JPWO2019224764A5 - - Google Patents

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JPWO2019224764A5
JPWO2019224764A5 JP2020564842A JP2020564842A JPWO2019224764A5 JP WO2019224764 A5 JPWO2019224764 A5 JP WO2019224764A5 JP 2020564842 A JP2020564842 A JP 2020564842A JP 2020564842 A JP2020564842 A JP 2020564842A JP WO2019224764 A5 JPWO2019224764 A5 JP WO2019224764A5
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本発明の一実施形態の教示によれば、光学システムが提供され、当該光学システムは、（ａ）１対の平行な主要な外部表面を有する導光光学素子（ＬＯＥ）；と（ｂ）前記ＬＯＥの内部の複数の相互に平行な反射表面であって、前記反射表面は、主要な外部表面に対して斜めに角度がつけられている反射表面とを含み、前記反射表面の少なくとも１つは、法線に対し６０°を超える入射角に対し高い反射率を持つように、法線に対し３５°未満の入射角に対し部分的な反射率を有するように構成されてなる。 According to the teachings of one embodiment of the present invention, an optical system is provided, the optical system comprising: (a) a light guiding optical element (LOE) having a pair of parallel major external surfaces; a plurality of mutually parallel reflective surfaces interior to the LOE, said reflective surfaces being obliquely angled with respect to a major exterior surface, at least one of said reflective surfaces comprising: , to have high reflectivity for angles of incidence greater than 60° with respect to normal , and to have partial reflectivity for angles of incidence less than 35° with respect to normal .

本発明の実施形態の更なる特徴によれば、高い反射率は６０°を超える入射角に対し９５％を超えている。 According to still further features in embodiments of the present invention the high reflectivity is greater than 95% for angles of incidence greater than 60°.

本発明の実施形態の更なる特徴によれば、前記ＬＯＥ内部の複数の相互に平行な反射表面が、少なくとも内結合配列の一部を構成する内結合反射表面をさらに含み、前記内結合反射表面は、法線に対し６０°を超える入射角に対し高い反射率を有し、法線に対し３５°未満の入射角に対し少なくとも６６％の反射率を有するように構成される。 According to still further features in embodiments of the present invention the plurality of mutually parallel reflective surfaces within said LOE further comprises an incoupling reflective surface forming at least part of an incoupling arrangement, said incoupling reflective surface is configured to have high reflectivity for angles of incidence greater than 60° with respect to normal and reflectivity of at least 66% for angles of incidence less than 35° with respect to normal .

本発明の実施形態の更なる特徴によれば、前記内結合反射表面を含む前記複数の反射表面が、２つの内結合反射表面を含む、２組の相互に平行な反射表面の対称的な配置の一部であり、前記２つの内結合反射表面は、山型の内結合配列を形成するために会合する。 According to still further features in embodiments of the present invention a symmetrical arrangement of two sets of mutually parallel reflective surfaces, wherein the plurality of reflective surfaces including the incoupling reflective surface comprises two incoupling reflective surfaces and the two intercoupling reflective surfaces meet to form a mound-shaped intercoupling array.

本発明の実施形態の更なる特徴によれば、前記第２番目の画像照射は、その後の前記反射表面の１つにおける反射によって、第１番目の画像照射に戻るように偏向される。 According to still further features in embodiments of the present invention the second image exposure is deflected back to the first image exposure by subsequent reflection on one of the reflective surfaces.

特定の面の光線入射の入射角を画定する目的のために、入射角は、特定の表面に対し、光線方向と法線の間の角度として画定され、その結果、表面に垂直な光線が、０°と参照される入射角を有する一方、９０°に近い角度が臨界的な入射である。別段の定めがない限り、用語「小さな入射角」は、０°－３５°の角を指す。その一方で「大きな入射角」は、６０°－９０°の角を指す。 For the purpose of defining the angle of incidence of a ray incident on a particular surface, the angle of incidence is defined as the angle between the ray direction and the normal to a particular surface, such that a ray normal to the surface is While we have the angle of incidence referred to as 0°, angles close to 90° are the critical incidence. Unless otherwise specified, the term "low angle of incidence" refers to angles of 0°-35°. A "large angle of incidence", on the other hand, refers to an angle of 60°-90°.

