JPWO2018181242A1 - MnZn系フェライト焼結体 - Google Patents
MnZn系フェライト焼結体 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018181242A1 JPWO2018181242A1 JP2019509847A JP2019509847A JPWO2018181242A1 JP WO2018181242 A1 JPWO2018181242 A1 JP WO2018181242A1 JP 2019509847 A JP2019509847 A JP 2019509847A JP 2019509847 A JP2019509847 A JP 2019509847A JP WO2018181242 A1 JPWO2018181242 A1 JP WO2018181242A1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 3
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- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Fe2O3換算で53.30〜53.80モル%のFe、ZnO換算で6.90〜9.50モル%のZn、及びMnO換算で残部のMnからなる主成分と、
前記換算での前記主成分の合計100質量部に対して、SiO2換算で0.003〜0.020質量部のSi、CaCO3換算で0質量部超0.35質量部以下のCa、Co3O4換算で0.30〜0.50質量部のCo、ZrO2換算で0.03〜0.10質量部のZr、及びTa2O5換算で0〜0.05質量部のTaからなる副成分とを含有し、
平均結晶粒径が3μm以上8μm未満であり、
焼結体密度が4.65 g/cm3以上であることを特徴とする。
Ps (%)=[(Pcv100B−Pcv100A)/Pcv100A]×100・・・(1)
(ただし、Pcv100Aは200℃に保持前の100℃における磁心損失であり、Pcv100Bは200℃に96時間保持後の100℃における磁心損失であって、いずれも300 kHzの周波数及び100 mTの最大磁束密度で測定したものである。)が5%以下であるのが好ましい。
(A) 組成
本発明のMnZn系フェライト焼結体は、Fe、Mn及びZnからなる主成分と、Si、Ca、Co、及びZrからなる副成分とを含有する。本発明のMnZn系フェライト焼結体はさらに、副成分としてTaを含有しても良い。主成分は主としてスピネルフェライトを構成する元素であり、副成分とはスピネルフェライトの形成を補助する元素である。Coはスピネルフェライトを構成するが、本発明ではその含有量は主成分より著しく少ないので、副成分とする。
所望の温度での磁心損失Pcvを低減させるには、スピネルを構成する正の結晶磁気異方性定数K1を示す金属イオンの量と負の結晶磁気異方性定数K1を示す金属イオンの量を適宜調整する必要がある。しかし、飽和磁束密度Bs、キュリー温度Tc、初透磁率μi等の磁心損失Pcv以外の磁気特性の要求も満たす必要があるために、組成の選択の自由度は小さい。また広い温度範囲で磁心損失を小さく抑えるために、磁心損失が極小となる温度を設定する必要がある。そこで、高温下で高電圧及び大電流の使用に耐える電子部品用磁心に用いることができるように、500 mT以上の飽和磁束密度Bs、230℃以上のキュリー温度Tc、及び1500以上の初透磁率μiを有するとともに、磁心損失の極小温度を例えば100℃以下、好ましくは80℃以下とすることにより広い温度範囲で低磁心損失であるように、主成分の組成を、Fe2O3換算で53.30〜53.80モル%のFe、ZnO換算で6.90〜9.50モル%のZn、及びMnO換算でMnを残部とする。
Fe含有量が53.30モル%未満であると磁心損失の極小温度が高くなり、低温側の磁心損失が増大し、20〜100℃の温度範囲における磁心損失の低減効果が十分に得られない。また53.80モル%超であると磁心損失の極小温度が低くなり、高温側の磁心損失が増大し、20〜100℃の温度範囲における磁心損失の低減効果が十分に得られない。Fe含有量の下限は53.40モル%が好ましく、53.45モル%がより好ましい。一方、Fe含有量の上限は53.70モル%が好ましく、53.65モル%がより好ましい。
