JPWO2018079714A1 - ヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法 - Google Patents
ヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
項1.ヒト成熟肝細胞を血清、A−83−01及びCHIR99021を含有する培地で培養することを含む、ヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法。
項2.前記ヒト成熟肝細胞が乳幼児由来である、項1に記載のヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法。
項3.前記血清がウシ胎児血清である、項1又は2に記載のヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法。
項4.ヒト成熟肝細胞を血清、A−83−01及びCHIR99021を含有する培地で培養することにより調製された、ヒト肝前駆細胞。
項5.項4に記載されたヒト肝前駆細胞から誘導された成熟肝細胞。
項6.項5に記載された成熟肝細胞を用いることを含む、被検物質のスクリーニング方法。
項7.項5に記載された成熟肝細胞を用いることを含む、肝炎ウイルスの培養方法。
項8.項5に記載された成熟肝細胞が非ヒト哺乳動物に移植された、ヒト肝臓モデル動物。
項9.ヒト肝前駆細胞又は成熟肝細胞を用いて、被検物質の代謝及び/又は肝毒性を評価するためのキットであって、
ヒト成熟肝細胞を血清、A−83−01及びCHIR99021を含有する培地で培養することにより調製されたヒト肝前駆細胞、又は該ヒト肝前駆細胞から誘導された成熟肝細胞を含む、キット。
本発明に使用するヒト成熟肝細胞は、生体肝臓組織から既知の任意の方法にしたがって、取得することができる。なお、本明細書において、生体肝臓組織とは、出生後のヒト肝臓から取得した肝臓組織を意味する。生体肝臓組織の供給個体は、生存していても死亡していてもよい。生体肝臓組織の供給個体の年齢は限定されないが、細胞増殖の観点から、20代以下が好ましく、さらに好ましくは10才以下であり、より好ましくは、乳幼児(0才〜7才)であり、最も好ましくは乳児(0才〜2才)である。
本発明に用いられる血清は、例えば、ヒト血清、ウシ胎児血清(FBS)、ウシ血清、仔ウシ血清、ヤギ血清、ウマ血清、ブタ血清、ヒツジ血清、ウサギ血清、ラット血清などが挙げられ、好ましくはFBS、仔ウシ血清、ウシ血清であり、さらに好ましくはFBSである。また、本発明に用いられる血清とは、アルブミン(ウシ、ブタ、ヒト、イヌ、ウサギ、ラット、マウス、ニワトリ等)、ヒト血小板溶解物等の血清成分由来の物質であってもよい。本発明に用いられる血清は、市販品であってもよい。
A−83−01(CAS No.909910−43−6)はTGF−βシグナル阻害薬の一種であり、TGF−β type I/activin受容体様キナーゼ(ALK5)、type I activing/nodal受容体キナーゼ(ALK4)、type Inodal受容体キナーゼ(ALK7)を選択的に阻害することができる。A−83−01は、3−(6−メチル−2−ピリジニル)−N−フェニル−4−(4−キノリニル)−1H−ピラゾール−1−カルボチオアミド(3−(6−Methyl−2−pyridinyl)−N−phenyl−4−(4−quinolinyl)−1H−pyrazole−1−carbothioamide)としても公知である。限定はされないが、A−83−01は和光純薬工業株式会社等から入手することができる。
CHIR99021(CAS No.252917−06−9)はGSK−3β(Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β)阻害剤の一種で、現在最も選択性の高い阻害剤として知られている。CHIR99021は6−[[2−[[4−(2,4−ジクロロフェニル)−5−(5−メチル−1H−イミダゾール−2−イル)−2−ピリミジニル]アミノ]エチル]アミノ]−3−ピリジンカルボニトリル(6−[[2−[[4−(2,4−dichlorophenyl)−5−(5−methyl−1H−imidazol−2−yl)−2 pyrimidinyl]amino]ethyl]amino]−3−pyridinecarbonitrile)としても公知である。限定はされないが、CHIR99021は和光純薬工業株式会社等から入手することができる。