「急な」あるいは「より急な」という用語は、表面への比較的小さな入射角を備えた光線、あるいは比較的大規模な角で法線に対し傾けられる面を参照するために使用される。反対に、「浅い」、あるいは「より浅い」という用語は、比較的臨界的な入射、あるいは法線に対し比較的小さな角で傾けられた面に近い、比較的大きな角度の光線を参照するために使用される。 The terms "steep" or "steeper" are used to refer to a ray with a relatively small angle of incidence on a surface, or a surface that is tilted with respect to the normal by a relatively large angle. . Conversely, the terms "shallow" or "shallower" are used to refer to relatively large-angle rays near the surface of relatively critical incidence or tilted at relatively small angles to the normal . used for

反射表面（１０６ｂ）、（１０６ｃ）の少なくとも１つは、法線に対し３５°未満の入射角に対し部分的な反射率、６０°を超える入射角に対して高い反射率を持つように構成されることは、本発明の特定の特に好適な実施形態の特別の特徴である。この文脈中の「高い反射率」は９０％を超える、およびより好ましくは９５％を超えた反射率を意味するように一般に使用される。いくつかの特に好適な実施形態では、６０°を超える入射角のために達成された高い反射率が９８％を超える、および最も好ましくは１００％近くにある。上に記載された従来手法と異なり、本発明のこの態様は、入射角のいかなる範囲でも０近傍の反射率を有する反射表面を要求しない。これは、反射表面に適用された多重膜誘電体コーティングあるいは他の反射性のコーティングの実施を非常に単純化する。 At least one of the reflective surfaces (106b), (106c) is configured to have partial reflectivity for angles of incidence less than 35° relative to the normal and high reflectivity for angles of incidence greater than 60° relative to the normal. is a particular feature of certain particularly preferred embodiments of the invention. "High reflectivity" in this context is generally used to mean reflectivity greater than 90%, and more preferably greater than 95%. In some particularly preferred embodiments, the high reflectivity achieved for angles of incidence greater than 60° is greater than 98%, and most preferably near 100%. Unlike the conventional approach described above, this aspect of the invention does not require a reflective surface with near-zero reflectivity for any range of incident angles. This greatly simplifies the implementation of multi-film dielectric coatings or other reflective coatings applied to reflective surfaces.

ここに例示された限定しない例において、画像光線（１０８）の内結合は、法線に対し６０°を超える入射角で高い反射率を備え、法線に対し３５°未満の入射角で、５０％の反射率より多く、典型的に少なくとも約６６％を備えた内結合反射表面として実装される反射表面（１０６ａ）を使用して達成される。ファセット（１０６ａ）における第１の反射は、それ故、第１番目画像照射（１１０ｂ）へ画像照射を内結合する。図２Ａ乃至図２Ｃで例証された光線Ａと光線Ｂは、入力アパーチャの領域に入り、ファセット（１０６ａ）からそれらに、２回反射を導く角度で、第２番目の画像照射（１１２）を生じさせ、これはファセット（１０６ｂ）で第１番目の画像照射（１１０ａ）に戻すよう変換される。ついで、その第１番目の画像照射は主要な面（１０４）から反射し、部分反射によって外結合された光線（１１４）を生成する間にファセット（１０６ｂ）を横断するファセット（１０６ａ）になる。光線Ａと光線Ｂは、ＬＯＥに沿って伝播し続け、さらなる部分反射が生じるところでさらにファセット（１０６ｃ）を横断し、そして、その後、ファセット（１０６ｃ）で上記のプロセスを繰り返しつつ追加的な大きな角度反射をうける。大きな角度での反射表面の反射率が高いので、第２番目の画像照射への変換、及び第２番目の画像照射からの変換が、著しいエネルギー損あるいはゴースト像の生成なしに生じる。さらに、比較的浅い角の反射表面の使用は、比較的薄く軽量のＬＯＥの実装を促進する。ＬＯＥの主要な面に対する反射表面の好ましい傾きは、２０°―２６°の間のあり、そして最も好ましくは、２３°―２５°である。 In the non-limiting example illustrated here, the incoupling of image rays (108) has high reflectance at angles of incidence greater than 60° with respect to normal , and 50° at angles of incidence with respect to normal less than 35°. This is achieved using a reflective surface (106a) implemented as an incoupling reflective surface with greater than 100% reflectivity, typically at least about 66%. The first reflection at the facet (106a) thus incouples the image illumination into the first image illumination (110b). Rays A and B, illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2C, enter the region of the input aperture and produce a second image illumination (112) at an angle leading to two reflections from the facets (106a) to them. , which is transformed back to the first image exposure (110a) at the facet (106b). That first image exposure then reflects from the main surface (104) and becomes a facet (106a) that traverses the facet (106b) while producing an outcoupled ray (114) by partial reflection. Rays A and B continue to propagate along the LOE, traverse further facets (106c) where further partial reflections occur, and then additional large angles while repeating the above process at facets (106c). get reflected. Because of the high reflectivity of the reflective surface at large angles, conversion to and from the second image illumination occurs without significant energy loss or ghost image generation. In addition, the use of relatively shallow angled reflective surfaces facilitates relatively thin and lightweight LOE implementations. The preferred inclination of the reflective surface with respect to the main face of the LOE is between 20°-26° and most preferably 23°-25°.

