KR0130492B1 - 열처리유 조성물 및 담금질방법 - Google Patents

열처리유 조성물 및 담금질방법 Download PDF

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KR0130492B1
KR0130492B1 KR1019920019009A KR920019009A KR0130492B1 KR 0130492 B1 KR0130492 B1 KR 0130492B1 KR 1019920019009 A KR1019920019009 A KR 1019920019009A KR 920019009 A KR920019009 A KR 920019009A KR 0130492 B1 KR0130492 B1 KR 0130492B1
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South Korea
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oil
sulfur
ppm
composition
sulfur content
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KR1019920019009A
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English (en)
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KR930008162A (ko
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히도시 우찌다
사보로우 고야마
에이이찌 나까무라
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이데미쓰 쇼스께
이데미쓰 고산 가부시끼가이샤
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Publication of KR930008162A publication Critical patent/KR930008162A/ko
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Abstract

고유온 조건에서의 담금질에 적합함과 동시에 광휘성이 우수하고, 변형이 적은 금속처리물을 얻을 수 있는 새로운 형태의 열처리유를 개발하는 것으로서(A) 유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 적어도 1종으로된 기초유와(B) 살리실산의 알칼리 토류금속염중 적어도 1종을 주성분으로 하는 열처리유 조성물로서, 또 상기한 (A)성분에 (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 적어도 1종을 배합해서 전체 유황분을 3-1000ppm으로 조정한 기초유에 각종의 첨가제를 배합한 열처리유 조성물이다.