本発明において、ヒト成熟肝細胞を培養する培地は、さらにROCKインヒビターを含有していてもよい。ここで、ROCKインヒビターとしては、限定はされないが、Y−27632(CAS No. 146986−50−7)、GSK269962(CAS No. 850664−21−0)、Fasudil hydrochloride(CAS No. 105628−07−7)、H−1152(CAS No. 871543−07−6)が例示され、Y−27632が好ましい。Y−27632は選択的かつ強力なROCK(Rho−associated coiled forming kinase/Rho結合キナーゼ)阻害剤である。Y−27632は、トランス−4−[(1R)−1−アミノエチル]−N−4−ピリジニル−シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド(trans−4−[(1R)−1−aminoethyl]−N−4−pyridinyl−cyclohexanecarboxamide)としても公知である。また、Y−27632はフリー体であっても、塩酸塩、硫酸塩等の塩の形であっても、水和物であってもよい。GSK269962Aは、N−[3−[[2−(4−アミノ−1,2,5−オキサジアゾル−3−イル)−1−エチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル]オキシ]フェニル]−4−[2−(4−モルフォリニル)エチオキシ]ベンザミド(N−[3−[[2−(4−Amino−1,2,5−oxadiazol−3−yl)−1−ethyl−1H−imidazo[4,5−c]pyridin−6−yl]oxy]phenyl]−4−[2−(4−morpholinyl)ethoxy]benzamide)としても公知である。Fasudil hydrochlorideは、ファスジル塩酸塩(1−(5−Isoquinolinesulfonyl)homopiperazine Dihydrochloride)としても公知である。Fasudil hydrochlorideは、フリー体であっても、塩酸塩、硫酸塩等の塩の形であっても、水和物であってもよい。H−1152は、(S)−(+)−2−メチル−1−[(4−メチル−5−イソキノリニル)sulfonyl]−ヘキサハイドロ−1H−1,4−ヂアゼピンヂヒドロクロリド((S)−(+)−2−Methyl−1−[(4−methyl−5−isoquinolinyl)sulfonyl]−hexahydro−1H−1,4−diazepine dihydrochloride)としても公知である。限定はされないが、Y−27632は和光純薬工業株式会社等、SK269962AはAxon medchem社等、Fasudil hydrochlorideはTocris Bioscience社等、H−1152は和光純薬工業社等から入手することができる。
培養温度:15℃〜45℃が好ましく、25℃〜40℃がさらに好ましく、37℃が最も好ましい。
CO2濃度:1%〜10%が好ましく、3%〜8%がさらに好ましく、5%が最も好ましい。
培養期間:1日(24時間)〜30日が好ましく、3日〜20日がさらに好ましい。
ヒト凍結肝細胞(Lot.ID:HC3−14、45Y、Male、Caucasian、Xenotech社製)を、解凍用培地(William’s E培地(Life Technologies社製、32551−020)、10% FBS(Life Technologies社製)、10−4M insulin(Sigma社製)、1x antibiotic/antimycotic solution(Life Technologies社製))に懸濁し、500rpm(約40xg)、4℃、2minの低速遠心にてヒト肝細胞回収した。回収した細胞を播種培地(L−15培地(Life Technologies社製、11415−064)、1x antibiotic/antimycotic solution (Life Technologies社製))に再度懸濁し、細胞数をカウントした。