Zn含有量が6.90モル%未満であると磁心損失の温度変化が大きくなり好ましくなく、また9.50モル%超であると十分な飽和磁束密度が得にくい。Zn含有量の下限は7.00モル%が好ましく、8.00モル%がより好ましく、9.10モル%が最も好ましい。一方、Zn含有量の上限は9.40モル%が好ましく、9.30モル%がより好ましい。
Mn含有量は、主成分(Fe、Zn及びMn)の総量からFe含有量及びZn含有量を引いた残部である。
本発明のMnZn系フェライト焼結体は、副成分として少なくともSi、Ca、Co及びZrを含有し、Taを任意に含有する。副成分の組成は、前記換算での前記主成分の合計100質量部に対する質量部で表す。
Siは結晶粒界に偏析して結晶粒を絶縁し(粒界抵抗を高め)、相対損失係数tanδ/μiを小さくし、渦電流損失を低減させる。その結果、MnZn系フェライト焼結体の高周波数領域における磁心損失が低減する。Si含有量が少なすぎると粒界抵抗を高める効果が小さく、Si含有量が多すぎると逆に結晶の肥大化を誘発し、磁心損失を劣化させる。
Caは結晶粒界に偏析して結晶粒を絶縁し(粒界抵抗を高め)、相対損失係数tanδ/μiを小さくし、渦電流損失を低減させる。その結果、MnZn系フェライト焼結体の高周波数領域における磁心損失が低減する。Ca含有量が少なすぎると粒界抵抗を高める効果が小さく、Ca含有量が多すぎると逆に結晶の肥大化を誘発し、磁心損失を劣化させる。
Coは磁心損失の温度依存性を改善するのに有効な元素である。Co2+はFe2+とともに正の結晶磁気異方性定数K1を有する金属イオンとして、磁心損失が最小となる温度を調整する効果を有する。また、Coは残留磁束密度Brを低減させて、ヒステリシス損失Phを低減させる。一方、Co2+はFe2+に比べ大きな結晶磁気異方性定数K1を有するので、Coの含有量が多すぎると、磁化曲線がパーミンバー型となりやすく、また低温側で結晶磁気異方性定数が正の側に大きくなりすぎて、低温度域での損失の増加が著しく、また磁心損失の温度依存性も悪化する。一方、Co含有量が少なすぎると温度依存性を改善する効果が小さい。
ZrO2換算で0.03〜0.10質量部のZrは、Si及びCaとともに主に結晶粒界層に偏析して粒界抵抗を高め、もって低損失化するのに寄与するとともに、磁心損失の変化率Psを小さくする。Zr含有量が少なすぎると磁心損失と磁心損失の変化率Psの低減効果が小さく、Zr含有量が多すぎると粗大粒成長が生じ磁心損失が増大する。Zr含有量の下限はZrO2換算で0.05質量部が好ましく、0.06質量部がより好ましい。また、Zr含有量の上限はZrO2換算で0.09質量部が好ましく、0.08質量部がより好ましい。
Taは結晶粒界層に偏析して粒界抵抗を高めるので、0.05質量部を上限として含有させても良いが、0質量部(含有しない)でも良い。Ta含有量が多すぎると、Taは結晶粒内に侵入し、MnZn系フェライト焼結体の磁心損失を増大させる。Ta2O5換算で0〜0.05質量部のTaを含有することにより、渦電流損失を低減させるのに十分な粒界抵抗を確保でき、500 KHz以上の高周波数領域で、特に高温(100℃)でのヒステリシス損失及び残留損失を低減し、高周波領域で広い温度範囲での低損失化を実現する。Taを含有させる場合、含有量の下限はTa2O5換算で0.01質量部が好ましい。また、Ta含有量の上限はTa2O5換算で0.04質量部が好ましく、0.03質量部がより好ましい。
MnZn系フェライト焼結体を構成する原料には、不純物として硫黄S、塩素Cl、リンP、ホウ素B等が含まれることがある。中でもSはCaと化合物を形成し、その化合物は結晶粒界に異物として偏析し、体積抵抗率ρを低下させ、渦電流損失を増加させる。これらの不純物の含有量を低減させると、磁心損失の低減及び透磁率の向上が得られることが経験的に知られている。このため、磁心損失の更なる低減のためには、前記換算での主成分の合計100質量部に対して、Sを0.03質量部以下、Clを0.01質量部以下、Pを0.001質量部以下、及びBを0.0001質量部以下とするのが好ましい。
