JPWO2006114818A1 - Method and apparatus for supplying waste to gasification melting furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method of supplying waste so as to prevent the compression block from scattering and scattering when charging the waste into the melting furnace, and also to prevent backflow of CO which is a toxic gas. In the method of supplying waste to a furnace body in which the waste is heated and melted, the waste is compressed by a compression device so as to have a density of 2 to 20 times the density of the waste before compression. A compression block, and the compression block is supplied or dropped from a charging port provided in the furnace wall below the reforming section of the furnace body into the furnace so that the dropping distance in the furnace is 3 m or less. A method for supplying waste, which is characterized by supplying without waste.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for supplying waste to a melting furnace in a waste treatment facility for melting and gasifying the waste in a melting furnace, particularly a gasification melting furnace or a gasification melting reforming furnace.

  Currently, the shortage of waste disposal sites is becoming apparent, and most industrial waste or general waste is landfilled either as it is generated or after incineration and volume reduction after some pretreatment. The final disposal is often done. There are various methods for the incineration disposal mentioned above, but in recent years, management of harmful substances such as dioxins in the gas generated in the incinerator has become a problem, and it is possible to decompose harmful substances in a high temperature oxidizing atmosphere. There is a demand for a different processing method.

  As a waste treatment method capable of such high-temperature treatment, a waste gasification melting treatment method in which the waste is charged into a pyrolysis melting furnace, dried, preheated, pyrolyzed, burned, melted, and taken out as slag and metal. There is.

An example of the waste gasification and melting treatment method will be described with reference to FIG.
The gasification and reforming system shown in FIG. 1 is composed of the following processes.
1. Press/degas channel (1) Compress waste, (2) Dry/pyrolysis 2. High temperature reactor/homogenization furnace (3) Gasification and melting, (4) Slag homogenization, (5) Gas reforming 3. Gas refining (6) Quenching (quenching/acid cleaning, acid cleaning), (7) Gas refining (alkali cleaning, desulfurization, dehumidification)
4. Water treatment (8) Water treatment (precipitation, desalination, etc.)

The basic configuration of this method will be described below in accordance with the flow.
Wastes such as municipal wastes and industrial wastes accumulated in the pits are compressed by a pressing machine, then heated and dry-distilled by indirect heating in a dry pyrolysis process and sent to a high temperature reactor. A lance is arranged in the lower part of the high-temperature reaction furnace, and high-concentration oxygen is introduced into the furnace by this lance, and this oxygen gas gasifies carbon in the dry distillate to generate carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Further, since high-temperature steam is present, a water-gas reaction between carbon and steam occurs to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Furthermore, organic compounds (hydrocarbons, etc.) also react with water vapor to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
As a result of the above reaction, crude synthesis gas is recovered from the top of the high temperature reactor.

  On the other hand, the melt generated in the lower part of the high temperature reactor flows out of the high temperature reactor to the homogenization furnace. This melt contains carbon and a trace amount of heavy metals, and in the homogenization furnace, carbon is gasified with sufficient oxygen or steam to generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Since the metal melt has a large specific gravity in the homogenization furnace, it accumulates at the bottom of the slag. The melt flows down into a water granulation system where it is cooled and solidified and the metal-slag mixture is separated into metal and slag by magnetic separation.

  The crude synthesis gas generated from the high-temperature reaction furnace is rapidly cooled from about 1200° C. to about 70° C. by injecting acidic water with a quenching device to prevent re-synthesis of dioxins. At this time, the gas is washed with acidic water, and heavy metal components such as Pb contained in the crude synthesis gas and chlorine are dissolved during the washing.

  The acid-washed synthesis gas is further subjected to acid-washing, if necessary, and then alkali-washed to neutralize and remove the remaining acidic gas such as hydrogen chloride gas. Next, hydrogen sulfide in the gas is converted into sulfur by a desulfurization and cleaning device and recovered as a sulfur cake. Then, the synthesis gas is used as a purified fuel gas after the moisture is removed in a low temperature dehumidifying step.

FIG. 2 shows a known method for supplying waste to a gasification melting furnace.
In FIG. 2, 1 is a compression device that pressurizes and compresses waste in batches (2), 2 is a compression cylinder, 3 is a compression support plate, and 4 is waste obtained by the compression device 1 (hereinafter Tunnel type heating furnace for drying, pyrolyzing and carbonizing (compressed molded product), 4a is a drying region of the compressed molded product, 4b is thermal decomposition of the compressed molded product, a carbonization region, _4E is a tunnel type heating The inlet of the furnace 4, 5 is a high temperature reactor, 10a, 10i are compression molded products, 11 _i , 11 _n are carbonized compression molded products (hereinafter also referred to as carbonized products), 12 is a mixture of carbonized products and combustion residues, 13 is an oxygen-containing gas inlet, 14 is a melt, 14H is a melt outlet, 15 is a flammable gas and oxygen-containing gas inlet, 16 is an oxygen inlet, 20 is a waste inlet, 21 is The lid of the waste input port, 22 is the extrusion port of the carbonized product of the tunnel-type heating furnace 4 (: the inlet of the carbonized product into the high temperature reactor 5), and 23 is the exhaust gas discharged from the high temperature reactor 5. A quenching device (hereinafter also referred to as generated gas), 24 is a gas refining device, 25 is a gas outlet of the high temperature reactor 5, 26 is a refining gas, f ₁ is a moving direction of the compression molded products 10a and 10i, and f ₂ is carbonization. The moving directions of the products 11 _{i and} 11 _n , f ₃ is the flow direction of the pyrolysis gas generated in the tunnel heating furnace 4, f ₄ is the blowing direction of the oxygen-containing gas into the high temperature reactor 5, and f ₅ Is the moving direction of the compression cylinder 2, f ₆ is the moving direction of the compression support board 3, f ₇ is the rotating direction of the lid 21 of the waste input port 20, f ₈ is the blowing direction of flammable gas and oxygen-containing gas, f Reference numeral ₉ indicates the blowing direction of oxygen.