コラーゲンコートプレート(IWAKI社製)に、1x104 cells/cm2となるように播種し、CO2インキュベーター(37℃、5%CO2)内に入れ、細胞が接着した3−5時間後に播種培地から、基礎培地(以下、「SHM培地」(DMEM/F12培地(Life Technologies社製、11320033)、5mM HEPES(Sigma社製、St. Louis、 MO)、30mg/L L−proline(Sigma社製)、0.05% BSA(Sigma社製)、10ng/mL epidermal growth factor(Sigma社製)、insulin−transferrin−serine(ITS)−X(Life Technologies社製)、10−7M dexamethasone(Dex)(Sigma社製)、10mM nicotinamide(Sigma社製)、100mM ascorbic acid−2 phosphate(Wako社製)、1x antibiotic/antimycotic solution(Life Technologies社製))に、10% FBS(Life Technologies社製)、0.5μM A−83−01(WAKO社製)及び3μM CHIR99021(Axon Medchem社製)を加えたAC−F培地、基礎培地に10% FBS(Life Technologies社製)、0.5μM A−83−01(WAKO社製)、3μM CHIR99021(Axon Medchem社製)及び10μM Y−27632(WAKO社製)を加えたYAC−F培地、及び0.5 μM A−83−01(WAKO社製)、3μM CHIR99021(Axon Medchem社製)及び10μM Y−27632(WAKO社製)を加えたYAC培地に置き換えた。その後は2−3日に一回の頻度で各試験用培地を用いて培地交換を行い、CO2インキュベーター(37℃、5%CO2)内で培養を行った。
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(10M、Female、Hispanic、Celsis社製)を用いて、AC−F培地で培養を行ったところ、6日後(D6)、9日後(D9)及び12日後(D12)において、肝前駆細胞が観察された(図2)。図2において、矢印は肝前駆細胞から、一部自発的に分化し成熟化した細胞を示す。
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(2Y、Male、Caucasian、Biopredic社製)を用いて、AC−F培地で培養を行ったところ、7日、及び14日後において、肝前駆細胞が観察された。これに対して、試験培地を10% FBS(Life Technologies社製)のみを含有するFBS培地として、培養を行った場合には、肝前駆細胞は観察されなかった(図3)。
uPA遺伝子が肝細胞特異的に発現し、先天的に肝臓が障害を受け続けることで慢性肝障害を発症するcDNA−uPA/SCIDマウスに、本発明の肝前駆細胞の移植を行い、cDNA−uPA/SCIDマウスの肝臓に、本発明の肝前駆細胞由来の肝細胞が生着することを確認する。
肝細胞特異的にtimidine kinaseを発現するため、ガンシクロビル投与によって肝細胞特異的に細胞死を誘導し、肝障害を引き起こすことができる、TK−NOG mouseに本発明の肝前駆細胞の移植を行い、TK−NOG mouseの肝臓に、本発明の肝前駆細胞由来の肝細胞が生着することを確認する。
肝細胞へ分化されたことを確認する遺伝子発現の試験
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞を用いて、AC−F培地で培養を行い、肝前駆細胞を調製した後に、oncostatin M(OSM)及びデキサメサゾン(Dex)を含む培地で6日間培養を行い、その後マトリゲルで培養を行い、肝細胞へ分化させる。分化させた肝細胞について、取扱説明書に従って、SurePrint G3 Rat GE 8x60K Kit(G4853A)及びSurePrint G3 Mouse GE 8x60K Ver 2.0 Kit(G4852B)を用い、one−color microarray−based gene expression analysis system(Agilent Technologies社製)によりデータを取得する。強度数値は2を底として対数変換して、Partek Genomics Suite 6.6(Partek Inc製、 Chesterfield、MO、USA)にデータを読み込む。遺伝子発現の解析にはone−way ANOVAを用い、発現に差のある遺伝子を同定する。それぞれの解析において、P値及び変化量の比を算出する。Partek Genomics Suite 6.6を用い、全データセット又はソート済みのデータセットについて、選択したプローブセットを用いたEuclidean distances of average linkage clusteringの手法によって、Unsupervised clustering及びヒートマップ作成を実施し、肝特異的遺伝子の発現の確認を行う。
セクレチンアッセイ