本発明のMnZn系フェライト焼結体は、3μ以上8μm未満の平均結晶粒径を有する。平均結晶粒径が8μm以上になると、渦電流損失及び残留損失の低減効果が不十分であり、500 KHz以下の高周波数領域での磁心損失が増大する。一方、平均結晶粒径が3μm未満であると、粒界が磁壁のピンニング点として作用し、また反磁界の影響から透磁率の低下及び磁心損失の増加が誘発される。平均結晶粒径は好ましく4〜7μmである。なお、平均結晶粒径は以下の実施例に記載の方法により求める。
本発明のMnZn系フェライト焼結体は4.65 g/cm3以上の密度を有する。焼結体密度が4.65 g/cm3未満であると、機械的強度が劣り、欠けや割れが生じ易い。好ましい焼結体密度は4.75 g/cm3以上である。なお、焼結体密度は以下の実施例に記載の方法により求める。
図1は本発明のMnZn系フェライト焼結体を得るための焼結工程の温度条件を示す。前記焼結工程は昇温工程、高温保持工程、及び降温工程を有する。焼結工程において酸素分圧を調整することによりCa、Zr等を粒界に偏析させるとともに、結晶粒内に固溶するのを適宜制御し、磁心損失を低減させる。
昇温工程のうち室温から400〜950℃の温度に至る間の第1昇温工程では、大気中で昇温を行い、成形体からバインダを除去する。第1昇温工程以降の高温保持工程までの間の第2昇温工程では、雰囲気中の酸素濃度を0.01〜0.5体積%に低下させるのが好ましい。昇温工程において、脱バインダにおける炭素残留の程度、組成等に応じて、昇温速度を適宜選択する。平均昇温速度は50〜200℃/時間の範囲内であるのが好ましい。
高温保持工程は、雰囲気中の酸素濃度を0.1〜0.5体積%に調整し、1150〜1250℃の温度で行うのが好ましい。高温保持工程における雰囲気中の酸素濃度は、第2昇温工程における酸素濃度より高く設定するのが好ましい。
降温工程において酸素濃度が高すぎると焼結体の酸化が進み、スピネルからヘマタイトが析出する。一方、酸素濃度が低すぎるとウスタイトが析出し、結晶ひずみが生じて磁心損失が増加する。ヘマタイト及びウスタイトの析出が起こらないように、降温工程における酸素濃度を制御するのが好ましい。具体的には、酸素濃度PO2(体積分率)と温度T(℃)とが下記式(2):
log PO2=a−b/(T+273)・・・(2)
(ただし、aは3.1〜12.8の定数であり、bは6000〜20000の定数である。)を満たすように、降温工程における酸素濃度を制御するのが好ましい。aは高温保持工程の温度と酸素濃度から規定される。bが6000未満であると、温度が下がっても酸素濃度が高く酸化が進み、スピネルからヘマタイトが析出することがある。一方、bが20000より大きいと、酸素濃度が低下してウスタイトが析出し、結晶粒及び粒界層ともに十分に酸化されずに抵抗が小さくなる。aは6.4〜11.5がより好ましく、bは10000〜18000がより好ましい。
主成分としてFe2O3粉末、ZnO粉末及びMn3O4粉末を表1に示す配合比で湿式混合した後、乾燥し、900℃で3時間仮焼成した。なお表1ではMn3O4粉末の添加量をMnO換算で示す。得られた各仮焼粉100質量部に対して、ボールミル内でSiO2粉末、CaCO3粉末、Co3O4粉末、ZrO2粉末、及びTa2O5粉末を表1に示す配合比で添加し、平均粉砕粒径が約1.2〜1.4μmとなるまで表2に示す時間粉砕・混合した。得られた各混合物にバインダとしてポリビニルアルコールを加えて乳鉢で顆粒化した後、加圧成形してリング状の成形体を得た。
各MnZn系フェライト焼結体の寸法及び重量から、体積重量法により密度を算出した。結果を表3に示す。
各MnZn系フェライト焼結体から平板状の試料を切出し、対向する二平面に銀ペースト電極を設け、日置電機株式会社製ミリオームハイテスタ3224を用いて電気抵抗R(Ω)を測定した。電極形成面の面積A(m2)と厚さt(m)から、次式(3) により体積抵抗率ρ(Ω・m)を算出した。結果を表3に示す。
ρ(Ω・m)=R×(A/t)・・・(3)
各MnZn系フェライト焼結体の鏡面研磨面における結晶粒界をサーマルエッチング(1100℃、1 hr、N2中処理)した後光学顕微鏡(400倍)で写真撮影し、顕微鏡写真の100μm×100μmの正方形領域において平均結晶粒径を求積法による円相当径として求めた。結果を表3に示す。