  In the waste treatment facility shown in FIG. 2, first, a predetermined amount of waste material supplied from the waste material inlet 20 into the compression device 1 is compressed batchwise (: batchwise) using the compression device 1 to achieve a tight compression. Compression molded product 10a. Next, the compression molded product 10a is pushed into an elongated tunnel heating furnace (hereinafter referred to as a tunnel heating furnace) 4 which is heated from the outside.

At this time, the water contained in the waste is squeezed out in the compression step described above and pushed into the tunnel heating furnace 4 together with the waste. Cross-sectional shape of the compression molded product 10a has an inner wall section having the same shape of the inlet 4 _E of the tunnel type heating furnace 4, the same size, the compression molded product 10a pushes the compression molded product 10a is in contact with the inner wall of the tunnel type heating furnace 4 Since it is pushed in while maintaining the state, the atmosphere inside the heating furnace can be sealed at the entrance of the tunnel heating furnace.

  The compression molded product 10i slides in the tunnel heating furnace 4 every time a new compression molded product is pushed in. The tunnel-type heating furnace 4 is heated from the outside as described above, and the inside is heated to about 600° C., and the compression-molded product 10i is dried, pyrolyzed and carbonized during the movement and temperature rising process of the compression-molded product 10i. To do.

  The carbonized product 11n and the gas component generated by thermal decomposition are charged and blown into the high temperature reactor 5 maintained at 1000° C. or higher. Then, the combustible material in the carbonized product containing the mineral content and the metal content is combusted by the oxygen-containing gas, thermally decomposed and gasified. In this case, by adjusting the amount of oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas, the generated gas discharged from the high temperature reactor 5 can be recovered as a fuel gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen (hereinafter also referred to as fuel gas).

  Further, the residue portion (: incombustible content) that is not gasified by combustion and thermal decomposition is melted in the high temperature reactor 5 to become a melt 14 composed of molten metal and molten slag, and melted under the high temperature reactor 5. It is collected from the substance discharge port 14H.

  However, in the above-mentioned conventional method, when the waste is charged into the high-temperature reaction furnace, the compression-molded product is scattered and a bridge is easily formed in the furnace, which causes a problem that an efficient treatment cannot be performed.

Various methods have been proposed for charging waste into a furnace.
In Patent Document 1, waste such as cut dust is pelletized, and dried and pyrolyzed in an upright furnace to thermally decompose a combustible portion of the waste into a fuel gas and collect the waste. A pellet forming apparatus for use in a method for recovering non-combustible parts as molten metal and slag, for maintaining the original shape of the pellets as they fall through the drying and pyrolysis zones of a furnace. A pellet forming device for obtaining sufficiently robust waste pellets is described.

In an actual device employing the above pellet forming device, the dust supply hole is located at a position of about 8000 mm from the bottom of the furnace, and the dust is alternately compressed by hydraulic pistons in a pipe with an inner diameter of 200 mmΦ×2 pipes. It is made into pellets and fed into the furnace.
However, waste that has moisture cannot be pelletized simply by compression, so the waste is not actually pelletized, and there is a large difference between the height of the dust supply hole and the layer height in the furnace. Even if it is compressed into pellets, it is crushed at the time of charging, dust is scattered in the furnace, and is entering the gas combustion chamber.

Patent Document 2 discloses a push-in charging device for charging waste into an incinerator, in which waste is stored above a pusher box having an extrusion port at the front end and a charging port at the front of the upper wall. A tank is provided, and the front part of the bottom wall of the storage tank is communicated with the input port, and the waste of the storage tank is put into the pushing machine box by moving a transfer plate provided there, and There is described a pushing-in device in which a throwing-in waste is pushed-in into an incinerator connected thereto through the extrusion port by a pushing plate provided in the pushing machine box.
However, in Patent Document 2, although there is a description about using this pushing-in device in an incinerator, there is no description about using it in a reducing heat treatment furnace, and waste is compressed by this pushing-in device. There is no description about being agglomerated.

  In Patent Documents 3 and 4, when supplying waste to a waste gasification and melting furnace, the waste introduced into a supply hopper is first compressed in one direction at the bottom of the hopper, and then this one stage is compressed. It is described that two-stage compression is performed in a direction orthogonal to the compression to form a block, and the block is supplied to the melting furnace.

  In Patent Document 5, in a waste treatment method in which waste is dried and pyrolyzed continuously, and then burned and melted, the water contained in the waste (the water content in general waste is 25 to 50%). ) Is entrained as steam during heat treatment/exhaust gas treatment, which is a heavy burden on the heat treatment system.Therefore, in the compression section of the pyrolysis furnace, undivided or The waste divided into large pieces was compressed batchwise while maintaining its mixed and complex structure to form a tight waste (tight pack), which was then heated to above 100°C. Introduce it into the channel so that it is in close contact with the inner wall of the channel, seal it so that water vapor and pyrolysis gas do not flow backward and leak from the waste inlet, and slide the tight pack by pressing force. , While keeping the frictional contact with the inner wall of the channel, dry the tight pack in the drying section, and water (steam) in the latter half of the drying section (the temperature of 120°C to 250°C) where thermal decomposition does not take place actively. It is described that the material is extracted, then thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition section, and then directly placed in a high temperature reactor to carry out combustion, gas reforming, and melting treatment.