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞を用いて、AC−F培地で培養を行い、肝前駆細胞を調製した後に、mTeSR1及びYACを含む培地で、MEF上で、6日間培養を行い、その後2%マトリゲルを添加して2日間培養を行い、胆管上皮細胞へ分化させる。分化させた胆管上皮細胞について、ラットセクレチンを2x10−7 M(Wako社製)にて添加して30分培養したのち、位相差顕微鏡を用いて、胆管様構造における管腔領域の拡大を観察して、胆管上皮細胞への分化の確認を行う。
フルオレセインジアセテートアッセイ
実施例7と同様に、肝前駆細胞から胆管上皮細胞へ分化させ、得られた胆管上皮細胞にフルオレセインジアセテートを添加して、15分培養したのち、新しい培地に交換する。さらに30分間培養を継続することで分解されたフルオレセインの管腔領域への輸送を促す。そののち、培地をHBSS(+)に置換し、蛍光顕微鏡にてフルオレセインの分布を観察して、胆管上皮細胞への分化の確認を行う。
肝細胞へ分化させた際の肝特異的遺伝子の発現の確認試験
実施例6と同様に、肝前駆細胞から肝細胞へ分化させ、得られた肝細胞についてmiRNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN社製、 Venlo、 The Netherlands)を用い、トータルRNAを抽出する。取扱説明書に従って、High−Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Life Technologies社製)を用いて逆転写を行う。作製したcDNAを鋳型に、Platinum SYBR Green qPCR SuperMix UDG (Invitrogen社製)を用いてPCRを行い、肝特異的遺伝子の発現の確認を行う。
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(10M、Female、Hispanic、Celsis社製)を用いて、AC−F培地で11日間培養を行った細胞について、PBS(−)で2回洗浄した後に、TrypLE Express(Thermo社製、 SKU:12604013)にて剥離回収して、細胞数の測定を行った。細胞懸濁液を遠心(200xg、5分)した後、5x107cellsになるように、DMEM10(10%FBS−DMEM)に懸濁した。
実施例10と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(10M、Female、Hispanic、Celsis社製)を用いて、AC−F培地で11日間培養を行った細胞について、PBS(−)で2回洗浄した後に、TrypLE Express(Thermo社製、 SKU:12604013)にて剥離回収して、細胞数の測定を行った。細胞懸濁液を遠心(200xg、5分)した後、5x107cellsになるように、DMEM10(10%FBS−DMEM)に懸濁した。TK−NOG mouse(Hasegawa et. al.、 2011、7−8週齢、インビボサイエンス社製、n=2)にガンシクロビル(GCV)を投与し、投与1週間後にALTを測定して400−1600 U/dLの値を示した個体を被移植動物として使用した。なおGCV の調製に当たっては500 mg(田辺三菱製薬、点滴静注用デノシン)を10 mLの注射用蒸留水(大塚)で溶解(50 mg/mL)し、0.2mLずつ分注したものをオリジナルストックとし、移植時にこれをPBS(−)で5倍希釈したものを用事調製し、マウス体重10gあたり0.1mLを腹腔内投与して、肝細胞特異的に細胞死を誘導した。TK−NOG mouseをイソフルラン麻酔下にて開腹し、脾臓を露出し、1x106 cells/mouseで投与した後、開腹部を縫合した。1週間に1回、20〜40uLの血液を尾静脈から採取して、血清を分離して、血清中のhuman特異的なアルブミンをALB Human ALB ELISA kit(Bethyl社製、商品コード:E88−129)で測定した。図8に示すようにマウス血清中human ALBが存在することが確認でき、肝前駆細胞由来の肝細胞が生着することが確認された。なお、細胞投与後60日における血清中human ALBは、それぞれの個体で8.1mg/mL及び2.2mg/mLであった。
