JPWO2017069013A1 - 捺染剤、捺染剤の製造方法及び布帛物 - Google Patents
捺染剤、捺染剤の製造方法及び布帛物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
しかし、前記ポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料やジケトピロロピロール顔料は、シアン等の基本色に使用される顔料と比較して、比重や一次粒子径が大きいため粗大粒子を形成しやすい傾向があり、どうしても基本色の捺染剤に匹敵するレベルにまで粗大粒子の形成を低減することができない場合があった。
ポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料は、金属フタロシアニンをハロゲン化した顔料であり、例えばポリクロロ銅フタロシアニン、ポリブロモ銅フタロシアニン、ポリブロモクロロ銅フタロシアニン、ポリクロロ亜鉛フタロシアニン、ポリブロモ亜鉛フタロシアニン、ポリブロモクロロ亜鉛フタロシアニン等が挙げられる。
ジケトピロロピロール顔料としては、具体的にはC.I.ピグメントレッド254、C.I.ピグメントレッド255、C.I.ピグメントレッド264、C.I.ピグメントレッド270、C.I.ピグメントレッド272、ピグメントオレンジ71、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ73、ピグメントオレンジ81及びこれらの顔料から選ばれる少なくとも2種以上の顔料の混合物もしくは固溶体を挙げることができる。色相及び着色力の点から、C.I.ピグメントレッド254、C.I.ピグメントレッド255であることがより好ましい。ジケトピロロピロール顔料は、1種単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。 顔料の形態は粉末状、顆粒状あるいは塊状の乾燥顔料でもよく、ウエットケーキやスラリーでもよい。
本発明では、顔料分散剤として、水への溶解度が0.1g/100ml以下であり、且つ、前記アニオン性基の塩基性化合物による中和率を100%にしたときに水中で微粒子を形成する、数平均分子量が1000〜6000の範囲内のポリマー(A)を使用する。
本発明では、ポリマー(A)の水への溶解度を、次のように定義した。すなわち、目開き250μm、および90μmの篩を用い250μm〜90μmの範囲に粒子径を整えたポリマー0.5gを、400メッシュ金網を加工した袋に封入し、水50mlに浸漬、25℃の温度下で24時間緩やかに攪拌放置した。24時間浸漬後、ポリマーを封入した400メッシュ金網を110℃に設定した乾燥機において2時間乾燥を行うことにより、乾燥させた。ポリマーを封入した400メッシュ金網の水浸漬前後の重量の変化を測定し、次式により溶解度を算出した。
また、本発明において、アニオン性基の塩基性化合物による中和率を100%にしたときに水中で微粒子を形成するか否かは、以下に記載の方法で判断した。
(1)ポリマーの酸価を予め、JIS試験方法K 0070−1992に基づく酸価測定方法により測定した。具体的には、テトラヒドロフラン(以下THFと称する場合がある)溶媒にポリマー0.5gを溶解させ、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として、0.1M水酸化カリウムアルコール溶液で滴定し酸価を求めた。
(2)水50mlに対して、ポリマーを1g添加後、得られた酸価を100%中和するだけの0.1mol/L水酸化カリウム水溶液を加え、100%中和とした。
(3)100%中和させた液を、25℃の温度下で、2時間超音波洗浄器(株式会社エスエヌディ超音波洗浄器US−102、38kHz自励発信)中で超音波を照射させた後24時間室温で放置した。
本発明で使用するポリマー(A)が形成する微粒子の水中で安定をより一層向上させるために、前記微粒子の粒子径は、5〜1000nmの範囲であることが好ましく、7〜700nmの範囲であることがより好ましく、10〜500nmの範囲であることが最も好ましい。また、前記微粒子の粒度分布は、狭いほうがより分散安定性に優れる傾向にあるが、粒度分布が広い場合であっても、従来よりも優れた分散安定性を備えた顔料分散体を得ることができる。なお、前記粒子径及び粒度分布は、前記微粒子の測定方法と同様に、動的光散乱式粒子径分布測定装置(日機装株式会社製動的光散乱式粒子径測定装置「マイクロトラック粒度分布計UPA−ST150」)を用い測定した。
本発明で使用するポリマー(A)の中和率は、以下の式により決定した。
本発明で使用するポリマー(A)の数平均分子量は1000〜6000である。前記ポリマー(A)は、前述のとおり水への溶解度が0.1g/100ml以下と低いため、あまり高い分子量のポリマーを、塩基性化合物で中和された状態で水分散させようとすると析出する可能性がある。また、前記ポリマー(A)の顔料凝集体への浸透性が弱くなり、顔料の凝集体の解砕性が低くなる傾向にあり、顔料の水への分散を容易に行うことができない場合がある。
ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィー(GPC)法により、下記の条件で測定した。
カラム:東ソー株式会社製の下記のカラムを直列に接続して使用した。
「TSKgel G4000」(7.8mmI.D.×30cm)×1本
「TSKgel G3000」(7.8mmI.D.×30cm)×1本
「TSKgel G2000」(7.8mmI.D.×30cm)×1本
検出器:RI(示差屈折計)
カラム温度:40℃
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:1.0mL/分
注入量:100μL(試料濃度0.4質量%のTHF溶液)
標準試料:下記の標準ポリスチレンを用いて検量線を作成した。
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−500」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−1000」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−2500」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−5000」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−1」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−2」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−4」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−10」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−20」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−40」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−80」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−128」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−288」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−550」
本発明で使用するポリマー(A)を含む水性樹脂分散体の表面張力は70dyn/cmであり、水の表面張力に近い値を示すものがある。前記ポリマー(A)のの表面張力が高いほど、得られる顔料分散体の表面張力を一定以上に維持することが期待できる。
リビングアニオン重合によって製造される前記ポリマー(A)は、具体的には、一般式(1)で表されるポリマーである。
前記ポリマーブロックA3におけるアニオン性基は、例えば、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基または燐酸基等があげられる。中でもカルボキシル基がその調製やモノマー品種の豊富さ入手し易さから好ましい。また2つのカルボキシル基が分子内または分子間において脱水縮合した酸無水基となっていてもよい。
リビングアニオン重合法は、反応条件を整えることにより、従来のフリーラジカル重合で用いられるようなバッチ方式により実施できる他、マイクロリアクターによる連続的に重合する方法を挙げることもできる。マイクロリアクターは、重合開始剤とモノマーの混合性が良好であるため、反応が同時に開始し、温度が均一で重合速度を揃えることができるため、製造される重合体の分子量分布を狭くできる。また同時に、成長末端が安定であるためブロックの両成分が混じりあわないブロック共重合体を製造することが容易になる。また、反応温度の制御性が良好であるため副反応を抑えることが容易である。
第一のモノマーと重合を開始させる重合開始剤とを、それぞれチューブリアクターP1及びP2(図1中7及び8)から、複数の液体を混合可能な流路を備えるT字型マイクロミキサーM1(図1中1)に導入し、T字型マイクロミキサーM1内で、第一のモノマーをリビングアニオン重合し第一の重合体を形成する(工程1)。
なお、このとき反応調整剤の種類や使用量により、前記一般式(1)におけるnの数をコントロールすることが可能である。
次に、反応調整剤を使用して成長末端の反応性を調整した後、前記アニオン性基に再生可能な保護基を有する(メタ)アクリレートを含むモノマーを前記第二のモノマーとして反応させポリマーブロックを得る。
前記ポリマーブロック(A2)とポリマーブロック(A3)のモル比A2:A3を、ポリマーブロック(A2)を構成する芳香環または複素環を有するモル数と、(A3)を構成するアニオン性基のモル数のモル比で表した場合は100:7.5〜100:400が好ましい。