Patent Document 6 discloses a waste supply device for supplying waste to a gasification and melting furnace, which includes a compression part including a screw and having an inner diameter gradually reduced toward a tip side part, and a tip of the compression part. There is described a waste supply device comprising a screw compression conveyor having a parallel portion formed in 1. and a sealing portion having an inner diameter that increases from the parallel portion toward the front end side and communicates with the furnace body.
However, the method described in Patent Document 6 is charging with a screw, and both compression of waste and charging of the compressed material are not performed at the same time.

  Patent Document 7 discloses a waste treatment facility for melting and gasifying waste, and a compression device for compressing the waste and a compression molded product obtained by the compression device are dried, pyrolyzed, and carbonized. A heating furnace and a high-temperature reactor for producing a melt and a fuel gas from a carbonized product obtained in the heating furnace are provided, and a plurality of the heating furnaces described above are provided for one of the high-temperature reactors. The waste treatment equipment described above is also described, and in [0006], the cross-sectional shape of the compression-molded product is the same as the cross-section of the inner wall of the entrance of the tunnel heating furnace, and the dimensions are the same, and the compression-molded product is pushed It is described that since the compression molded product is pushed while maintaining contact with the inner wall of the tunnel heating furnace, the atmosphere inside the heating furnace can be sealed at the entrance of the tunnel heating furnace.

  Patent Document 8 discloses a waste treatment method in which waste is melted and gasified, and a step of compressing the waste and drying the resulting compression molded product by heating, drying, pyrolyzing, and carbonizing. The method for treating wastes, which has a step of extracting the gas generated in step 1, and a step of heating the obtained carbonized product to generate a melt and a fuel gas, and a waste material having a low calorific value, which is previously dried to obtain a moisture content. Obtained by the step of compressing together with the waste having a high calorific value after removing a part or all of the above, the step of heating, drying, pyrolyzing and carbonizing the compression molded product obtained in the step. A waste treatment method is described which has a step of heating a carbonized product to generate a melt and a fuel gas, and the cross-sectional shape of a compression molded product is described in [0006] thereof. It has the same shape and size as the cross section of the inner wall of the inlet, and when the compression molded product is pushed in, the compression molded product is pushed while keeping contact with the inner wall of the tunnel heating furnace. It is described that it can be sealed.

  In Patent Document 9, liquid waste, powdery waste, or gaseous waste that is easily scattered is disposed in order to safely dispose of it without causing environmental problems without causing scattering around the waste treatment facility. The process of pressurizing and compressing the product batchwise, the process of charging the obtained compression molded product in a tunnel type heating furnace, drying, pyrolyzing and carbonizing, and the obtained carbonized product at high temperature. In a waste treatment method comprising the steps of charging into a reactor, burning, and melting incombustibles, in the high temperature reactor or in the tunnel heating furnace, the compression decomposition of the compression molded product, the carbonization region, liquid It is described that one or more kinds selected from wastes, powdery wastes and gaseous wastes are blown in for treatment, and in [0005] thereof, the cross-sectional shape of the compression molded product is It is described that the cross-section of the inner wall of the inlet of the channel has the same shape and the same size, and that when the compression molded product is pushed in, the compression molded product is pushed in while maintaining contact with the inner wall of the channel and is sealed at the channel inlet.

  Patent Document 10 discloses a waste treatment method in which a waste is compression-molded, dried, pyrolyzed, and carbonized, and the generated carbide is melted and gasified to obtain a fuel gas, in which properties such as moisture and ash are generally different. When waste is collected and processed, the degree of carbonization in the carbonization process is not sufficient due to fluctuations in the water content in the waste, or the amount of carbon used as fuel in the high temperature reactor is low. In such a case, there is a problem that the high temperature reactor does not have enough heat to melt the residual components such as minerals and metals in the carbonized product, making stable operation impossible. In view of this, the waste having a weight ratio of the ash content and the fixed carbon content that is equal to or less than a certain value is supplied to the waste compression step, or two or more types of waste are combined to obtain It is described that the waste adjusted so that the weight ratio of ash to fixed carbon is below a certain value is supplied to the waste compression step, and [0006] describes that compression The cross-sectional shape of the molded product is the same shape and the same size as the cross-section of the inner wall of the entrance of the tunnel heating furnace, and when the compression molded product 1 is pushed in, the compression molded product is pushed while maintaining contact with the inner wall of the tunnel heating furnace. Therefore, it is described that the atmosphere in the heating furnace can be sealed at the entrance of the tunnel heating furnace.

  Patent Document 11 discloses various types of waste in a waste treatment method in which waste is compression-molded, the compression-molded product is dried, pyrolyzed, carbonized, the obtained carbonized product is burned, and ash is melted. When the waste gas is sequentially processed, the ambient temperature in the high-temperature reactor changes depending on the type of waste that arrives, and it is necessary to change the amount of fuel gas supplied and the amount of waste processed accordingly. In view of the problem that the problems of increasing gas usage and reducing waste treatment cannot be avoided, do not use extra fuel for heat compensation, and also reduce waste treatment. In order to enable stable burning of waste and melting of ash, the waste to be compression-molded is a mixture of multiple types of waste with different water contents, and drying and heat It is described that the mixing ratio of a plurality of kinds of wastes having different water contents is controlled so that the temperature of the compression molded product in the process of decomposing and carbonizing is within a predetermined range. The cross-sectional shape of the compression-molded product is the same shape and size as the cross-section of the inner wall of the entrance of the tunnel-type heating furnace. It is described that the atmosphere in the heating furnace can be sealed at the entrance of the tunnel-type heating furnace because it is pushed in as it is.

