafter, a manual transmission of the vehicle of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Since the manual transmission of the vehicle according to the present invention has the same essential components as the general manual transmission, the description thereof will be omitted.

First embodiment

In the first embodiment of the manual transmission of the vehicle of the present invention, the input shaft 100 driven in the forward direction by the driving force of the engine, and coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the end of the input shaft 100, a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface First and second drive gears (110,120) having, the first gear and the teeth of the drive gear 110, the rotatable idle gear 300, and the reverse gear 210 is selectively engaged with the idle gear (300) And, the first driven gear 220 and the reverse gear 210 and the 1,2,3,4,5 driven gear (220,230,240,250,260) that are engaged with the teeth of the second drive gear 120 and rotatable in the reverse direction Is coupled to its outer circumferential surface and selectively engaged when the input shaft 100 is driven to rotate in the forward / reverse direction, and the 1,2,3,4,5 driven gears 220, 230, 240, 250, 260 on the outer circumferential surface thereof. A main shaft 500 provided with fifth, fourth, third, second and first transmission gears 120, 530, 540, 550 and 560, which are selectively engaged with each other, A synchro mesh mechanism 400 which selects and transmits the driving force of the input shaft 100 from the first driving gear 110 and the second driving gear 120 is provided.

In more detail, the synchromesh mechanism 400 is provided between the plurality of transmission gears 530, 540, 550, and 560 provided on the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft 500.

In addition, needle roller bearings 112 and 122 are provided between the inner circumferential surfaces of the first and second drive gears 110 and 120 and the outer circumferential surface of the input shaft 100.

In addition, the idle gear 300 is such that the teeth are always engaged with the teeth of the first drive gear 110, and selectively moved to the reverse gear 210 by a fork (not shown) provided to the outside. This is preferred.

In addition, the operation mechanism of the fork is preferably provided around the transmission lever side or the instrument panel to facilitate the driver's operation.

The operation of the manual transmission of the present invention having such a structure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

When the rotational direction of the main shaft 500 is in the forward direction (the direction opposite to the rotational direction of the sub-axis 200), the driver moves the synchro mesh mechanism 400 to the second drive gear 120 side to the transmission input shaft 100. The driving force from the transmission to the needle roller bearing 122 of the second drive gear (120). Accordingly, the second driving gear 120 is driven. The driven second drive gear 120 rotates the first driven gear 220 engaged with the teeth to transmit the driving force to the sub-shaft 200.

At this time, the first driving gear 110 is idling by the needle roller bearing 112 provided therein.

Therefore, since the sub-shaft 200 has a normal power transmission process, it is shifted forward according to the intention of the driver.

On the other hand, when the rotation direction of the main shaft 500 is the reverse direction, the driver first operates the fork operation mechanism to move the idle gear 300 meshed with the first drive gear 110 toward the reverse gear 210 side. Put them together; The synchro mesh mechanism 400 transmits the driving force from the transmission input shaft 100 to the needle roller bearing 112 of the first driving gear 110 to drive the first driving gear 110. Subsequently, the first driving gear 110 drives the engaged idle gear 300 and simultaneously interlocks the reverse gear 210.

At this time, since the idle gear 300 is rotated in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first drive gear 110, the rotation direction of the reverse gear 210 meshed with the idle gear 300 is the first drive gear ( It is rotated in the same direction as the rotation direction of 110.

Therefore, when the vehicle shifts backward, shifting to the same shift stage as the shift stage at the time of the forward shift is possible.

Second embodiment

A second embodiment of a manual transmission of a vehicle according to the present invention, see Figure 6, coupled to the input shaft 100 driven in the forward direction by the driving force of the engine, and the outer peripheral surface of the end of the input shaft 100 and a plurality of The first pulley 510 and the drive gear 520 having the teeth, the second pulley 610 connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first pulley 510 by interlocking with the belt 700, and the drive gear 520 The driven gear 220 and the second pulley 610 and the first, second, third, fourth and fifth driven gears 220, 230, 240, 250 and 260 which are engaged with the teeth of the tooth and rotate in the opposite direction are coupled to the outer circumferential surface and the input shaft 100 And the sub shaft 200 which is selectively engaged when driving and rotates in the forward / reverse direction, and the fifth, fourth, which is selectively engaged with the 1,2,3,4,5 Middle East gears 220,230,240,250,260 on the outer circumferential surface thereof. The main shaft 500 is provided with 3, 2, 1 transmission gears 520, 530, 540, 550 and 560, and the driving force of the input shaft 100 is the first pulley 510 and the driver. Choice of 520 will be provided with a synchro mesh mechanism 400 that pass.