本発明の水性顔料分散体において、前記ポリマー(A)のアニオン性基は中和されていることが好ましい。
本発明で使用する水は、イオン交換水、限外濾過水、逆浸透水、蒸留水等の純水、または超純水を用いることができる。また、紫外線照射、または過酸化水素添加などにより滅菌した水を用いることにより、インク組成物を長期保存する場合にカビまたはバクテリアの発生を防止することができるので好適である。
本発明で使用する有機溶剤は、従来より捺染用のスクリーン記録用インクや水性インクジェット記録用インクに用いられているものをいずれも使用できる。有機溶剤としては、保湿剤として機能するもの及び浸透溶剤として機能するものに大別される。
本発明で使用するバインダー樹脂は、粒子状で溶媒中に存在する分散体の形態や、水に完全に溶解して存在する水溶性樹脂の形態等、いずれの形態でも構わない。
本発明の捺染剤は、前記顔料の高濃度水分散液(以後、水性顔料分散体と称す)を作成し、それを更に水で希釈し前記バインダー樹脂、必要に応じてその他の添加剤を添加して調製することができる。
また、顔料とポリマー(A)との含有比率は、特に限定はないが、通常は質量比で10/0.5〜10/20の範囲で行うことが多く、より好ましくは10/0.5〜10/10である。
本発明の捺染剤は、布帛、人工皮革、天然皮革等に対して印捺することができる。特に布帛に対しての印捺に優れる。
本発明の捺染剤は、グリーン色及びブルー色の捺染剤として使用する以外、基本色であるイエロー色、マゼンタ色、シアン色、ブラック色、または、ブルー色等を併用して使用することができる。これらの捺染剤は、本発明のグリーン色及びレッド色の捺染剤で使用するポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料及びジケトピロロピロール顔料の代わりに、各々の発色を有する顔料をする以外は本発明のグリーン色及びレッド色の捺染剤と同様の方法で得ることができる。もちろん市販の捺染剤と組み合わせてもよい。
(合成例1)
重合開始剤としてn−ブチルリチウム(BuLi)と第一のモノマーとしてスチレン(St)とを図1におけるチューブリアクターP1及びP2とから、図1におけるT字型マイクロミキサーM1に導入し、リビングアニオン重合させ重合体を形成させた。
重合開始剤/第一モノマー/反応調整剤/第二モノマー=1.0/13.3/1.0/8.1
重合開始剤としてBuLiと第一のモノマーとしてStとを図1におけるチューブリアクターP1及びP2とから、図1におけるT字型マイクロミキサーM1に導入し、リビングアニオン重合させ重合体を形成させた。
重合開始剤/第一モノマー/反応調整剤/第二モノマー=1.0/12.0/1.3/8.1
(ランダムポリマーの調製方法)
撹拌装置、滴下装置、還流装置を有する反応容器にメチルエチルケトン100部を仕込み、撹拌しながら反応容器内を窒素置換した。反応容器内を窒素雰囲気に保ちながら加温しメチルエチルケトンの還流状態とした後、滴下装置からSt74部、アクリル酸11部、メタクリル酸15部および重合開始剤(和光純薬工業社製/「V−75」)8部の混合液を2時間かけて滴下した。なお滴下の途中より反応系の温度を80℃に保った。
滴下終了後、同温度でさらに25時間反応を続けた。なお、反応の途中において、原料の消費状況を確認しながら、適宜、重合開始剤を追加した。反応終了後、メチルエチルケトンを減圧下で留去し、得られた固体を粉砕して、ポリマー(PH−1)の粉体を得た。
ポリマー(PH−1)の数平均分子量は5255、重量平均分子量は9000で、酸価は185mgKOH/gであった。
得られた各ポリマー(A)の物性値は以下のように測定した。
ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィー(GPC)法により、下記の条件で測定した。
カラム:東ソー株式会社製の下記のカラムを直列に接続して使用した。
「TSKgel G4000」(7.8mmI.D.×30cm)×1本
「TSKgel G3000」(7.8mmI.D.×30cm)×1本
「TSKgel G2000」(7.8mmI.D.×30cm)×1本
検出器:RI(示差屈折計)
カラム温度:40℃
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:1.0mL/分
注入量:100μL(試料濃度0.4質量%のTHF溶液)
標準試料:下記の標準ポリスチレンを用いて検量線を作成した。