Description

열처리유 조성물 및 담금질방법
본 발명은 열처리유 조성물 특히 담금질유 조성물에 관한 것이며, 상세하게는 고온에서의 안정성이 우수하고, 고유온조건에서의 담금질에 적합함과 동시에 처리물에 우수한 광휘성과 긴 광휘성 수명을 부여할 수가 있는 새로운 형태의 열처리유 조성물에 관한 것이다.
종래에 열처리로 예를 들면, 담금질처리는 고온으로 가열되어 있는 금속을 60-150℃의 담금질 기름에 넣어서 급속히 냉각시켜서 경화시키고 있다.
이 담금질 처리에 있어서 담금질 변형을 효과적으로 시정하기 위해 170-250℃로 보다 고온유하에서 담금질하는 것이 바람직하다.
그런데 종래의 공지의 열처리유 예를 들면, 광물유, 지방산 알케닐 숙신산이미드 등을 배합한 열처리유(일본국 특개소 52-4508호 공보 동 61-15913호 공보 또는 동 61-106710호 공보등)는 고온에서의 안정성이 떨어져 있기 때문에, 고유온하에서 사용하면, 담금질이 되지 않든가 광휘성이 불충분하거나, 또 그 광휘성수명이 짧아진다고 하는 각종의 문제가 있었다.
그리고 광휘성불량은, 담금질 변형을 증대시키는 원인의 하나로 되어 있었다.
한편, 고도로 정제된 기초유를 사용하므로서, 고온에서의 안정성을 향상시킬 수가 있으나, 이 경우에는 냉각얼룩이 일어나기 쉽고, 그 결과 광휘성불량 담금질 얼룩 및 담금질 변형을 증대시키는 것을 알려져 있다.
기타 담금질 변형을 저감시키는 아주 적당한 방법으로서 염에 의한 마르템퍼링(martempering)
처리 (액온 230℃전후)가 알려져 있으나, 담금질 기름에 의한 처리에 비해 작업성이 나쁘고, 환경면에서도 문제가 있다.
여기서 본 발명자 등은 그러한 종래의 상기한 종래의 과제를 해소하고, 고온온하에서 담금질 할 수 있고, 더구나 광휘성이 우수하고, 변형을 없게한 금속처리물을 얻을 수가 있는 열처리유 조성물을 개발하려고, 예의 연구를 거듭했다.
그 결과 고도로 정제된 광물유 및 합성유를 기초유로해서 살리실산의 알칼리 토류금속염을 배합한 경우 또는 고도로 정제된 광물유 및 합성유에 일정량의 유황분을 배합한 것을 기초유로해서 각종의 첨가제를 배합한 경우에 상기한 목적을 달성할 수 있는 것을 알아냈다.
본 발명은 이와 같은 발견에 기초해서 완성한 것이다.
즉 본 발명은 (A)유황분 300ppm이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 적어도 1종으로된 기초유에(B) 살리실산의 알칼리 토류 금속염을 함유해서된 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물을 제공하는 것이다. 또 본 발명은 (A)유황분 300ppm이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 적어도 1종에 (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 적어도 1종을 배합해서 전체 유황분을 3-1000ppm으로 조정한 기초유를 함유하고 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물을 제공한다.
다시 또 본 발명은 상기한 어느 것인가의 열처리유 조성물을 사용해서 고유온으로 처리하는 것을 특징으로하는 담금질 방법도 제공한다.
우선, 본발명의 (A)성분은 단독으로 또는 후술하는 바와 같이 유황분을 조정해서 기초유로 사용하는 것이며, 유황분 300ppm이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 적어도 1종으로 된다.
여기서 광물유의 유황분이 300ppm을 초과하는 경우에는 광휘성 불량이나, 담금질 변형등이 일어나기 쉽다.
한편, 광물유의 정제도를 다시 또 높여서 바람직하게는 유황분을 100ppm이하 특히 바람직하게는 30ppm 이하로 한 경우에는 본 발명의 조성물을 사용해서 담금질을 한 처리물의 광휘성 수명을 보다 길게 할 수가 있다. 이 유황분에 대한 조건은 합성유에서도 마찬가지이다.
(A)성분으로서, 사용되는 광물유 및 합성유의 종류는 특히 제한을 받는 것은 아니다. 광물유로서는 파라핀기계 광물유, 중간기계 광물유 나프틴 기계광물유로부터 고도로 정제된 것으로서, 전기한 유황분의 조건을 만족시키는 것이 사용된다.
합성유로서는 각종의 것이 있으나, 예를 들면 탄소수 2-16의 올레핀의 (혼성)중합물(올리고머를 포함한다).
알킬벤젠, 알킬나프탈렌, 폴리페닐계, 탄화수소 각종 에스테르 즉, 네오펜틸 글리콜, 트리메틸올 프로판, 펜타엘리스리톨 등의 지방산 에스테르 등을 사용할 수 있다. 이중에서 특히 아주 적당한 합성유는 탄소수 8-12의 1-올레핀의 올리고머 및 올레핀(혼성)중합체의 수소화물등이다.
