KR19990017562A - Manual transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a manual transmission of a vehicle in which the structure thereof is improved to enable a multi-stage shift in the same manner as a battery shift in a reverse shift of a vehicle. The manual transmission includes an input shaft 100 driven in a forward direction by the driving force of the engine, first and second drive gears 110 and 120 coupled to an outer peripheral surface of the end of the input shaft 100 and having a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface thereof; The idle gear 300 rotatably engaged with the teeth of the first drive gear 110, the reverse gear 210 selectively engaged with the idle gear 300, and the teeth of the second drive gear 120. The first driven gear 220 rotatable in the reverse direction, the reverse gear 210 and the first, second, third, fourth and fifth driven gears 220, 230, 240, 250 and 260 are coupled to the outer circumferential surface and selectively engaged when the input shaft 100 is driven. And the fifth, fourth, third, second, and fifth gears selectively engaged with the secondary shaft 200 rotated in the forward / reverse direction and 1,2,3,4,5 driven gears 220,230,240,250,260 on the outer circumferential surface thereof. The driving force of the main shaft 500 and the input shaft 100 provided with 120, 530, 540, 550, and 560 are selected from the first driving gear 110 and the second driving gear 120. And a synchro mesh mechanism 400 that month.

Description

Manual transmission

The present invention relates to a manual transmission of a vehicle, and more particularly, to a manual transmission of a vehicle having an improved structure such that a reverse shift stage of an industrial vehicle for the purpose of only forward and backward reciprocating operations has the same shift stage as the forward shift stage. will be.

In general, a manual transmission of a vehicle is composed of five forward and one reverse gears, and the constant-shift synchronous manual transmission that selects the shift stage according to the driver's intention is mainly used.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the conventional always-locked synchronous meshing type manual transmission includes a transmission input shaft 10 to which a drive gear of 5 forward speeds is coupled to an end thereof and rotated by a driving force of the engine, and the transmission input shaft. (5), 4, 3, 2, 1 transmission gears 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 and reverse gears 38 which are coupled to the end of the gear and have teeth on the outer circumferential surface thereof, 30 and first, second, third, fourth and fifth driven gears corresponding to the teeth of the fifth, fourth, third, second and first transmission gears 31, 33, 35, 37 and 39 to be selectively driven. Of the sub-shaft 20 having the gears 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, the transmission gears 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 and the driven gears 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 It comprises a synchromesh mechanism 40 for selecting and operating the gear bite.

In addition, the sub-axial reverse gear 28 is coupled to one end of the sub-shaft 20, and a reverse idle gear 50 is provided between the main shaft reverse gear 38 and the sub-axial reverse gear 28.

The synchronizer mechanism 40 has a synchronizer hub 42 fixed to a spline provided on the main shaft 30, and an inner circumferential surface thereof is coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the synchronizer hub 42 so that the outer circumferential surface thereof is a shift fork 44. ) Is combined with a synchronizer sleeve 46 having a groove 46a formed therein, and a synchronizer ring 48 coupled to a side surface of the synchronizer hub 42 to synchronize the synchronizer hub 42 with a transmission gear. Equipped.

The synchro mesh mechanism 40 is provided between the transmission gears 31, 33, 35, 37, and 39. That is, between the fifth transmission gear 31 and the fourth transmission gear 33, between the third transmission gear 35 and the second transmission gear 37, and the first transmission gear 39 and the main shaft reverse gear 38. It is provided between each.

The manual transmission having this structure has the following operation process.

Figure 3 schematically shows an operation process of transmitting the driving force of the engine during the shift of the conventional manual transmission, respectively.

5th speed shift

2 and 3, when the driving force of the engine is transmitted to the fifth transmission gear 31 through the transmission input shaft 10, the driving force drives the synchronizer sleeve 46, The synchronizer sleeve 46 then drives the hub 42. Thus, since the hub 42 is fixed to the spline, the hub 42 is rotated at the same speed as the engine speed.

4th speed shift

2 and 3, the 4-5 stage synchronizer sleeve 46 is moved to the fourth transmission gear 33 side, and the driving force from the transmission input shaft 10 is fifth. It is transmitted from the transmission gear 31 to the second driven gear 23 via the first driven gear 21 to rotate the second driven gear 23, and the rotational force of the second driven gear 23 is the teeth thereof. And the fourth speed shift gear 33 engaged with the gear, and then the rotational force of the fourth speed shift gear 33 drives the synchronizer sleeve 46 for the 4-5 stage and rotates the hub 42. The main shaft 30 is driven at a rotation speed of four speeds.