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−500」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−1000」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−2500」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン A−5000」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−1」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−2」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−4」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−10」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−20」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−40」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−80」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−128」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−288」
東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel 標準ポリスチレン F−550」
目開き250μm、および90μmの篩を用い250μm〜90μmの範囲に粒子径を整えたポリマー0.5gを、400メッシュ金網を加工した袋に封入し、水50mlに浸漬、25℃の温度下で24時間緩やかに攪拌放置した。24時間浸漬後、ポリマーを封入した400メッシュ金網を110℃に設定した乾燥機において2時間乾燥を行うことにより、乾燥させた。ポリマーを封入した400メッシュ金網の水浸漬前後の重量の変化を測定し、次式により溶解度を算出した。
(1)前記酸価の測定方法に従い、ポリマーの酸価を求める。
(2)水50mlに対して、ポリマーを1g添加後、上記(1)で得たポリマーの酸価を100%中和するだけの0.1mol/L水酸化カリウム水溶液を加え、100%中和とする。
(3)100%中和させた液を、25℃の温度下で、2時間超音波洗浄機(株式会社エスエヌディ超音波洗浄器US−102、38kHz自励発信)中で超音波を照射し分散させた後、24時間室温で放置する。
前記水中での微粒子形成の判断方法で得たサンプル液と同様のサンプル液を、ウィルヘルミ表面張力計を用い測定した値とした。
以下のいずれかの方法で、水性顔料分散体を得た。なお使用したポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料、及びポリマー(A)の種類、及び各々の原料の使用量は、後述の表中に記載した。
ポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料またはジケトピロロピロール顔料を120質量部、前述の合成方法で得たポリマー(A)であるPA―1もしくはPA−2または比較合成例で得たPH−1の36質量部を0.2Lの常圧ニーダー(株式会社アドバンス製)に仕込み、ジャケット温度を80℃(羽回転数:40rpm)で混合した。その後、水溶性溶剤としてジエチレングリコール52質量部、塩基性化合物として34質量%水酸化カリウム水溶液15質量部を添加し、1時間混練を行う工程1を行った。
ポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料またはジケトピロロピロール顔料を150質量部、前述の合成方法で得たポリマー(A)であるPA―1もしくはPA−2または比較合成例で得たPH−1を45質量部、水溶性溶剤としてトリエチレングリコールを95質量部、34質量%水酸化カリウム水溶液19質量部を、1.0Lのインテンシブミキサー(日本アイリッヒ株式会社)に仕込み、ローター周速2.94m/s、パン周速1m/sで、25分間混練を行う工程1を行った。
<ポリカーボネート系ウレタン樹脂の合成>
温度計、窒素ガス導入管、攪拌器を備えた窒素置換された容器中で、1,6−ヘキサンジオールとメチルカーボネートとを反応して得られるポリカーボネートポリオール(数平均分子量2000)500質量部、2,2―ジメチロールプロピオン酸37.7質量部及びメチルエチルケトン 420質量部を加え、均一に混合した。次いで、トリレンジイソシアネート 92.4質量部を加えた後、ジブチル錫ジラウレート0.1質量部を加え、80℃で7時間反応させることによって、重量平均分子量が37000のポリウレタン(酸価25)の有機溶剤溶液を得た。
アクリル酸n−ブチル300質量部、メタクリル酸メチル50質量部、スチレン100質量部、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート5質量部、アクリル酸10質量部、グリシジルメタクリレート5質量部、水200質量部、及び非イオン性乳化剤(第一工業製薬株式会社製「ノイゲンEA−207D」、ポリオキシエチレンジスチレン化フェニルエーテル)5質量部を混合した後、ホモジナイザー(特殊機化工業株式会社製「TKホモディスパー」)を用いて乳化して単量体乳化物を調製した。