상기한 광물유 및 합성유는 1종만을 단독으로 사용하는 것이 아니고, 2종 이상을 임의의 비율로 혼합해서 사용할 수도 있다. 그와 같이 해서 구성되는, (A)성분은 통상 100℃에 있어서의 동점도가 2-100cst이다.
상기한 (A)성분은 본발명의 (C)성분인 유황 및 유황화합물을 배합해서, 전체유황분을 3-1000ppm 바람직하게는 5-800ppm의 범위로 조정하므로서, 담금질변형의 저감 광휘성 수명의 연장과 동시에 초기의 광휘성도 개선할 수가 있다. 다시 또 전체유황분을 3-1000ppm으로 조정한때의 질소분이 30ppm이하, 특히 20ppm이하이면, 한층 더 적당하다.
상기한 유황 및 유황화합물은 1종만을 단독으로 사용하는 것이 아니고, 2종이상을 임의로 조합해서 사용할 수도 있다.
여기서 처리물의 광휘성을 보다 향상시키는 데에 효과적인 유황화합물로서는 각종의 것이 있으나, 예를 들면 술피드류, 디술피드류, 폴리술피드류, 메르캡탄류, 티오펜류 등의 화합물을 사용할 수가 있다. 구체적으로는 술피드류로서는 디에틸술피드, 디n-프로필술피드, 디n-부틸술피드, 디이소-부틸술피드, 디t-부틸술피드, 디n-헥실술피드, 디페닐술피드, 디벤질 술피드 등을 들 수가 있다. 또 디술피드류로서는 디엔틸 디술피드, 디n-프로필디술피드, 디n-부틸술피드, 디이소-부틸디술피드, 디sec-부틸디술피드, 디t-부틸디술피드, 디n-헵틸디술피드, 디t-헵틸술피드, 디t-라릴디술피드, 디페닐 디술피드, 디벤질디술피드 등을 들 수 있다.
그리고 폴리술피드류로서는 디벤질 폴리술피드가 있다.
메르캡탄류로서는 n-부틸 메르캡탄, n-헥실메르캡탄, t-도데실 메르캡탄, n-테드라데실메르캡탄, n-세실메르캡탄, 티오페놀, p-티오크레졸 등을 들 수 있다.
다시 또 티오펜류로서는 티오펜, 디벤조, 티오펜 등이 있다. 기타 알칼리토류금속황화 알킬페네이트, 디티오 인산 금속(Zn-DTP등) 유황분 2.0%이하의 광물유 황화광물유 황화올레핀 황화유지 등을 들수가 있다. 이 유황분 2.0%이하의 광물유에 대해서는 특히 질소분 400ppm이하인 것이 바람직하다.
또 배합하는 유황화합물로서는 예를 들면, 술폭시화물 술폰산이나, 그 염류에서는 처리물의 광휘성의 향상이나, 담금질 변형의 저감은 거의 확인되지 않는다.
본발명의 (B)성분인 살리실산의 알칼리 토류금속염은 상기한 (A)성분 단독 또는 (A)성분에 (C)성분을 첨가해서된 기초유에 배합해서 사용된다.
이와 같은 살리실산의 알칼리 토류금속염으로서는 각종의 것을 사용할 수가 있으나, 아주 적당한 것으로서,
(식중 R1은 탄소수 8-20의 알킬기를 나타내고, n은 1-4의 정수를 나타내고, m은 Ca, Ba 또는 mg를 나타낸다)
로 표시되는 살리실레이드 화합물을 들 수가 있다.
그 염기가(TBN)은 500mg KOH/g이하, 바람직하게는 100-400mg KOH/g의 것을 사용하면, 처리물의 광합성의 향상에 효과적이다. 특히 칼슘 살리실레이트나 마그네슘 살리실레이트가 특히 바람직하다.
상기한 살리실산의 알칼리 토류금속염은 1종만을 단독으로 사용하는 것이 아니고, 2종이상을 임의로 조합해서 사용 할 수도 있다.
그 배합량은 특히 제한은 없고, 각종 상황에 따라 다르지만, 통상은 조성물 전체에 대해 0.1-50중량% 바람직하게는 1-30중량%이다. 배합량이 0.1중량% 미만에서는 본발명의 목적으로 하는 효과가 얻어지지 않는 경우가 많다.
또 50중량%를 초과해도 배합량에 상당하는 효과는 향상은 확인되지 않고, 경제적으로 불리하다.
본발명의 (D)성분인 술폰산 및 페놀의 각 알칼리 토류금속염은 (B)성분인 살리실산의 알칼리 토류금속염과 같이 사용할 수가 있으나, (D)성분을 사용하는 경우에는 (A)성분에 (C)성분을 첨가해서된 기초유에 배합할 필요가 있다. (A)성분 단독으로된 기초유에서는 본 발명의 목적으로하는 효과가 얻어지지 않는 경우가 많다.
술폰산 및 페놀의 알칼리 토류금속염은 각종의 것을 사용할 수가 있다.
예를 들면 술폰산의 토류금속염의 경우에 아주 적당한 것으로서는,
(식중 R2및 R3은 각각 수소 또는 탄소수 12-24의 알킬기를 나타내고, 또한 R2및 R3이 동시에 수소인 일은 없다. m은 상기한 바와 마찬가지이다)
로 표시되는 술포네이트 화합물이다.
또 페놀의 알칼리토류금속염의 경우에 아주 적당한 것으로서는,
(식중 R4는 탄소수 9-24의 알킬기를 나타내고, m은 1-4의 정수를 나타내고, m은 상기한 바와 마찬가지이다)
로 표시되는 페네이트 화합물을 들 수가 있다.
상기한 술폰산 및 페놀의 각 알칼리토류금속염은 1종만을 단독으로 사용할 뿐만 아니고, 2종이상을 임의로 조합해서 사용할 수도 있다. 다시 또 (B)성분과 조합할 수도 있다.
또한 이들의 염기가(TBN) 및 배합량에 관한 조건은 (B)성분인 살리실산의 알칼리 토류금속염과 마찬가지이다.