  In Patent Document 12, a waste containing plastic is compressed, the obtained compressed waste is carbonized and carbonized in a carbonization furnace, and the carbonized carbon obtained is coexisted in an oxygen-containing gas in a high temperature reactor. In the waste treatment method of partial oxidation and gasification, the compression molded product is pushed into an elongated tunnel heating furnace heated from the outside, but the cross-sectional shape of the compression molding is the heating zone of the tunnel heating furnace. The shape and size are the same as the cross section of the inner wall of the inlet of the, and when the compression molded product is pushed in, the compression molded product is pushed in keeping the state of contact with the inner wall of the tunnel type heating furnace. Gas can be sealed, but when the heating temperature in the tunnel heating furnace is raised, the plastic in the compression molded product softens, melts, or thermally decomposes into powder, sliding in the tunnel heating furnace. During the movement, the softened material or powder blocks the gap through which the gas flows, blocking the inflow of gas into the high temperature reactor from the vicinity of the high temperature reactor entrance side of the tunnel heating furnace. The pressure rises, and at some point this pressure causes the carbonization and carbide near the inlet side of the high temperature reactor to be suddenly pushed into the high temperature reactor, and as a result, a large amount of gas is temporarily blown into the high temperature reactor, The residence time of the gas generated in the tunnel type heating furnace in the high temperature reactor is not secured enough, the gas is discharged without being decomposed sufficiently in the high temperature reactor, and the gas contains dioxins and carbon sludge. There is a possibility that problems such as increase in amount may occur, and in order to solve this problem, it is described that the temperature in the carbonization/carbonization process is controlled according to the content of plastic in the waste. There is.

  In Patent Document 13, an apparatus for treating waste in a gasification and melting furnace is operated with a negative pressure inside the furnace, and a charging device for charging the waste into the gasification and melting furnace is equipped with a hopper. In order to prevent excessive air from entering the furnace, a mechanical partitioning means such as a combination of pushers and dampers, rotary valves, etc. is provided, and gas sealing is performed by these partitioning means and the layer thickness of the waste itself. However, when the gasification and melting furnace is operated at a positive pressure, there is a gap between the partitioning means such as dampers and rotary valves and the layer thickness of the waste itself. There was a case where it leaked to the opening of the hopper of the apparatus, and in order to solve this problem, when the waste was supplied to the main body of the gasification melting furnace through the charging device equipped with the hopper and the pusher, the charging The steam evaporated from the waste is cooled and condensed between the outlet of the equipment and the body of the gasification and melting furnace, and the condensate fills the gap between the wastes to prevent gas leakage from the waste injection equipment of the gasification and melting furnace. It is described to prevent.

  In Patent Document 14, in a waste melting furnace for gasifying and melting waste, the waste in a waste input hopper provided for supplying the waste to the melting furnace is treated as a waste input hopper. The waste extruder provided at the bottom of the-compresses the waste when it is extruded into the melting furnace to improve the sealing property. In the case of waste that does not contain, before it is compressed and supplied to the melting furnace, it returns to its original state and a gap is created between adjacent waste pieces, and the gas in the furnace spouts from that portion, On the contrary, since the air outside the furnace is sucked in, there is a problem in the sealing property, and in order to solve this problem, the waste supply device is provided with a waste input hopper and the waste input hopper. -Comprising a waste compression device provided at the bottom and a humidification device for humidifying the compressed waste, and the waste compression device is provided between the bottom of the waste input hopper and the humidification device. Gate, a waste extruder that pushes out and compresses waste toward the gate, and scraps the waste charged at the bottom of the waste input hopper from both sides of the input hopper, It is described that a means for pressing the waste from above is provided when the waste is extruded by the waste extruder.

In Patent Document 15, when a waste is gasified and melted, an undivided product or a processed product divided into large pieces accompanied by a liquid portion is compressed in a batch manner while maintaining the mixed and combined structure. To form a tight pack, and by introducing the pack into the channel heated to 100° C. or higher while applying pressure, the liquid existing at the beginning evaporates and each processed product component has The forced packing contact with the channel walls while sliding the tight pack until the mechanical resilience is removed and the accompanying organic components have at least a partial binding function, and It is described that the solid aggregate of (1) is extruded from the channel while being maintained in a shape and structurally stable state and introduced into a high temperature reactor whose total volume is kept at 1000°C or higher.
In Patent Documents 3 to 15 above, there is no suggestion as to how to prevent the waste from being dispersed when the waste is compression-molded and charged into the furnace. The relationship with the high level of the is not described.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 52-124776 JP-A-54-123271 JP, 9-89230, A JP, 9-89231, A JP-A-2000-93917 JP, 2003-185113, A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-270823 JP-A-11-270824 JP, 11-281032, A JP, 11-316007, A JP, 11-337037, A JP 2001-115165 A JP 2004-3823 A JP, 2004-11954, A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-79252

  The present invention prevents compressed waste (hereinafter referred to as “compression block”) from scattering and scattering when charging waste into a gasification and melting furnace, and CO, which is a toxic gas, flows backward. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for supplying waste that is designed to prevent

The present inventors have completed the present invention by finding that, when charging the waste to the gasification and melting furnace, the compression block disperses when the distance of fall of the compression block in the furnace is large.
That is, the present invention is as follows.