後述する表に記載の配合割合となるように、前記水性顔料分散体20質量部に、前記製造方法で得たバインダー樹脂と、界面活性剤、水溶性有機溶剤及び水の混合物を添加し、分散攪拌機(特殊機化工業(株)製のTKホモディスパー L)を用い十分攪拌することによって捺染剤を得た。
捺染剤の全量に対するバインダー樹脂(固形分)の含有量は、5質量%となるように調整した。
前記得られた捺染剤は、以下の項目を測定して評価を行った。
作製した捺染剤を1000倍に希釈し、マイクロトラックUPA−ST150(日機装社製)で測定を行った。測定値は3度測定した平均値を取った。
作製した捺染剤を10倍に希釈し、アキュサイザー780APS(インターナショナル・ビジネス社製)にて測定を行った。粗大粒子数は希釈前の捺染剤1ml当たりの粒子数に換算した。表中の粒子数には(×104個/ml)の単位を用いた。
上記の実施例及び比較例で得られた捺染剤を用いて、下記の方法により、布帛表面に印捺して、各種評価用布帛を得た。
オートスクリーン捺染機(辻井染機工業株式会社製)を用いてスクリーン印刷法により印字評価を行った。135メッシュのストライプ柄のスクリーンにて、各捺染剤をポリエステル/綿布帛に印捺後、120℃、2分間乾燥させ、150℃、2分間の加熱処理を行った。印捺物を目視した結果、いずれも良好な品質であった。
インクジェットプリンター(セイコーエプソン(株)製、MJ−510C)のインクカートリッジに充填し、印字した。各捺染剤をポリエステル/綿布帛に印捺後、120℃、2分間乾燥させ、150℃、2分間の加熱処理を行った。印捺物を目視した結果、白筋を目視で確認できなかったものを「良好」と評価し、白筋を確認できたものを「不良」と評価した。
インクジェット記録法で得た印捺物について、JIS L 0844:2005のA−4法に準拠して試験を繰り返し30回行った後、JIS L 0801:2004の変退色用グレースケールを用いた視感法の判定基準にしたがって、1級〜5級で等級を判定した。なお、等級は、1級が最も退色が大きく、5級に近づくほど退色が少ない。
インクジェット印刷により得た印捺物について、JIS L 0849:2004に準拠して、学振型摩擦堅牢度試験機を使用して、乾式及び湿式の試験を行った後、JIS L 0801:2004の変退色用グレースケールを用いた視感法の判定基準にしたがって、1級〜 5級で等級を判定した。なお、等級は、1級が最も退色が大きく、5級に近づくほど退色が少ない。
PG36は、「FASTOGEN Green 2YK−MJ」または「FASTOGEN Green 2YK−CF」であり、
PG7+PG36は、C.I.Pigment Green 7 90%以上とC.I.Pigment Green 36 1−5%の混合物であるDIC社製の「FASTOGEN Green S−K」であり、
PG58は、「FASTOGEN Green A110」である。
PR.254:C.I.Pigment Red254の略であり、「Irgagin Red L 3630」である。
Claims (7)
- ポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料またはジケトピロロピロール顔料と、水と、有機溶剤と、バインダー樹脂と、顔料分散剤として、アニオン性基を有し、水への溶解度が0.1g/100ml以下であり、且つ、前記アニオン性基の塩基性化合物による中和率を100%にしたときに水中で微粒子を形成する、数平均分子量が1000〜6000の範囲内であるポリマー(A)を含有することを特徴とする捺染剤。
- 前記ポリマー(A)の酸価が40〜400mgKOH/gの範囲である請求項1または2に記載の捺染剤。
- 前記ポリマー(A)がマイクロリアクターを用いたリビングアニオン重合体である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の捺染剤。
- 前記バインダー樹脂が、ウレタン樹脂またはアクリル樹脂である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の捺染剤。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の捺染剤によって印捺された布帛物。
- アニオン性基を有し、水への溶解度が0.1g/100ml以下であり、且つ、前記アニオン性基の塩基性化合物による中和率を100%にしたときに水中で微粒子を形成する、数平均分子量が1000〜6000の範囲内であるポリマー(A)と、塩基性化合物と、水溶性有機溶剤と、ポリハロゲン化金属フタロシアニン顔料またはジケトピロロピロール顔料とを含む分散物を得る工程、前記分散物と水とを混合して水性顔料分散体を得る工程、及び、前記水性顔料分散体と希釈溶媒とバインダー樹脂と添加剤とを混合する工程をこの順に有することを特徴とする捺染剤の製造方法。
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