第１のファセット（１０６ａ）のような内結合配列は、第１番目の画像照射としてＬＯＥへ平行化された画像を光学的に結び付け、結果として全て上記に示されるように、第１及び第２の番目の照射と、進行的な画像の外結合の間の交換を伴って、ＬＯＥの内に伝播する。１つの特に好ましいが限定されない実施形態において、本明細書で例証されるように、セットの反射表面、（１０６ａ）、（１０６ｂ）および（１０６ｃ）は、山形内結合配列を形成するために会合する２つの内結合反射表面（１０６ａ）および（１０６ａ’）を含む、２つの組の相互に平行な反射表面（１０６ａ）、（１０６ｂ）、（１０６ｃ）、（１０６ａ’）、（１０６ｂ’）または（１０６ｃ’）の対称的な配置の一部である。
An incoupling arrangement such as the first facet (106a) optically couples the collimated image to the LOE as the first image exposure, resulting in the first and second th illumination and progressive image outcoupling, propagating into the LOE. In one particularly preferred but non-limiting embodiment, a set of reflective surfaces, (106a), (106b) and (106c), associate to form an inter-chevron binding array, as exemplified herein. two sets of mutually parallel reflective surfaces (106a), (106b), (106c), (106a'), (106b') or ( 106c') is part of a symmetrical arrangement.

Claims (8)

