JPWO2013061421A1 - 内燃機関の制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 171
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100170991 Caenorhabditis elegans dpf-6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 44
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 17
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 11
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- UXKUODQYLDZXDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fulminic acid Chemical compound [O-][N+]#C UXKUODQYLDZXDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000126211 Hericium coralloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100537098 Mus musculus Alyref gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100269674 Mus musculus Alyref2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150095908 apex1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
[本実施の形態1のシステムの全体構成について]
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1のシステムの全体構成について説明するための図である。図1のシステムは車両等に搭載されて用いられる。図1に示すシステムにおいて、内燃機関2の排気経路4には、微粒子捕集用フィルタであるDPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)6が設置されている。DPF6は、排気ガスに含まれる粒子状物質である微粒子(PM;particulate matter)を捕集するフィルタである。
本実施の形態1において、制御装置16が行う制御には、下記のPM量の検出、PMセンサ14のリセット、DPF6の故障判定、及び、DPF6の再生、の制御が含まれる。
PM排出量の検出に際し、電極20、22間にPMを捕集するための高電圧である「捕集用電圧」が印加される。電極20、22間に捕集用電圧が印加されると、排気ガス中のPMが捕集され電極20、22間に堆積する。電極20、22間に堆積するPMが増加するにつれて、電極20、22間の導通箇所が増加し、電極20、22間の抵抗値が小さくなる。ここでは、PMセンサ14のセンサ出力として電極20、22間の抵抗と相関を有する電気的特性を検出する。電極20、22に堆積するPM量は、排気ガス中に含まれるPM量の変化に連動して変化するものと考える。従って、PMセンサ14の出力に応じて、排気ガス中のPM量が検出される。なお、以下の実施の形態では、便宜的に、センサ出力が電極20、22間のPM堆積量が増加するにつれて大きくなるものとして説明する。
PMセンサ14の出力は、電極20、22間へのPM堆積量が増加するにつれて増加する。しかし、電極20、22間への堆積量が限界値に達すると、PMセンサ14の出力は、もはやそれ以上の変化をしなくなる。この状態となると、PMセンサ14は、排気ガス中のPM量に応じた出力を発することができなくなる。従って、所定のタイミングで、素子部に堆積しているPMを一度除去する必要がある。このPMを除去する処理を「PMリセット」とも称する。
DPF6が故障すると、DPF6をすり抜けDPF6の下流に排出されるPM排出量が増加する。従って、DPF6が故障している場合、PMセンサ14の電極20、22間に堆積するPM堆積量は次第に増加し、センサ出力は大きくなる。従って、センサ出力に基づいて、DPF6の故障判定を行うことができる。
DPF6が排気ガス中のPMの捕集をし続けると、やがてDPF6に堆積したPMの量が限界に達し、それ以上PMを捕集できない状態となる。このような状態を避けるため、DPF6のPM堆積量がある程度となった段階で、PMを燃焼除去してDPF6の再生の処理を行う。
ところで、本実施の形態1にはSCRシステム8が配置されている。SCRシステム8では、噴射弁10から尿素水が排気経路4に噴出される。排気経路4内及びNOx触媒12において、次式(1)の熱分解反応と次式(2)の加水分解反応との結果、尿素水からアンモニア(NH3)が生成される。
CO(NH2)2→NH3+HCNO ・・・・(1)
HCNO+H2O→NH3+CO2 ・・・・(2)
NOx触媒12は、上記のように尿素水から生成されたアンモニアを還元剤としてNOxを還元し、排気ガスを浄化する。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態1において制御装置16が実行する制御のルーチンについて説明するためのフローチャートである。図4のルーチンは、内燃機関2の運転中、一定時間ごとに繰り返されるルーチンである。図4のルーチンでは、まず、現在、DPF6の故障検出が実行中であるか否かが確認される(S102)。ここで、DPF6の故障検出実行中とは、前回、図4のDPF6の故障判定終了後、更にPMリセットが実行された後、再びPMセンサ14に捕集用電圧が印加されてPM量の検出が行われている状態である。ステップS102において、DPF6の故障検出実行中であることが認められない場合、今回の処理は一旦終了する。
実施の形態2のシステムは、特にEGRシステムと、アクセル開度を電子制御可能な機能とを備える点を除き、図1のシステムと同様の構成を有している。実施の形態2のシステムにおいても、実施の形態1の場合と同様に、内燃機関2の特定の運転状態での積算時間tが基準使用時間t1より長くなった場合に、尿素関連物質を除去するべく、素子部の温度を第1温度域T1に昇温させる制御が実行される。但し、本実施の形態2においては、以下に説明する通り、素子部の温度を昇温させる処理を実行する環境等が制限される。
実施の形態3のシステム及びPMセンサは、図1、図2のPMセンサと同様の構成を有している。実施の形態3のシステムでは、実施の形態1又は2の、DPF6故障検出前のタイミングで行う素子部の昇温処理に加え、尿素関連物質中の、特に液体として存在する物質が付着しない状態を維持する処理を実行する。
4 排気経路
8 SCRシステム
10 噴射弁
12 NOx触媒
14 PMセンサ
16 制御装置
18 絶縁基材
20、22 電極
t1 基準使用時間(基準時間)
s1 基準加熱時間
Ref1 第1基準量
Ref2 第2基準量
T1 第1温度域
T2 第2温度域
T3 第3温度域
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気経路に配置されたSCRシステムの下流に配置された微粒子センサの出力に基づいて、前記排気経路内の、前記内燃機関の運転に由来する微粒子の量を検出する微粒子検出手段と、
前記微粒子センサの素子部の温度を制御する温度制御手段と、を備え、
前記温度制御手段は、
今回、前記微粒子センサによる微粒子量の検出を開始した後、前記SCRシステムの下流側に尿素関連物質が排出されやすい特定の運転状態で前記微粒子センサが使用された時間の積算値が、基準時間に達した場合に、
前記尿素関連物質が分解する温度より高く、かつ、前記微粒子が燃焼除去される温度より低い温度である第1温度域に、前記微粒子センサの素子部の温度を上昇させる制御を行う、
ことを特徴とする内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記排気経路の前記微粒子センサの上流には、前記微粒子を捕集するための微粒子捕集用フィルタが配置され、
前記素子部の温度が前記第1温度域に達するまでの間、前記微粒子捕集用フィルタに関する所定の制御を禁止する手段を、更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記排気経路の前記微粒子センサの上流には、排気ガス中の微粒子を捕集するための微粒子捕集用フィルタが配置され、
前記素子部の温度が前記第1温度域に達した後で、前記微粒子捕集用フィルタに関する所定の制御を開始する手段を、更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記所定の制御は、前記微粒子センサの出力に基づく、前記微粒子捕集用フィルタの故障の有無を判定する故障判定制御であることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記温度制御手段は、前記内燃機関が、排出する前記微粒子の量が基準量より少ない運転状態にある場合に、前記素子部の温度を上昇させる制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記内燃機関は、EGRシステムを備え、
前記内燃機関の運転中の負荷の変化が所定より大きい場合に、前記EGRシステムによる排気ガスの還流を停止する手段を、更に備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記内燃機関の運転中の負荷の変化が所定より大きい場合に、アクセル開度変化量を、通常の場合のアクセル開度の変化量より小さい所定の範囲内に制限する手段を、更に備えることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
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