본 발명의 조성물은 기본적으로 상기한 (A)성분 단독 또는 (A)성분에 (C)성분을 첨가해서된 기초유에 대해 (B)성분 또는 (D)성분을 배합하므로서 조제되지만 다시 또 소망에 따라 바륨화합물(E), 산화방지제(F) 기타 각종 첨가제를 배합할 수가 있다.
여기서 (E)성분인 바륨화합물로서는 각종의 것을 사용할 수 있으나 바륨술포네이트 또는 바륨나프테네이트가 가장 효과적이다. 이중 바륨술포네이트는 중성의 것이나, 염기성의 것으로 염기가(TBN)이 0-500mg KOH/g의 것이 사용된다.
바륨화합물의 배합량은 특히 제한은 없고, (A)-(D) 각 성분의 종류나, 처리물의 종류 담금질 조건등 다시또 처리물의 목적으로 하는 성상 등에 따라 다르지만, 통상은 조성물 전체에 대해 50-25,000ppm(바륨환산)이다.
이들 바륨화합물을 배합하면, 특히 초기(새기름인때)에 있어서의 처리물의 광휘성이나 담금질 변형의 저감을 일층 향상시킬 수가 있다.
또 (F)성분인 산화방지제는 통상은 조성물 전체에 대해 0.05-10중량% 배합하는 것이 효과적이다.
이 산화방지제로서는 간섭페놀계의 산화방지제(예를 들면 2.6-디t-부틸파라크레졸등)아민계 산화방지제(예를 들면 α-나프틸아민, 페닐나프틸아민, 디페닐아민등) 또는 인계산화 방지제 등을 들 수 있다.
기타 첨가제로서는 냉각성향상제(예를 들면, 폴리부텐, 폴리메타크릴레이트 등)이나 광휘제(숙식산, 소르비탄 에스테르, 숙신산 이미드 등) 등을 들 수 있다.
본 발명의 조성물을 사용해서 강재 등의 금속재료를 담금질처리하는데는 열처리유인 조성물의 온도를 통상의 담금질 처리온도(60-150℃ 정도)로 설정해도 되지만, 바람직하게는 170-250℃의 고온으로 설정하는 것이 바람직하다. 이와 같은 고유온 조건에서 본 발명의 조성물을 사용해서 강재 등의 금속재료를 담금질 처리하면, 냉각 얼룩이 일어나기 어렵기 때문에 처리물에 우수한 광휘성과 긴 광휘성 수명을 부여할 수가 있다. 다시 또 처리물의 변형을 저감시킬 수가 있다. 또 본 발명의 조성물은 고온에서의 안정성이 우수하기 때문에 장시간의 사용에 견딜수가 있다.
또한 본 발명의 조성물은 담금질 처리만이 아니고, 템퍼링(tempering)처리에 있어서도 같은 모양으로 유효하다.
[실시예]
다음에 본 발명을 실시예 및 비교예에 기초해서 다시 또, 상세히 설명한다. 각 실시예 및 비교예에 있어서의 각성분의 배합비율은 표 1에 나타나는 바와 같다.
[실시예 1-2 및 비교예1-5]
이들 실시예 및 비교예는 다음과 같이 행했다.
즉 시험편으로서는 강재 S45C(직경 10mm×길이 40mm 경도 HRC 16)을 사용했다.
이 시험편을 제1표에 나타내는 조성으로 조제한 각 담금질 기름에 투입하여 담금질 처리했다.
또한 담금질 조건은 기름온도 200℃로 했다.
또 사용한 광물유는 100℃로서 10cst의 파라핀계 광물유였다.
열처리유의 성능평가는 새로운 기름 및 강제열화유로 담금질처리후의 광휘성의 변화로 부터 판정했다.
또한 강제열화방법은 인디아나 산화시험법( IOT )에 따랐다.
열화유의 제조조건
기름온도 : 170℃
공 기 : 101/분
촉 매 : Fe, Cu
광휘성능의 판정(표면외관)
: 아주 양호 … 표면 점면의 금속광택에 변색부 없음.
: 양호 … 광택이 약간 저하하고, 담회색부가 있음.
: 약간불량 … 일부흑색-갈색으로 변색.
: 불량 … 흑색, 갈색으로 금속광택 없음.
성능평가의 결과는 표 2에 나타내는 바와 같다.
또한 실시예 1, 7의 24시간 열화유를 사용해서 담금질한 처리물의 경고는 어느 것이나 거의 HRC45였다.
표 2로부터 본 발명의 실시예에서는 비교예에 비해 어느 것이나 우수한 결과가 나오고 있다. 즉(A)성분과 (B)성분의 배합효과는 실시예 1, 4, 10과 비교예 3을 비교하므로서 확인되었다. 또 (A)성분과 (C)성분으로된 기초유에 (B)성분을 배합한 경우에는 다시또 우수한 효과가 확인되었다. (실시예 2, 3, 7 참조) 한편, (A)성분 (C)성분 및 (D)성분을 조합한 경우의 효과는 실시예, 11, 12와 비교예 2, 4, 5를 비교하므로서 확인되었다. 다시 또 (E)성분 및 (F)성분을 조합한 경우의 효과 (실시예 6-9)는 극히 현저한 것이다.
이상과 같이 본 발명의 열처리유 조성물은 종래의 방법에 비해 고유온하의 담금질 처리에 있어서 우수함과 동시에 특히 본발명의 각성분을 조합하므로서 그 성능을 대폭 향상시킬 수가 있다.
따라서 본 발명의 열처리유 조성물은 고유온하의 담금질 처리용으로서 이용가치가 극히 높다.
특히 CAFE(Cooperated Average Fuel Economy) 대책이나 소음대책이 중요한 탄소침투 기어나 베어링 등의 정밀부품의 다금질분야에 있어서 극히 높은 이용가치를 갖고 있다.