In the manual transmission, the transmission gears 35, 37, and 39 corresponding to the gears 25, 27, and 29 of the sub-shaft 20 are respectively driven even when the third, second, and first speeds are shifted. Have

Reverse shift

On the other hand, when the reverse shift, see c of Figures 2 and 3, the reverse idle gear 50 is in the idle state by the fork (Fork) to the reverse gear (38, 28) of the main shaft 30 and the sub-shaft 20. The driving force from the transmission input shaft 10 rotates the sub shaft 20 from the fifth speed gear 21 via the first driven gear 21, thereby pushing one side of the sub shaft 20. The driving force transmitted to the side of the secondary shaft reverse gear 28 coupled to the end is transferred to the side of the secondary shaft reverse gear 28 via the reverse idle gear 50 engaged with the secondary shaft reverse gear 28 and the main shaft reverse gear 38. Is transmitted to drive the main shaft 30 in the reverse direction.

However, since the vehicle is a manual transmission, the reverse shift stage is composed of a single stage, and therefore, a special transport vehicle for the purpose of back and forth forward and backward driving has a problem that sufficient backward driving control cannot be obtained during the reverse movement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a manual transmission of a vehicle that enables multiple speed shifts when the vehicle reverses.

1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a manual transmission of a typical vehicle;

2 is an exploded perspective view showing a conventional synchro mesh mechanism;

3 is a view for explaining a part of the conventional manual transmission operation process,

Figure 3 a shows the operation process when the gear shifting,

3 b shows an operation process in three shifts,

Figure 3c shows the operation during the reverse shift.

4 is a configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a manual transmission according to the present invention;

Figure 5 shows the operating state of the first embodiment of the present invention,

Fig. 5 shows an operating state in the forward driving of the main shaft,

Fig. 5 shows an operating state in the reverse driving of the main shaft.

6 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the manual transmission of the present invention;

Figure 7 shows the operating state of the second embodiment of the present invention,

Fig. 7A shows an operating state in the forward driving of the main shaft,

Fig. 7B shows the operating state in the reverse drive of the main shaft.

Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

100: input shaft 110: first drive gear

120: second drive gear 112,122,512,522: needle roller bearing

200: minor 210: reverse gear

220: first driven gear 300: children gear

400: synchronized mechanism 500: spindle

510: first pulley 520: drive gear

610: second pulley 700: belt

In order to achieve the above object, a manual transmission of a vehicle of the present invention is an input shaft driven in a forward direction by a driving force of an engine, and a sub-shaft rotatable in a forward / reverse direction by a driving force of the input shaft and having a plurality of driven gears coupled to an outer circumferential surface thereof. And a main shaft having power switching means for transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the sub shaft by forward / reverse selection, and a plurality of transmission gears that are selectively engaged with each driven gear of the sub shaft.

In addition, the power switching means is coupled to the outer peripheral surface of one end of the input shaft and the first and second driving gears having a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface, the idle gear rotatably engaged with the teeth of the first driving gear, the idle gear And a reverse gear provided at an end of the sub-shaft to rotate forward, a driven gear that is engaged with the teeth of the second driving gear and rotatable in a reverse direction, and a driving force of the input shaft to the first driving gear and the second driving gear. It was to include a synchroche mechanism to pass the choice.

The first and second drive gears are provided with needle roller bearings therein.

Another feature of the manual transmission of the vehicle is that the power switching means is connected to the first pulley and drive gear coupled to the end of the input shaft, the outer peripheral surface of the first pulley and the belt is interlocked and connected to the end of the sub-shaft And a second pulley provided, a driven gear that is engaged with the teeth of the drive gear to reversely rotate the sub-shaft, and a synchromesh mechanism for selectively transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the first pulley and the drive gear. .

In addition, a needle roller bearing is provided inside the first and second pulleys and the drive gear.

According to a feature of the present invention, the driving force of the input shaft is selectively transmitted to the sub-shaft to have a function of multi-shifting when the vehicle reverses.

Hereinafter, a manual transmission of the vehicle of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Since the manual transmission of the vehicle according to the present invention has the same essential components as the general manual transmission, the description thereof will be omitted.

