JPWO2015025718A1 - 貼付剤 - Google Patents
貼付剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2015025718A1 JPWO2015025718A1 JP2015532799A JP2015532799A JPWO2015025718A1 JP WO2015025718 A1 JPWO2015025718 A1 JP WO2015025718A1 JP 2015532799 A JP2015532799 A JP 2015532799A JP 2015532799 A JP2015532799 A JP 2015532799A JP WO2015025718 A1 JPWO2015025718 A1 JP WO2015025718A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- sensitive adhesive
- acid
- patch
- cytisine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- ANJTVLIZGCUXLD-BDAKNGLRSA-N (-)-Cytisine Natural products C1NC[C@@H]2CN3C(=O)C=CC=C3[C@H]1C2 ANJTVLIZGCUXLD-BDAKNGLRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- ANJTVLIZGCUXLD-DTWKUNHWSA-N cytisine Chemical compound C1NC[C@H]2CN3C(=O)C=CC=C3[C@@H]1C2 ANJTVLIZGCUXLD-DTWKUNHWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229940027564 cytisine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229930017327 cytisine Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- ANJTVLIZGCUXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ent-cytisine Natural products C1NCC2CN3C(=O)C=CC=C3C1C2 ANJTVLIZGCUXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003655 absorption accelerator Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 231100000245 skin permeability Toxicity 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YLLIGHVCTUPGEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;ethanol;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].CCO YLLIGHVCTUPGEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005586 smoking cessation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940113120 dipropylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXTGDCSMTYGJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylazepan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CCCCCC1=O AXTGDCSMTYGJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVYLCBNXHHHPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl salicylate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O LVYLCBNXHHHPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHIZVZJETFVJMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)O BHIZVZJETFVJMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCC LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
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- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
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Abstract
Description
粘着剤組成物0.4gを測りとり、50mLの遠沈管に入れ、体積比1:1でトルエンとエタノールを混合した混液20mLを加え、溶解させた。次に、フェノールフタレイン指示薬0.5mLを指示薬として加え、0.05mol/L水酸化カリウムエタノール溶液を用いて滴定を行った。
貼付剤を粘着層が外側となるように溶出試験機の回転シリンダーに装着した。その後900mlのpH7.4のリン酸緩衝生理食塩水を入れた丸底フラスコを溶出試験機に装着し、温度を32℃に設定した。次に丸底フラスコの精製水中に回転シリンダーを浸漬し、速度50rpmで回転させた。その後、所定時間毎に溶出液10mlをサンプリングし、高速液体クロマトグラフ法により測定したシチシン放出量を貼付剤中シチシン含有量で除し、放出率を算出した。24時間後の放出率が「24hr水放出率(%)」である。
3cm2に打ち抜いた貼付剤を50mL容の遠沈管に入れ、これにテトラヒドロフラン10mLを加えて粘着剤組成物を溶解させた。これに体積比1:1の水/メタノール混合溶液を加えて50mlにメスアップした後、高速液体クロマトグラフ法でシチシン含量を測定した。
ヘアレスマウス胴体部皮膚を剥離し、脂肪を除去した。表皮側に貼付剤を貼付した後、真皮側がレセプター液に接するようにフロースルータイプの透過試験セルにセットした。レセプター溶液(pH7.4のリン酸緩衝生理食塩水)を透過試験セルに満たし、レセプター液が、32℃に保温されるように暖めた循環水を外周部に循環させ、およそ2.5mL/hrの流速でレセプター溶液を送液し、4時間ごとに24時間までサンプリングを行った。サンプリングしたレセプター液中のシチシン含有量を高速液体クロマトグラフ法により測定し、1時間あたりのシチシン皮膚透過率(C.A.(μg/cm2))を算出した。
混合機を用いて、予めシチシン、酢酸エチル(溶剤)を混合させた後、これに対して、水酸基含有アクリル系粘着剤Duro−TAK 87−2510(ヘンケル社製)溶液を添加混合し、粘着剤組成物溶液を得た。これを離型処理されたフィルム上に展延し溶剤を乾燥除去させて厚さ100μmの粘着層を形成し、その上に支持体を載せて、粘着層を圧着転写させることにより、貼付剤を得た。この貼付剤の粘着層は、粘着剤組成物全体の重量を基準としてシチシンを3重量%、粘着剤を97重量%含有する。
Duro−TAK 87−2510を、水酸基含有アクリル系粘着剤Duro−TAK 87−202A(ヘンケル社製)に代えた他は実施例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。
Duro−TAK 87−2510を、水酸基含有アクリル系粘着剤Duro−TAK 87−4287(ヘンケル社製)に代えた他は実施例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。
混合機を用いて、予めシチシン、トルエン(溶剤)を混合させた後、これに対して、別途調整しておいたスチレン−イソプレン−スチレンブロック共重合体であるSIS5002(JSR社製)、脂環族炭化水素樹脂、流動パラフィン及びトルエンの混合溶液を添加混合し、粘着剤組成物溶液を得た。これを離型処理されたフィルム上に展延し溶剤を乾燥除去させて厚さ100μmの粘着層を形成し、その上に支持体を載せて、粘着層を圧着転写させることにより、貼付剤を得た。この貼付剤の粘着層は、粘着剤組成物全体の重量を基準として、シチシンを3重量%、粘着剤を97重量%(SIS5002を28.5重量%、脂環族炭化水素樹脂を51.4重量%、流動パラフィンを17.1重量%)含有する。