光学システムであって、前記光学システムは、
（ａ）１対の平行な主要な外部表面がある導光光学素子（ＬＯＥ）、および
（ｂ）前記ＬＯＥの内部の複数の相互に平行な反射表面であって、前記反射表面は、主要な外部表面に対して斜めに角度がつけられている反射表面
とを含み、
前記反射表面の少なくとも１つは、法線に対して６０°を超える入射角に対して９５％を超える高い反射率を有し、法線に対して３５°未満の入射角に対して５０％未満の部分的な反射率を有するように構成され、
前記ＬＯＥは、内結合された画像照射が当該ＬＯＥに沿って伝播する内結合領域を有し、前記部分反射率は、一連の反射表面に到達する前記画像照射の強度の減少を少なくとも部分的に補償するように、一連の反射表面間で変化する、
ことを特徴とする、
光学システム。 An optical system, said optical system comprising:
(a) a light directing optical element (LOE) having a pair of parallel major exterior surfaces ; and (b) a plurality of mutually parallel reflective surfaces internal to said LOE, said reflective surfaces comprising major a reflective surface obliquely angled with respect to the exterior surface;
At least one of said reflective surfaces has a high reflectance of greater than 95% for angles of incidence greater than 60° with respect to normal and 50% for angles of incidence less than 35° with respect to normal configured to have a partial reflectance of less than
The LOE has an incoupling region through which incoupling image illumination propagates along the LOE, and the partial reflectance at least partially reduces the intensity of the image illumination reaching a series of reflective surfaces. varying between a series of reflective surfaces in a compensating manner,
characterized by
optical system. 前記ＬＯＥ内の複数の相互に平行な前記反射表面は、内結合配列の少なくとも一部を形成する内結合反射表面をさらに備え、前記内結合反射表面は、法線に対して６０°を超える入射角に対して高い反射率を有し、法線に対して３５°未満の入射角で少なくとも６６％の反射率を有する、請求項１に記載の光学システム。The plurality of mutually parallel reflective surfaces in the LOE further comprises an incoupling reflective surface forming at least a portion of an incoupling arrangement, the incoupling reflective surface being incident at greater than 60° to the normal. 2. The optical system of claim 1, having high angular reflectance, having a reflectance of at least 66% at angles of incidence less than 35[deg.] to normal. 前記内結合反射表面を含む前記複数の反射表面は、２つの内結合反射表面を含む２組の相互に平行な反射表面の対称配置の一部であり、前記２つの内結合反射表面は会合して山型の内結合配列を形成する、請求項２に記載の光学システム。The plurality of reflective surfaces, including the incoupling reflective surfaces, are part of a symmetrical arrangement of two sets of mutually parallel reflective surfaces, including two incoupling reflective surfaces, the two incoupling reflective surfaces meeting. 3. The optical system of claim 2, forming a chevron-shaped incoupling arrangement. 平行化された画像を投影する画像プロジェクターをさらに含み、ここで、内結合配列が、前記平行化された画像を、第１番目の画像照射として前記ＬＯＥの中へ光学結合し、その結果、前記主要な外部表面での内部反射によって前記ＬＯＥの内部を伝播し、前記第１番目の画像照射は第１の角度の視野に広がり、前記第１の角度の視野は前記反射表面よりも前記主要な外部表面に対して急な角度にあることを特徴とする、請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載の光学システム。 further comprising an image projector for projecting a collimated image, wherein an incoupling array optically couples said collimated image into said LOE as a first image illumination, resulting in said Propagating within the LOE by internal reflection at a major exterior surface, the first image illumination spreads over a first angular field of view, the first angular field of view over the reflective surface. 4. An optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it lies at an acute angle to the outer surface. 前記ＬＯＥに沿って伝播する前記第１番目の画像照射の少なくとも一部は伝達され、前記反射表面のうちの１つによって反射され、前記反射表面よりも前記主要な面への浅い角度で、第２の視野角に広がる第２番目の画像照射を生成することを特徴とする、請求項４に記載の光学システム。 At least a portion of said first image illumination propagating along said LOE is transmitted and reflected by one of said reflective surfaces at a shallower angle to said primary surface than said reflective surface, 5. An optical system according to claim 4 , characterized in that it produces a second image illumination spread over two viewing angles. 前記第２番目の画像照射は、後続の前記反射表面の１つにおける反射によって、第１番目の画像照射に戻るように偏向されることを特徴とする、請求項５に記載の光学システム。 6. The optical system of claim 5 , wherein the second image illumination is deflected back to the first image illumination by subsequent reflection on one of the reflective surfaces. 前記反射表面は、２０°―２６°の角度で前記ＬＯＥの前記主要な外部表面に対して傾けられることを特徴とする、請求項５に記載の光学システム。 6. The optical system of claim 5 , wherein said reflective surface is tilted with respect to said major external surface of said LOE at an angle of 20[deg.]-26[deg.]. 前記反射表面は、２３°―２５°の角度で前記ＬＯＥの前記主要な外部表面に対して傾けられることを特徴とする、請求項５に記載の光学システム。 6. The optical system of claim 5 , wherein said reflective surface is tilted with respect to said major external surface of said LOE at an angle of 23[deg.]-25[deg.].
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