(1) In the method of supplying waste to the furnace body in which the waste is heated and melted, the density of the waste is adjusted to 2 to 20 times the density of the waste before compression by the compression device. A compressed compression block, and the compression block is fed into the furnace through a charging port provided in the furnace wall below the reforming section of the furnace body so that the dropping distance in the furnace is 3 m or less, or , A method of supplying waste, which is characterized by supplying without dropping.
(2) In the above (1), the height level of waste in the furnace is measured and/or calculated, and the supply of waste is controlled so that the fall distance in the furnace is 3 m or less. Method of supplying waste as described.
(3) Calculate the bed height level by confirming with pusher pressure that the bed height level of the waste material in the furnace is higher than at least partially covering the charging port, and then the waste material in the furnace The method of supplying waste according to (1) above, wherein the method supplies the waste without dropping it.
(4) The method for supplying waste according to any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein the highest level of the bed height level of the waste in the furnace is 6 m or less from the bottom of the furnace.
(5) The above-mentioned (1) to () which are characterized in that the compressed material is charged when a predetermined time has elapsed and a predetermined layer level has not been detected after a time calculated by dividing the amount of the compressed material by the set processing speed. The method of supplying waste according to any one of 4).

(6) An electromagnetic wave transmitter and a receiver are installed on the side wall of the furnace body, and the presence or absence of the furnace interior contents is judged from the strength of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the furnace to determine the level of waste layer. The method for supplying waste according to any one of the above (1) to (5), characterized by measuring.
(7) From the intensity of the electromagnetic wave signal that passes through the furnace, the level of the waste layer is measured by determining the presence or absence of the contents inside the furnace, and the measurement level position is 3 m below the charging level. The waste supply method according to any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein the waste is provided at a level.
(8) The method of supplying waste according to the above (6) or (7), wherein the transmitter and the receiver are arranged to face the side wall of the furnace body.
(9) The method of supplying waste according to (6) or (7) above, wherein a transmitter/receiver in which a transmitter and a receiver are integrated is used as the transmitter and the receiver.
apparatus.
(10) An electromagnetic wave waveguide also serving as a burner gas introduction pipe is provided on the side wall of the furnace body, and an electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver are connected to the waveguide, and the electromagnetic wave is transmitted and received by the waveguide. In addition, the introduction of burner gas through the waveguide and the burner flame are used to prevent foreign matter from being mixed and deposited in the waveguide. (6) to (9) The method of supplying waste according to any of the above.

(11) A plug having a function of transmitting electromagnetic waves but blocking gas is inserted between the burner gas inlet of the waveguide and the electromagnetic wave transmitter or receiver so that the burner gas is an electromagnetic wave transmitter or receiver. The method for supplying waste according to (10) above, characterized in that the waste is prevented from entering the inside.
(12) The size of the compression block of the waste is such that the height is 0.1 m or more and 1 m or less and the width is 0.1 m or more and less than the inner diameter of the furnace (1). ~ (Waste supply method according to any one of 11.
(13) The water content of the compression block is adjusted by adding at least one of waste sewage, process waste water, and water during the production of the compression block or before the production of the compression block and before the supply to the furnace. The method of supplying waste according to any one of (1) to (12) above, characterized in that
(14) The compression block is supplied into the furnace after passing through a tunnel zone for receiving radiant heat in the furnace of 0.3 m or more and 5 m or less before being supplied to the furnace. ~ The method of supplying waste according to any one of (13).
(15) The method for supplying waste according to the above (14), wherein the tunnel zone for receiving the radiant heat is inclined downward at the outlet inside the furnace.
(16) The method for supplying waste according to the above (14) or (15), wherein the tunnel zone for receiving the radiant heat is expanded so as to easily receive the radiant heat before the outlet inside the furnace.

(17) The device for supplying waste includes at least a compression device for compressing the waste and a supply hopper that is disposed above the compression device and supplies the waste to the compression device. The method for supplying waste according to any one of 1) to (16).
(18) A pusher for dropping wastes from the supply hopper into the compression device is provided between the compression device and a supply hopper arranged above the compression device. (19) An exhaust pipe is provided between the compression device or the compression device and the supply hopper, and the monoxide accumulated between the compression device and the supply hopper by the exhaust pipe. The method of supplying waste according to (17) or (18) above, wherein the gas containing carbon is exhausted.
(20) Any one of the above (17) to (19), wherein the compressor and the supply hopper are partitioned by a double damper to prevent a backflow of a gas containing carbon monoxide in the furnace. Waste supply method described in

(21) Between the compression device and the furnace, the upper surface and the left and right surfaces have a taper that spreads in the charging direction of the waste provided on the furnace wall, so that the waste does not adhere to the inner wall. The method of supplying waste according to any one of (1) to (20) above, wherein the compression furnace is heated by providing the tunnel furnace.
(22) The method of supplying waste according to the above (21), wherein the reverse flow of the gas containing carbon monoxide in the furnace is prevented by introducing water vapor into the tunnel furnace.
(23) The method for supplying waste according to any one of (1) to (22), wherein the melting furnace is a waste gasification melting furnace or a gasification melting reforming furnace.
(24) A waste supply device for charging waste into a melting furnace, which is a compression block in which waste is compressed to a density of 2 to 20 times the density of the waste before compression. For compressing, a supply hopper disposed above the compression device for supplying waste to the compression device, a pipeline for supplying a compression block compressed by the compression device to a high temperature heating furnace, and a waste in the furnace. A means for measuring and/or calculating the bed height level of the material, and controlling the supply amount of the waste so that the fall distance of the compression block in the furnace is 3 m or less. Supply device.