Duro−TAK 87−2510を、水酸基及びカルボキシル基を有さないアクリル系粘着剤Duro−TAK 87−900A(ヘンケル社製)に代えた他は実施例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。
実施例4における粘着剤組成物溶液に、酸としてメタクリル酸コポリマーを添加したほかは、実施例4と同様にして貼付剤を得た。この貼付剤の粘着層は、粘着剤組成物全体の重量を基準として、シチシンを3重量%、粘着剤を94重量%(SIS5002を27.7重量%、脂環族炭化水素樹脂を49.8重量%、流動パラフィンを16.5重量%)、メタクリル酸コポリマーを3重量%含有する。
メタクリル酸コポリマーを、吉草酸に代えた他は比較例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。この貼付剤の粘着層は、メタクリル酸コポリマーの代わりに吉草酸を3重量%含有する。
メタクリル酸コポリマーを、安息香酸に代えた他は比較例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。この貼付剤の粘着層は、メタクリル酸コポリマーの代わりに安息香酸を3重量%含有する。
Duro−TAK 87−2510を、カルボキシル基含有アクリル系粘着剤Duro−TAK 387−2051(ヘンケル社製)に代えた他は実施例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。
Duro−TAK 87−2510を、カルボキシル基含有アクリル系粘着剤Duro−TAK 87−2194(ヘンケル社製)に代えた他は実施例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。
実施例4における粘着剤組成物溶液に有機酸であるポリアクリル酸(PAA)を添加した他は実施例4と同様に貼付剤を得た。
PAAを、有機酸であるアルギン酸に代えた他は実施例6と同様に貼付剤を得た。
PAAを、有機酸であるアスパラギン酸に代えた他は実施例6と同様に貼付剤を得た。
PAAを、有機酸であるグルタミン酸に代えた他は実施例6と同様に貼付剤を得た。
PAAを、有機酸の塩であるラウリン酸ナトリウムに代えた他は実施例6と同様に貼付剤を得た。
実施例1における粘着剤組成物溶液に吸収促進剤であるパルミチン酸イソプロピル(IPP)を添加した他は実施例1と同様に貼付剤を得た。
IPPを、吸収促進剤であるセバシン酸ジエチルに代えた他は実施例11と同様に貼付剤を得た。
IPPを、吸収促進剤であるオクチルドデカノールに代えた他は実施例11と同様に貼付剤を得た。
IPPを、吸収促進剤であるジプロピレングリコールに代えた他は実施例11と同様に貼付剤を得た。
IPPを、吸収促進剤であるトリアセチンに代えた他は実施例11と同様に貼付剤を得た。
IPPを、吸収促進剤であるプロピレングリコールモノラウレートに代えた他は実施例11と同様に貼付剤を得た。
IPPを、吸収促進剤であるジメチルスルホキシドに代えた他は実施例11と同様に貼付剤を得た。
Claims (6)
- 支持体と、該支持体の少なくとも片面上に配置された、薬物及び粘着剤を含有する粘着剤組成物からなる粘着層と、を備える貼付剤であって、
前記薬物は、シチシン又はその塩であり、前記粘着剤組成物は、酸価が10以下である、貼付剤。 - 前記粘着剤は、アクリル系粘着剤である、請求項1に記載の貼付剤。
- 前記粘着剤は、水酸基含有アクリル系粘着剤である、請求項1又は2に記載の貼付剤。
- 前記粘着剤は、ゴム系粘着剤である、請求項1に記載の貼付剤。
- 前記粘着剤組成物は、さらに有機酸又はその塩を含有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の貼付剤。
- 前記粘着剤組成物は、さらに吸収促進剤を含有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の貼付剤。
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ES2935204T3 (es) | 2016-08-19 | 2023-03-02 | Univ Bristol | Derivados de citisina para el tratamiento de la adicción |
CA3070055A1 (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-31 | Achieve Pharma Uk Limited | Cytisine salts |
KR20220074895A (ko) | 2019-09-12 | 2022-06-03 | 어치브 라이프 사이언시즈, 인크. | 필요로 하는 대상체의 중독 치료 및/또는 예방을 위한 시티신을 포함하는 조성물 |
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US4971079A (en) * | 1982-02-22 | 1990-11-20 | Talapin Vitaly I | Pharmaceutical preparation possessing antinicotine effect and method of producing same in a gum carrier |
JP2007031436A (ja) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-08 | Pfizer Prod Inc | バレニクリンのための経皮系 |
WO2009107476A1 (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | 久光製薬株式会社 | 貼付製剤 |
CN101428021B (zh) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-07-18 | 江苏中康药物科技有限公司 | 一种用于戒除烟瘾酒瘾的外用药物制剂 |
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- 2014-08-06 US US14/913,472 patent/US20160199315A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-08-06 WO PCT/JP2014/070770 patent/WO2015025718A1/ja active Application Filing
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US4971079A (en) * | 1982-02-22 | 1990-11-20 | Talapin Vitaly I | Pharmaceutical preparation possessing antinicotine effect and method of producing same in a gum carrier |
JP2007031436A (ja) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-08 | Pfizer Prod Inc | バレニクリンのための経皮系 |
CN101428021B (zh) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-07-18 | 江苏中康药物科技有限公司 | 一种用于戒除烟瘾酒瘾的外用药物制剂 |
WO2009107476A1 (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | 久光製薬株式会社 | 貼付製剤 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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WEST, R. ET AL.: "Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cystine for Smoking Cessation", N. ENGL. J. MED., vol. 365, no. 13, JPN6017046466, 29 September 2011 (2011-09-29), pages 1193 - 1200 * |
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