各MnZn系フェライト焼結体を磁心とし、一次側巻線及び二次側巻線をそれぞれ40回巻回した後1.2 kA/mの磁場を印加し、直流磁化測定試験装置(メトロン技研株式会社製SK-110型)を用いて23℃で飽和磁束密度Bsを測定した。結果を表3に示す。
各MnZn系フェライト焼結体を磁心とし、巻線を10回巻回した後0.4 A/mの磁界を印加し、ヒューレッドパッカード製HP-4285Aを用いて、23℃で100 kHzの条件で初透磁率μiを測定した。結果を表3に示す。
各MnZn系フェライト焼結体を磁心とし、一次側巻線及び二次側巻線をそれぞれ4ターン巻回し、岩崎通信機株式会社製のB-Hアナライザ(SY-8232)を用い、300 kHz及び500 kHzの各周波数及び100 mTの励磁磁束密度の条件で、20℃、40℃、60℃、80℃、100℃、120℃及び140℃における磁心損失Pcvを測定した。結果を表4及び表5に示す。
表6に示す組成及び表7に示す製造条件とした以外実施例1と同様にして、MnZn系フェライト焼結体を作製した。各MnZn系フェライト焼結体について、実施例1と同様にして密度、体積抵抗率ρ、平均結晶粒径、初透磁率μi、磁心損失Pcvを測定した。なお磁心損失Pcvの評価は、300 kHzの周波数及び100 mTの励磁磁束密度の条件で行った。結果を表8〜表10に示す。
Ps (%)=[(PcvB−PcvA)/PcvA]×100・・・(1)
(ただし、PcvAは高温(200℃)に保持前の磁心の磁心損失であり、PcvBは高温(200℃)に保持後の磁心の磁心損失である。)
Claims (5)
- Fe2O3換算で53.30〜53.80モル%のFe、ZnO換算で6.90〜9.50モル%のZn、及びMnO換算で残部のMnからなる主成分と、
前記換算での前記主成分の合計100質量部に対して、SiO2換算で0.003〜0.020質量部のSi、CaCO3換算で0質量部超0.35質量部以下のCa、Co3O4換算で0.30〜0.50質量部のCo、ZrO2換算で0.03〜0.10質量部のZr、及びTa2O5換算で0〜0.05質量部のTaからなる副成分とを含有し、
平均結晶粒径が3μm以上8μm未満であり、
焼結体密度が4.65 g/cm3以上であることを特徴とするMnZn系フェライト焼結体。 - 請求項1に記載のMnZn系フェライト焼結体において、Ta含有量がTa2O5換算で0.01質量部以上であることを特徴とするMnZn系フェライト焼結体。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のMnZn系フェライト焼結体において、Fe含有量がFe2O3換算で53.40〜53.70モル%であり、Zn含有量がZnO換算で7.00〜9.40モル%であり、Si含有量がSiO2換算で0.004〜0.015質量部であり、Co含有量がCo3O4換算で0.30〜0.45質量部であり、Zr含有量がZrO2換算で0.05〜0.09質量部であることを特徴とするMnZn系フェライト焼結体。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のMnZn系フェライト焼結体において、
300 kHzの周波数及び100 mTの励磁磁束密度における20℃での磁心損失Pcv20が300 kW/m3以下で、100℃での磁心損失Pcv100が320 kW/m3以下であり、
さらに500 kHzの周波数及び100 mTの励磁磁束密度における20℃での磁心損失Pcv20が650 kW/m3以下で、100℃での磁心損失Pcv100が850 kW/m3以下であることを特徴とするMnZn系フェライト焼結体。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のMnZn系フェライト焼結体において、下記式(1):
Ps (%)=[(Pcv100B−Pcv100A)/Pcv100A]×100・・・(1)
(ただし、Pcv100Aは200℃に保持前の100℃における磁心損失であり、Pcv100Bは200℃に96時間保持後の100℃における磁心損失であって、いずれも300 kHzの周波数及び100 mTの最大磁束密度において測定したものである。)で表される磁心損失の変化率Psが5%以下であることを特徴とするMnZn系フェライト焼結体。
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