(25) The waste supply device according to the above (24), further comprising a pusher provided between the compression device and the supply hopper for dropping waste from the supply hopper into the compression device.
(26) The means for controlling the supply amount of the waste includes a means for detecting the level of the deposition surface of the waste in the melting furnace by measuring the attenuation of microwaves. 24) or the waste supply device according to (25).
(27) A heat melting treatment apparatus for waste, comprising the waste supply apparatus according to any one of (24) to (26) as an apparatus for supplying waste to a melting furnace.
(28) The heat melting treatment apparatus for waste according to (27), wherein the melting furnace is a gasification melting furnace or a gasification melting reforming furnace.

  According to the waste supply method of the present invention, when the compressed waste block is charged into the furnace, the layer height level of the waste in the furnace is adjusted and charged, so that the compressed product is uncompressed. The effect of being less likely to be crushed can be achieved. Further, after the compression, the surface of the compressed material is heat-treated by heating with radiant heat or the like, so that the crushing of the compressed material at the time of charging the furnace is further prevented.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the waste processing process by a gasification reforming system. FIG. 3 shows a conventional method for supplying waste to a gasification melting furnace. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a compression density and the amount of dust generation when a compression block is dropped by changing a fall distance. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the detail of the supply hopper and pusher in this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the measuring method of the layer high level used in this invention. It is a figure which shows the measuring method of the layer high level used in this invention. It is a figure which shows the measuring method of the layer high level used in this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Compressor for pressurizing and compressing waste in batches 2 Cylinder for compression 3 Compression support board 4 Tunnel heating furnace 4a for drying, thermal decomposition and carbonization of compressed waste (: compression block) 4a Compression block 4b Drying zone 4b Pyrolysis of compressed block, carbonization zone 4E Inlet of tunnel heating furnace 5 High temperature reactors 10a, 10i Compression block 11i, 11n Carbonized compression block (: carbonization product)
12 Mixture of carbonization product and combustion residue 13 Blow-in port for oxygen-containing gas 14 Melt 14H Melt outlet 15 Blow-in port for oxygen-containing gas and flammable gas 20 Waste input port 21 Waste input port 22 Tunnel type Extrusion port of carbonized products of heating furnace (: Charging port of carbonized products into high temperature reactor)
23 Quenching device for generated gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the high temperature reactor 24 Gas refining device 25 Gas outlet of high temperature reactor 26 Purified gas 31 Furnace body 32 Refractory material 33 Furnace body casing (iron skin)
34 Measuring Seat 35 Measuring Nozzle 36 Electromagnetic Wave Transmitter 37 Electromagnetic Wave Receiver 41 Microwave Transmitter 42 Waveguide 43 Waveguide Guide Pipe 44 Water Cooling Pipe 45 Gas Seal Mechanism 46 Ball Valve 47 Reactor Brick 48 Iron Skin 49 Heat Insulation Brick 50 Waveguide slag removal position 51 Measurement position 60 Compressor 61 Supply hopper 62 Pusher 63 Waste pit 64 Waste crane 65 Cooling zone 66 Tunnel furnace 67 Electric heater 70 Melting furnace f ₁ Moving direction of compression block f ₂ Carbide product Moving direction f ₃ Flow direction of pyrolysis gas generated in tunnel heating furnace f ₄ Direction of blowing oxygen-containing gas into high temperature reactor f ₅ Moving direction of compression cylinder f ₆ Moving direction of compression support plate f ₇ Direction of rotation of lid of waste input port f ₈ Direction of blowing oxygen-containing gas and combustible gas into high temperature reactor f ₉ Direction of blowing oxygen

  In the present invention, the density of the waste is made to be not less than 2 times and not more than 20 times the density before compression by using a compression device. By compressing the waste into blocks, it is possible to prevent the waste from scattering to the upper part. If not compressed into blocks, waste, especially in paper form, is likely to be entrained by gas in the furnace top. In addition, the flowability of gas in the lower part of the furnace can be secured, and uneven flow and blow-through can be prevented. In particular, when the melting furnace is a gasification reforming furnace, if solid waste materials are scattered in the reforming furnace, there is a high possibility that the gas reforming cannot be sufficiently performed, and the unreformed fuel is likely to be transferred.

In the present invention, a compression block of waste is supplied from a charging port provided in the furnace wall below the reforming section of the furnace body into the furnace so that the dropping distance in the furnace is 3 m or less, or By supplying without dropping, waste scattering is prevented in the furnace.
Specifically, the following (1) or (2) is performed.
(1) Scattering is prevented by adjusting the packed bed level so that the packed bed level in the furnace does not exceed 3 m from the inlet of the furnace wall. Here, the fall distance refers to the vertical distance between the lower end of the waste and the position of the waste charging surface immediately before the waste falls into the furnace.
(2) Scattering is prevented by adjusting the packed bed level so that a part of the packed bed level in the furnace is above the bottom of the charging port.
By controlling the density and fall distance as described above, the waste material can maintain its compressed shape even when it enters the furnace interior, which not only reduces the formation of bridges, but also reduces the deviation and blow-through. Is less.
The packed bed level can be detected as follows.
a. The packed bed level is directly detected by a level meter using microwaves or the like.
b. The packed bed level is detected by the pusher pressure during insertion into the furnace.
c. The packed bed level is calculated.