Claims (10)

  1. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 1종류 이상으로 된 기초유에 (B)살리실산의 알칼리토류 금속염을 조성물 전체에 대하여 0.1∼50중량%가 되도록 배합한 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  2. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 1종류 이상에, (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 1종류 이상을 배합하여 전체유황분을 3∼1000ppm으로 조정한 기초유를 함유하여 된 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  3. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 1종류 이상에, (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 1종류 이상을 배합해서 전체유황분을 3∼1000ppm으로 조정하여 얻어진 기초유예, (B)살리실산의 알칼리토류 금속염을 조성물 전체에 대하여 0.1∼50중량% 배합한 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  4. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유중 1종류 이상에, (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 1종류 이상으로 배합하여 전체유황분을 3∼1000ppm으로 조정하여 얻어진 기초유예, (D)술폰산의 알칼리토류 금속염 및 페닐의 알칼리토류 금속염중 1종류 이상을 조성물 전체에 대하여 0.1∼50중량% 배합한 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  5. 제1항에 있어서, 합성유가, 탄소수 8∼12의 1-올레핀의 올리고머 또는 그의 수소화물인 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  6. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유증 1종류 이상으로된 기초유예, (B)실리실산의 알칼리토류 금속염을 조성물 전체에 대하여 0.1∼50중량% 및 (E)바륨화합물을 바륨환산으로 50∼25000ppm이 되도록 배합한 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  7. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유증 1종류 이상에, (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 1종류 이상을 배합하여 전체유황분을 3∼1000ppm으로 조정하여 얻어진 기초유예, (B)실리실산의 알칼리토류 금속염을 조성물 전체에 대하여 0.1∼50중량% 및 (E)바륨화합물을 바륨환산으로 50∼25000ppm이 되도록하는 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  8. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유증 1종류 이상에, (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 1종류 이상을 배합하여 전체유황분을 3∼1000ppm으로 조정하여 얻어진 기초유예, (E)바륨화합물을 바륨환산으로 50∼25000ppm이 되도록하는 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
  9. 제2항에 있어서, 합성유가, 탄소수 8∼12의 1-올레핀의 올리고머 또는 그의 수소화물인 것을 특징으로하는 열처리유 조성물.
  10. (A)유황분 300ppm 이하의 광물유 및 합성유증 1종류 이상에, (C)유황 및 유황화합물중 1종류 이상을 배합하여 전체유황분을 3∼1000ppm으로 조정하여 얻어진 기초유예, (D)술폰산의 알칼리토류 금속염 및 페닐의 알칼리토류 금속염중 1종류 이상을 조성물 전체에 대하여 0.1∼50중량% 및 (E)바륨화합물을 바륨환산으로 50∼25000ppm이 되도록하는 것을 특징으로 하는 열처리유 조성물.
KR1019920019009A 1991-10-18 1992-10-16 열처리유 조성물 및 담금질방법 KR0130492B1 (ko)

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GB9520295D0 (en) * 1995-10-04 1995-12-06 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd Friction modification of synthetic gear oils
US6239082B1 (en) * 1998-04-03 2001-05-29 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Petroleum quench oil
JP4559601B2 (ja) 2000-09-01 2010-10-13 ミネベア株式会社 防錆潤滑組成物を塗布したプラスチック成形物
JP4659264B2 (ja) * 2001-05-02 2011-03-30 出光興産株式会社 熱処理油組成物
JP4278809B2 (ja) 2001-10-23 2009-06-17 出光興産株式会社 歯車用熱処理油組成物及びそれを用いて処理した歯車
JP2005513200A (ja) * 2001-12-18 2005-05-12 ザ　ルブリゾル　コーポレイション 急冷油組成物
JP4429725B2 (ja) * 2001-12-18 2010-03-10 ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション 急冷油組成物
US20230119812A1 (en) * 2020-02-04 2023-04-20 Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd. Heat treatment oil composition
CN113957212A (zh) * 2021-11-26 2022-01-21 上海优壳美科技有限公司 一种贝氏体等温淬火油及制备方法

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