実施例1同様にヒト凍結肝細胞1(10M、Female、Hispanic、Celsis社製)及びヒト凍結肝細胞2(8M、Male、Caucasian、BioreclamationIVT社製)を用いて、AC−F培地で培養を行い、肝前駆細胞(それぞれ「FCL」、「DUX」と言う)を調製した後に、oncostatin M(OSM、5ng/ml)及びデキサメサゾン(Dex、10−6M)を含む培地で6日間培養を行い、その後マトリゲルで2日間培養を行い、肝細胞へ分化させた。肝前駆細胞及び分化させた肝細胞について、メタノール(MeOH、1%濃度)及びオメプラゾール(OMP、50 μM)を用いて、代謝酵素CYP1A2の活性の測定を行った。また、蒸留水及びフェノバルビタール(1 mM)を用いて、代謝酵素CYP3A4の活性の測定を行った。代謝酵素の活性は、プロメガ社のLuciferin1A2キット及び、Luciferin−IPAキットによりそれぞれ行った。肝前駆細胞を肝細胞に分化させることにより、CYP1A2及びCYP3A4が誘導されることが明らかとなった(図11〜14)。
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(10M、Female、Hispanic、Celsis社製)を用いて、AC−F培地で培養を行い、肝前駆細胞を調製した後に、oncostatin M(OSM、5ng/ml)及びデキサメサゾン(Dex、10−6M)を含む培地で6日間培養を行い、その後マトリゲルで2日間培養を行い、肝細胞へ分化させた。肝前駆細胞及び分化させた肝細胞について、PCRを用いて、各代謝酵素等の発現量を測定した。肝前駆細胞を肝細胞に分化させることにより、ALB、TAT、TDO2、TTR、G6PC、NTCP、CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP3A4及びCYP7A1が誘導されることが明らかとなった(図15〜27)。
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(10M、Female、Hispanic、Celsis社製)を用いて、肝前駆細胞を調製した後に、cDNA−uPA/SCIDマウス(2−4M、Male、フェニクスバイオ社製)をイソフルラン麻酔下にて開腹し、脾臓を露出し、0.5x105〜2x106 cells/mouseで移植した後、開腹部を縫合した。移植後73日目に、肝臓を摘出して肝細胞をかん流分離し、4x105 cells/wellで24穴コラーゲンプレート(IWAKI社製)上で2%FBS−SHM培地を用いて4日間培養を行った。図28及び図29はそれぞれ、移植前の肝前駆細胞及び移植後取り出し、4日間培養を行った細胞の写真であり、形態学的な観察から、移植された細胞がマウス肝臓内で完全に肝細胞へと成熟している様子がうかがえた。
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(8M、Male、Caucasian、BioreclamationIVT社製)を用いて、肝前駆細胞を調製し、実施例14と同様に移植及び培養を行った。図32及び図33はそれぞれ、移植前の肝前駆細胞及び移植後取り出し、4日間培養を行った細胞の写真である。
実施例1と同様にヒト凍結肝細胞(1Y、Male)を用いて、肝前駆細胞を調製し、実施例14と同様に移植及び培養を行った。図36及び37はそれぞれ、移植前の肝前駆細胞及び移植後取り出し、4日間培養を行った細胞の写真である。
Claims (9)
- ヒト成熟肝細胞を血清、A−83−01及びCHIR99021を含有する培地で培養することを含む、ヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法。
- 前記成熟肝細胞が乳幼児由来である、請求項1に記載のヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法。
- 前記血清がウシ胎児血清である、請求項1又は2に記載のヒト肝前駆細胞の調製方法。
- ヒト成熟肝細胞を血清、A−83−01及びCHIR99021を含有する培地で培養することにより調製された、ヒト肝前駆細胞。
- 請求項4に記載されたヒト肝前駆細胞から誘導された成熟肝細胞。
- 請求項5に記載された成熟肝細胞を用いることを含む、被検物質のスクリーニング方法。
- 請求項5に記載された成熟肝細胞を用いることを含む、肝炎ウイルスの培養方法。
- 請求項5に記載された成熟肝細胞が非ヒト哺乳動物に移植された、ヒト肝臓モデル動物。
- ヒト肝前駆細胞又は成熟肝細胞を用いて、被検物質の代謝及び/又は肝毒性を評価するためのキットであって、
ヒト成熟肝細胞を血清、A−83−01及びCHIR99021を含有する培地で培養することにより調製されたヒト肝前駆細胞、又は該ヒト肝前駆細胞から誘導された成熟肝細胞を含む、キット。
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