The grounds for compressing the waste to make the density of the waste 2 times or more and 20 times or less before compression and the fall distance in the furnace to be 3 m or less, more preferably 1 m or less are as follows. .
FIG. 3 shows the test results of measuring the amount of dust generated when the waste gas was operated by changing the compression density and the falling distance of the waste using a gasification and reforming furnace of 150 t/d scale. Waste used in operation 51% moisture, it combustibles 42%, 7% ash, lower calorific value 9.2MJ / kg, general waste of bulk density 150~300kg / ^{m 3} and a bulk density 10~150kg / ^{m 3} A mixture of industrial wastes such as waste plastics, ASR (Auto shredder Residual), etc. having a mixing ratio of industrial waste of 0 to 60% was used. In the test, the pressing pressure of the pressing machine was 10 to 100 kg/cm ² (0.98 to 9.8 MPa).
Here, the compression density is a value obtained by dividing the length in the compression direction of waste before compression by the length in the compression direction after compression. The drop distance is the vertical distance between the lower end of the waste and the position of the waste charging surface immediately before the waste falls into the furnace. The non-dimensional dust amount is a value obtained by making the dust generation amount non-dimensional by the maximum dust amount allowable in operation.
Although the maximum amount of dust that can be tolerated in operation varies depending on the purpose and the dust recovery device, it is desirable that it is 5% or less of the waste to be treated.

From FIG. 3, the dimensionless dust amount becomes 1 or less when the compression density is 2 times or more and when the fall distance is 3 m or less. The effect was saturated when the compression density was 20 times or more.
From the above results, in the present invention, the compression of the waste is 2 times or more and 20 times or less in terms of density, and the dropping distance in the furnace is 3 m or less.
Further, when the fall distance is 1 m or less, the dimensionless dust amount is 0.5 or less, and the dust amount reducing effect is further large. Therefore, the fall distance is more preferably 1 m or less.
In addition, since the formation of bridges often occurs due to fusion of waste materials, it is necessary to raise the surface temperature of the compression block in advance to prevent fusion of the compression materials due to phenomena such as carbonization of the surface. Preferably.

The method for compressing the waste is preferably batch compression by an extrusion method.
When a continuous compression device such as screw compression is used, the size of the compression block is small and the strength of the compression block is weak. In order to increase the size of the compressed block, the batch type compression method is preferable. In addition, in order to charge into the melting furnace while maintaining the compressed form, it is preferable to directly extrude and charge. Since the compression direction and the extrusion direction are the same, the gas sealing property of the compression block is improved.

The size of the compressed block is preferably 0.1 m or more and 1 m or less in height, 0.1 m or more in width, preferably 0.3 m or more and not more than the width in the furnace, and the length is preferably 0.1 to 1 m.
The compressed shape does not have to be rectangular, but if it is increased in order to increase the processing capacity, it is preferably flat. Further, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of air permeability that the lumps become too large when charged into the melting furnace.

  If the size of the compressed block is less than 0.1 m in height, the dust scattering rate increases. Further, if the height of the compressed block exceeds 1 m, the upper part of the compressed block is crushed at the time of charging. If the width of the compressed block is less than 0.1 m, the dust scattering rate will be high. Unlike the height, the width is more preferably 0.3 m or more because there is little problem of crushing due to dropping at the time of charging. If the width of the compression block is larger than the inner diameter of the furnace, the compression block will be crushed during charging.

  The compression block is preferably moved at an inclination so as to maintain its shape as much as possible before being charged into the furnace. Further, it is preferable that the level difference between the bed height in the furnace and the compression block is small. The level may be measured continuously or intermittently over the charging time interval, but it is also possible to calculate the level by calculation. For the calculation of the level, for example, the accumulated amount calculated by total charging amount (waste + gas amount)-generated amount (generated gas amount, generated water amount, generated melt amount), etc. Alternatively, a method of obtaining the level deviation from

The compression block is preferably charged into the heating furnace by providing a charging port in the furnace wall portion between the upper portion of the deposited layer in the furnace and the reforming portion of the furnace. This is because when dropped from the upper part of the furnace, the fall distance becomes large, and the lumps formed by compression are easily broken when dropped.
It is preferable that the highest point of the height level of waste in the furnace is 6 m or less from the bottom of the furnace. This is because a bridge (shelf suspension) is likely to occur when the height of the floor is high. When the bed height is low, the gas is melted and gasified in a short time, so that the unevenness is small, and the packed bed pressure is low and the crushing is small and the unevenness is small.

  FIG. 4 shows an example in which the compression block of waste is prevented from falling in the furnace. As shown in Fig. 4, in the tunnel type heating furnace, the bottom surface of the furnace is inclined downward toward the waste charging side of the furnace, and a part of the packed bed level in the furnace is above the bottom of the charging furnace. Since the packed bed level is adjusted so that, the compressed block is supplied into the furnace without dropping.

  Moreover, when the highest point of the bed height level in the steady state of the waste in the furnace exceeds 6 m from the bottom of the furnace, it is not easy for the unsteady state reaching the level control position in the furnace to return to the steady state. .. Furthermore, if the sedimentary layer becomes higher, the portion of high pressure loss due to carbonization and molten waste will become longer, which will cause waste drop abnormalities (suspending) and blow-throughs, which will eventually lead to collapse of the compression block and increase of dust scattering. Connect

A specific example of a waste material supply device for carrying out the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
What is shown in FIG. 5 is composed of a compression device 60 and a supply hopper 61 arranged on the upper part of the compression device 60. The compressor 60 and the melting furnace 70 are connected via a cooling zone. A pusher 62 is preferably provided between the compression device 60 and the supply hopper 61. The waste is loaded from the waste pit 63 into the supply hopper 61 by the waste crane 64, then introduced into the compression device 60 by the pusher 62, compressed, and agglomerated into a compression block. A cooling zone 65 is provided in a pipe line between the compression device 60 and the melting furnace 70.

