JPWO2018163541A1 - 斜め巻きばね用線材および斜め巻きばね - Google Patents
斜め巻きばね用線材および斜め巻きばね Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018163541A1 JPWO2018163541A1 JP2019504326A JP2019504326A JPWO2018163541A1 JP WO2018163541 A1 JPWO2018163541 A1 JP WO2018163541A1 JP 2019504326 A JP2019504326 A JP 2019504326A JP 2019504326 A JP2019504326 A JP 2019504326A JP WO2018163541 A1 JPWO2018163541 A1 JP WO2018163541A1
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- Prior art keywords
- wire
- mass
- wound spring
- layer
- obliquely wound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 169
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年3月10日出願の日本出願第2017−045720号に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。
[本開示の効果]
最初に本願発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。本願の斜め巻きばね用線材は、パーライト組織を有する鋼からなる芯線と、芯線の外周面を覆い、銅または銅合金からなる銅めっき層と、銅めっき層の外周側に配置され、銅めっき層よりも硬度が高い硬質層と、を備える。鋼は、0.5質量%以上1.0質量%以下の炭素と、0.1質量%以上2.5質量%以下の珪素と、0.3質量%以上0.9質量%以下のマンガンとを含有し、残部が鉄および不可避的不純物からなる。
これにより、高い導電性が確保される。
炭素は、パーライト組織を有する鋼の強度および弾性限に大きな影響を与える元素である。斜め巻きばね用線材の芯線として十分な強度および弾性限を得る観点から、炭素含有量は0.5質量%以上とする必要がある。一方、炭素含有量が多くなると靱性が低下し、加工が困難になるおそれがある。十分な靱性を確保する観点から、炭素含有量は1.0質量%以下とする必要がある。強度および弾性限をさらに向上させる観点から、炭素含有量は0.6質量%以上とすることが好ましく、0.8質量%以上とすることがより好ましい。靱性を向上させて加工を容易とする観点から、炭素含有量は0.95質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
珪素は、鋼の精錬において脱酸剤として添加される元素である。脱酸剤としての機能を果たすため、珪素の含有量は0.1質量%以上とする必要があり、0.12質量%以上とすることが好ましい。また、珪素は、鋼中において炭化物生成元素として機能し、加熱による軟化を抑制する性質(軟化抵抗性)を有する。線材がばね加工された後に実施される歪み取り熱処理において軟化を抑制する観点から、珪素含有量は0.8質量%以上とすることが好ましく、1.8質量%以上としてもよい。一方、珪素は過度に添加すると靱性を低下させる。十分な靱性を確保する観点から、珪素含有量は2.5質量%以下とする必要があり、2.3質量%以下とすることが好ましく、さらには2.2質量%以下としてもよい。靱性を重視する観点からは、珪素含有量は1.0質量%以下としてもよい。
マンガンは、珪素と同様に鋼の精錬において脱酸剤として添加される元素である。脱酸剤としての機能を果たすため、マンガンの含有量は0.3質量%以上とする必要がある。
一方、マンガンは過度に添加すると、靱性や熱間加工における加工性を低下させる。そのため、マンガン含有量は0.9質量%以下とする必要がある。
芯線の製造工程において、リン(P)および硫黄(S)が不可避的に芯線を構成する鋼中に混入する。リンおよび硫黄は、過度に存在すると粒界偏析を生じたり、介在物を生成したりして、鋼の特性を悪化させる。そのため、リンおよび硫黄の含有量は、それぞれ0.025質量%以下とすることが好ましい。また、不可避的不純物の含有量は、合計で0.3質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
ニッケルを添加することにより、芯線の伸線加工時や線材のばね加工時における断線の発生が抑制される。この機能を確実に発揮させる観点から、ニッケルは0.1質量%以上添加されてもよい。一方、0.4質量%を超えて添加してもニッケルの上記効果は飽和する。また、高価な元素であるニッケルを0.4質量%を超えて添加すると、芯線の製造コストが上昇する。そのため、ニッケルの添加量は0.4質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
クロムは、鋼中において炭化物生成元素として機能し、微細な炭化物の生成による金属組織の微細化や加熱時の軟化抑制に寄与する。このような効果を確実に発揮させる観点から、クロムは0.1質量%以上添加されてもよく、0.2質量%以上、さらには0.5質量%以上添加されてもよい。一方、クロムの過度の添加は靱性低下の原因となる。そのため、クロムの添加量は1.8質量%以下とすることが好ましい。クロムの添加による上記効果は、珪素、バナジウムとの共存によって、特に顕著となる。そのため、クロムは、これらの元素とともに添加されることが好ましい。
モリブデンを添加することにより、弾性限を上昇させることができる。この機能を確実に発揮させる観点から、モリブデンは0.1質量%以上添加されてもよい。一方、0.4質量%を超えて添加してもモリブデンの上記効果は飽和する。また、高価な元素であるモリブデンを0.4質量%を超えて添加すると、芯線の製造コストが上昇する。そのため、モリブデンの添加量は0.4質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