First embodiment

In the first embodiment of the manual transmission of the vehicle of the present invention, see Fig. 4, the input shaft 100 is driven in the forward direction by the driving force of the engine, and coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the end of the input shaft 100 and a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface thereof. The first and second drive gears (110,120) having, the idle gear 300 rotatably engaged with the teeth of the first drive gear 110, and the reverse gear 210 is selectively engaged with the idle gear (300) And, the first driven gear 220 and the reverse gear 210 and the first, second, second, third, fourth, fifth driven gear (220, 230, 240, 250, 260) that are engaged with the teeth of the second drive gear 120 and rotatable in the reverse direction Is coupled to the outer circumferential surface and selectively engaged when the input shaft 100 is driven to rotate in the forward / reverse direction, and the 1,2,3,4,5 driven gears 220, 230, 240, 250, 260 on the outer circumferential surface thereof. A main shaft 500 provided with fifth, fourth, third, second and first transmission gears 120, 530, 540, 550 and 560, which are selectively engaged with each other. The driving force of the ryeokchuk 100 select one of the first driving gear 110 and the second driven gear 120 and a synchro mesh mechanism 400 that pass.

In more detail, the synchromesh mechanism 400 is provided between the plurality of transmission gears 530, 540, 550, and 560 provided on the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft 500.

In addition, needle roller bearings 112 and 122 are provided between the inner circumferential surfaces of the first and second driving gears 110 and 120 and the outer circumferential surfaces of the input shaft 100.

In addition, the idle gear 300 is that the teeth are always engaged with the teeth of the first drive gear 110, and is selectively moved to the reverse gear 210 by a fork (not shown) provided to the outside. desirable.

In addition, the operation mechanism of the fork is preferably provided around the transmission lever side or the instrument panel to facilitate the driver's operation.

The operation of the manual transmission of the present invention having such a structure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

When the rotational direction of the main shaft 500 is in the forward direction (the direction opposite to the rotational direction of the sub-axis 200), the driver moves the synchro mesh mechanism 400 to the second drive gear 120 side to transmit the transmission input shaft 100. The driving force from the transmission to the needle roller bearing 122 of the second drive gear (120). Accordingly, the second driving gear 120 is driven. The driven second drive gear 120 rotates the first driven gear 220 engaged with the teeth to transmit the driving force to the sub-shaft 200.

At this time, the first driving gear 110 is idling by the needle roller bearing 112 provided therein.

Therefore, since the sub-shaft 200 has a normal power transmission process, it is shifted forward according to the intention of the driver.

On the other hand, when the rotation direction of the main shaft 500 is the reverse direction, the driver first operates the fork operation mechanism to move the idle gear 300 meshed with the first drive gear 110 to the reverse gear 210 side. Put them together; The synchro mesh mechanism 400 transmits the driving force from the transmission input shaft 100 to the needle roller bearing 112 of the first driving gear 110 to drive the first driving gear 110. Subsequently, the first driving gear 110 drives the engaged idle gear 300 and simultaneously interlocks the reverse gear 210.

At this time, since the idle gear 300 is rotated in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first drive gear 110, the rotation direction of the reverse gear 210 meshed with the idle gear 300 is the first drive gear ( It is rotated in the same direction as the rotation direction of 110.

Therefore, when the vehicle shifts backward, shifting to the same shift stage as the shift stage at the time of the forward shift is possible.

Second embodiment

A second embodiment of a manual transmission of a vehicle according to the present invention, see Fig. 6, coupled to the input shaft 100 driven in the forward direction by the driving force of the engine, and the outer peripheral surface of the end of the input shaft 100 and a plurality of The first pulley 510 and the drive gear 520 having the teeth, the second pulley 610 is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first pulley 510 by the belt 700 and the drive gear 520 The driven gear 220 and the second pulley 610 and the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth driven gears 220, 230, 240, 250, and 260 are coupled to the outer circumferential surface of the driven shaft 220 to be engaged with the teeth of the teeth. 5), which is selectively engaged with the driving shaft and rotates in the forward / reverse direction, and selectively engages with the 1,2,3,4,5 driven gears 220,230,240,250,260 on the outer circumferential surface thereof. Among the first pulley 510 and the driving gear 520, the driving force of the input shaft 100 and the main shaft 500 on which the 3, 2, 1 transmission gears 520, 530, 540, 550, 560 are provided are provided. It is provided with a synchroche mechanism 400 to select and deliver.