The synchro mesh mechanism 400 is provided between the first pulley 510 and the drive gear 520 of the input shaft 100 or between the second pulley 610 and the first driven gear 220 of the sub-shaft 200. It is preferably provided in.

In addition, a synchromesh mechanism is provided between the transmission gears 520, 530, 540, 550 and 560 of the main shaft 500.

In addition, needle roller bearings 512 and 522 are provided inside the first pulley 510 and the drive gear 520 of the input shaft 100 to allow idling.

Referring to the operation of the manual transmission having such a structure is as follows.

Referring to FIG. 7, when the rotation direction of the main shaft 500 is in the forward direction (the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the sub-shaft 200), the driver first moves the synchro mesh mechanism 400 to the drive gear 520. By operating to move, the driving force from the transmission input shaft 100 is transmitted to the needle roller bearing 522 of the drive gear 520. Accordingly, the driving force of the engine rotates the drive gear 520 in the same direction as the rotational direction of the input shaft 100, rotates the first driven gear 220 engaged with the teeth in the reverse direction, thereby reducing the driving force of the engine. To 200.

Therefore, since the sub-shaft 200 has a normal power transmission process, it is shifted forward according to the intention of the driver, and the first pulley 510 is idling by the needle roller bearing 512 provided therein.

On the other hand, when the rotation direction of the main shaft 500 is in the reverse direction, the driver first operates the synchro mesh mechanism 400 to move to the needle roller bearing 512 side of the first pulley 510. Accordingly, the driving force of the input shaft 100 drives the first pulley 510, and the driven first pulley 510 drives the second pulley 610 by interlocking the belt 700.

Subsequently, the second pulley 610 is driven in the same direction as the input shaft 100 to drive the sub-shaft 200.

The driven gears 220, 230, 240, 250, and 260 of the sub-shaft 200 are selectively geared to the transmission gears 520, 530, 540, 550, and 560 of the main shaft 500, respectively, according to the driver's shift. Since the rotational direction is reverse to the rotational direction of), the rotational direction of the main shaft 500 is rotated in the same direction as the rotational direction at the time of reverse shift.

Therefore, when the vehicle shifts backward, shifting to the same shift stage as the shift stage at the time of the forward shift is possible.

That is, the manual transmission of the vehicle of the present invention includes a power switching means at one end of the transmission subshaft 200 so as to have the same shift stage as the forward shift at the time of reverse shift, and the reverse shift of the industrial vehicle in which the reverse shift is mainly used. It has the effect of providing a shift stage suitable for the reverse speed.

Claims (5)

An input shaft driven in a forward direction by the driving force of the engine, A sub-axis rotatable in a forward / reverse direction by a driving force of the input shaft and having a plurality of driven gears coupled to an outer circumferential surface thereof; Power switching means for transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the sub shaft by forward / reverse selection; A main shaft having a plurality of transmission gears selectively engaged with each driven gear of the sub-shaft, And a driving force of the input shaft is selectively transmitted to the sub-shaft to enable a multi-stage shift when the vehicle reverses. According to claim 1, wherein the power switching means is coupled to the outer peripheral surface of one end of the input shaft and the first and second drive gears having a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface, An idle gear rotatably engaged with the teeth of the first driving gear; A reverse gear selectively engaged with the idle gear and provided at an end of the minor shaft to rotate forward; A driven gear that is engaged with the teeth of the second driving gear and rotatable in a reverse direction; And a synchro mesh mechanism for selecting and transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the first driving gear and the second driving gear. The manual transmission of the vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the first and second drive gears are provided with needle roller bearings therein. According to claim 1, wherein the power switching means and the first pulley and drive gear coupled to the end of the input shaft, A second pulley connected to an outer circumferential surface of the first pulley by a belt and interlocked and provided at an end of the minor shaft; A driven gear engaged with the teeth of the drive gear to reversely rotate the sub-shaft; And a synchronization mechanism for selectively transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the first pulley and the drive gear. 5. The manual transmission of claim 4, wherein a needle roller bearing is provided inside the first and second pulleys and the drive gear.

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