バナジウムは、鋼中において炭化物生成元素として機能し、微細な炭化物の生成による金属組織の微細化や加熱時の軟化抑制に寄与する。このような効果を確実に発揮させる観点から、バナジウムは0.05質量%以上添加されてもよい。一方、バナジウムの過剰な添加は、靱性を低下させる。十分な靱性を確保する観点から、バナジウムの添加量は0.3質量%以下とすることが好ましい。バナジウムの添加による上記効果は、珪素、クロムとの共存によって、特に顕著となる。そのため、バナジウムは、これらの元素とともに添加されることが好ましい。
より広い非線形領域を得る観点から、銅めっき層の厚みは50μm以下としてもよい。
次に、本発明にかかる斜め巻きばね用線材および斜め巻きばねの実施の形態を、以下に図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、以下の図面において同一または相当する部分には同一の参照番号を付しその説明は繰返さない。
硬質層30は、ニッケル層であることが特に好ましい。ニッケル層やクロム層は、めっきによって容易に形成することができる。つまり、硬質層30は、ニッケルめっき層またはクロムめっき層とすることができる。
具体的には、原料鋼線がオーステナイト化温度(A1点)以上の温度域に加熱された後、マルテンサイト変態開始温度(Ms点)よりも高い温度域まで急冷され、当該温度域で保持される熱処理が実施される。これにより、原料鋼線の金属組織がラメラ間隔の小さい微細パーライト組織となる。ここで、上記パテンティング処理において、原料鋼線をA1点以上の温度域に加熱する処理は、脱炭の発生を抑制する観点から不活性ガス雰囲気中で実施される。
本願の斜め巻きばね用線材によれば、上述のように、ベリリウム銅に代わる材料からなり、広い非線形領域を有するとともに、安定した導電性を達成することが可能な斜め巻きばね用線材を提供することができる。一方、この線材は、必ずしも斜め巻きばねにのみ適用可能なものではなく、ばね全般に適用可能である。パーライト組織を有し、上記適切な成分組成の鋼からなる高強度な上記芯線と、上記銅めっき層と、上記硬質層とを備える上記線材によれば、安定した導電性を確保しつつ、高い反発力を維持できるばねを製造することができる。そのため、上記線材は、たとえばスイッチ用ばね(導電性ばね)などのばね(つる巻きばね)を製造するためのばね用線材として好適である。また、このような線材からなるばねは、たとえばスイッチ用ばね(導電性ばね)などのばね(つる巻きばね)として好適である。
2 斜め巻きばね
10 芯線
11 外周面
20 銅めっき層
21 外周面
30 硬質層
31 外周面
40 表面層
50 合金領域
Claims (13)
- パーライト組織を有する鋼からなる芯線と、
前記芯線の外周面を覆い、銅または銅合金からなる銅めっき層と、
前記銅めっき層の外周側に配置され、前記銅めっき層よりも硬度が高い硬質層と、を備え、
前記鋼は、0.5質量%以上1.0質量%以下の炭素と、0.1質量%以上2.5質量%以下の珪素と、0.3質量%以上0.9質量%以下のマンガンとを含有し、残部が鉄および不可避的不純物からなる、斜め巻きばね用線材。 - 前記鋼は、0.1質量%以上0.4質量%以下のニッケル、0.1質量%以上1.8質量%以下のクロム、0.1質量%以上0.4質量%以下のモリブデンおよび0.05質量%以上0.3質量%以下のバナジウムからなる群から選択される一種以上の元素をさらに含有する、請求項1に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 前記硬質層の硬度は300HV以上である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 前記硬質層の硬度は、前記銅めっき層の硬度よりも50HV以上高い、請求項1〜請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 前記銅めっき層の厚みに対する前記硬質層の厚みの比率は1/10以上1未満である、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 前記硬質層はめっき層である、請求項1〜請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 前記硬質層は、ニッケル層またはクロム層である、請求項1〜請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 引張強さが900MPa以上3000MPa以下である、請求項1〜請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 導電率が15%IACS以上50%IACS以下である、請求項1〜請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 前記銅めっき層と前記硬質層との間には、前記銅めっき層を構成する金属元素と前記硬質層を構成する金属元素とを含む合金領域が形成されている、請求項1〜請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 前記硬質層はニッケル層であり、
前記合金領域は、銅およびニッケルを含む、請求項10に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。 - 前記硬質層上に、金層、銀層またはスズ層が、前記斜め巻きばね用線材の外周面を含むように配置されている、請求項1〜請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の斜め巻きばね用線材からなる、斜め巻きばね。
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