The synchro mesh mechanism 400 is provided between the first pulley 510 and the drive gear 520 of the input shaft 100 or between the second pulley 610 and the first driven gear 220 of the sub-shaft 200. It is preferably provided in.

In addition, a synchromesh mechanism is provided between the transmission gears 520, 530, 540, 550 and 560 of the main shaft 500.

In addition, needle roller bearings 512 and 522 are provided inside the first pulley 510 and the drive gear 520 of the input shaft 100 to allow idling.

Referring to the operation of the manual transmission having such a structure is as follows.

Referring to FIG. 7, when the rotation direction of the main shaft 500 is in the forward direction (the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the sub-shaft 200), the driver first moves the synchro mesh mechanism 400 to the drive gear 520. By operating to move, the driving force from the transmission input shaft 100 is transmitted to the needle roller bearing 522 of the drive gear 520. Accordingly, the driving force of the engine rotates the drive gear 520 in the same direction as the rotational direction of the input shaft 100, rotates the first driven gear 220 engaged with the teeth in the reverse direction, thereby reducing the driving force of the engine. To 200.

Therefore, since the sub-shaft 200 has a normal power transmission process, it is shifted forward according to the driver's intention, and the first pulley 510 is idle by the needle roller bearing 512 provided therein.

On the other hand, when the rotation direction of the main shaft 500 is in the reverse direction, the driver first operates the synchro mesh mechanism 400 to move to the needle roller bearing 512 side of the first pulley 510. Accordingly, the driving force of the input shaft 100 drives the first pulley 510, and the driven first pulley 510 drives the second pulley 610 by interlocking the belt 700.

Subsequently, the second pulley 610 is driven in the same direction as the input shaft 100 to drive the sub-shaft 200.

The driven gears 220, 230, 240, 250, and 260 of the sub-shaft 200 are selectively geared to the transmission gears 520, 530, 540, 550, and 560 of the main shaft 500, respectively, according to the shift of the driver. Since the rotational direction is reverse to the rotational direction of), the rotational direction of the main shaft 500 is rotated in the same direction as the rotational direction at the time of reverse shift.

Therefore, when the vehicle shifts backward, shifting to the same shift stage as the shift stage at the forward shift is possible.

That is, the manual transmission of the vehicle of the present invention includes a power switching means at one end of the transmission subshaft 200 so as to have the same shift stage as the forward shift at the time of reverse shift, and the reverse shift of the industrial vehicle in which the reverse shift is mainly used. It has the effect of providing a shift stage suitable for the reverse speed.

Claims (5)

The input shaft driven in the forward direction by the driving force of the engine, the sub-axis which is rotatable in the forward / reverse direction by the driving force of the input shaft, and the plurality of driven gears are coupled to the outer circumference thereof, and the driving force of the input shaft is selected in the forward / reverse direction And a main shaft having a plurality of transmission gears that are selectively engaged with each driven gear of the sub-shaft, so that the driving force of the input shaft is selectively transmitted to the sub-shaft to enable multi-stage shifting when the vehicle reverses. Manual transmission of vehicles. According to claim 1, wherein the power switching means is coupled to the outer peripheral surface of one end of the input shaft and the first and second drive gears having a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface, and the idle gear rotatably engaged with the teeth of the first driving gear And a reverse gear selectively engaged with the idle gear and forwardly provided at an end of the sub-shaft, a driven gear engaged with the teeth of the second driving gear and rotatable in a reverse direction, and a driving force of the input shaft being a first driving gear. And a second synchronizing mechanism for selecting and transmitting the second drive gear. The manual transmission of a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the first and second drive gears are provided with needle roller bearings therein. According to claim 1, wherein the power switching means is coupled to the first pulley and the drive gear coupled to the end of the input shaft, the second pulley is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first pulley by a belt and provided at the end of the sub-shaft And a driven gear engaged with the teeth in the drive gear to reversely rotate the sub-shaft, and a synchromesh mechanism for selectively transmitting the driving force of the input shaft to the first pulley and the drive gear. Manual transmission. The manual transmission of claim 4, wherein a needle roller bearing is provided inside the first and second pulleys and the drive gear.