FIG. 6 shows details of the supply hopper 61 and the pusher 62.
The combination of the supply hopper 61 and the pusher 62 also improves the gas sealing property, and further, it becomes possible to maintain the supply amount of 60 by the compression device at a constant amount, so that the size of the compression block becomes constant. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce variations in the sealing property.
7 is an example in which a tunnel furnace (tunnel zone: heating zone) 66 is provided between the compression device 60 and the melting furnace 70, and the tunnel furnace 66 is heated by hot air.

In the present invention, it is not always necessary to preheat between the compression device and the melting furnace, but preheating is preferable for the reason described below.
That is, in order to make the air permeability and movement in the melting furnace smooth, it is preferable to maintain the lump shape. The formation of bridges by waste often occurs when the wastes are fused together, but if the compression block is subjected to heat treatment at 800°C or lower in a compressed state before being put into the melting furnace, the outside of the lump solidifies. Then, it becomes easy to maintain the lump shape in the melting furnace, and it is possible to prevent fusion between the compression blocks. In particular, for film-like materials such as paper and plastic, if they are not in the form of lumps, they will scatter in a film-like form in the melting furnace, causing clogging of the transfer pipe due to generated gas or clogging in the cooling device. Lead to The one shown in FIG. 7 is one in which the compression block is heated in a tunnel furnace provided with an inlet and an outlet for hot air. The length of the heating zone is preferably larger than the thickness of the compressed product, and is preferably 0.3 m or more and 5 m or less.

  The tunnel furnace may be formed so as to be inclined downward at the inside of the furnace. By declining, it is possible to prevent the crushing of the compressed lumps due to the dropping at the time of charging. Further, by making the slope downward, a void is opened in the upper part of the compressed lump, and it becomes easy to receive radiant heat, and the gas generated by drying or thermal decomposition also easily flows.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b), by forming a taper that spreads in the outlet direction on the upper surface and the left and right surfaces of the tunnel furnace 66 so that the compression block does not adhere to the inner wall of the tunnel furnace, Voids are vacant above and on the left and right of the compression block, which makes it easier to receive radiant heat, and facilitates the flow of gas generated by drying or thermal decomposition.
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, by making the shape of the furnace interior inlet of the melting furnace 70 tapered, the compression block is likely to receive radiant heat, and the gas generated by drying or thermal decomposition also easily flows. be able to.

  The heating of the compression block can be performed by indirect heating instead of direct heating such as in a tunnel furnace. However, in the method of indirectly heating with hot air, the hot air generating device, the heating gas circulating device and the device become complicated, so as the method of indirect heating, heating with an electric heater or heating with a liquid heat medium is preferable. FIG. 10 shows an example of heating using the electric heater 67.

Toxic gas such as CO is generated in the tunnel furnace and the melting furnace, but it is necessary to prevent the generated CO from flowing back to the supply hopper in order to prevent an accident due to this toxic gas.
There are the following methods for preventing the back flow of CO.

(1) (When it is composed of a compression device and a supply hopper) An exhaust pipe is provided between the compression device or the compression device and the supply hopper to exhaust harmful gas and send it to a combustion line or the like to ensure safety. It becomes possible to operate it.
FIG. 11A shows an example in which natural exhaust is used, and FIG. 11B shows an example in which an exhaust fan is provided in the exhaust pipe to perform forced exhaust. Further, FIG. 7C shows an example in which an exhaust pipe is connected to a deodorizing exhaust line to suck and exhaust.

(2) A double damper is provided between the compression device and the supply hopper. By supplying the gas between the double seals to the combustion line or the like, it becomes possible to operate safely.
FIG. 12 shows an example in which a double damper is provided between the compression device 60 and the pusher 62.

(3) Add water (one or more of waste sewage, process wastewater, and water) to adjust the water content. The gas is sealed by the compression block, but the dry compression block has a void through which the gas flows, so the sealing is not sufficient. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent the gas flow by adding water and allowing water to exist in the voids of the compression block.

(4) Introduce steam into the tunnel furnace from the compressor to the inside of the furnace.
By charging steam into the tunnel furnace from the compressor to the furnace, and then cooling it between the compressor and steam inlet, the steam condenses as water in the compression block, and gas permeability is improved. Can be suppressed.
A specific method for adding steam is shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the tunnel furnace, and means for supplying steam is arranged on the tapered ceiling surface of the tunnel furnace. The steam supply means is composed of a steam supply header and a steam addition nozzle branched from the steam supply header.

FIG. 14 shows an example in which an exhaust pipe is provided between the compression device 60 and the supply hopper 61.
FIG. 15 shows an example in which water or steam is added to the conduit between the compression device 60 and the melting furnace 70, and an exhaust pipe is provided between the compression device 60 and the supply hopper 61.
FIG. 16 shows an example in which an exhaust pipe is provided between the compression device 60 and the supply hopper 61, and a double damper is provided between the compression device 60 and the pusher 62.
In FIG. 17, water or steam is added to the pipeline between the compression device 60 and the melting furnace 70, and an exhaust pipe is provided between the compression device 60 and the supply hopper 61, and further the compression device 60 and the pusher 62 are provided. An example in which a double damper is provided between the two is shown.

  In the prior art (see Patent Documents 7 to 9 and the like), it is necessary to bring the compression block into close contact with the tunnel furnace inner wall in order to prevent backflow of the toxic gas, but in the present invention, the compression block and the tunnel furnace inner wall are in contact with each other. The close contact is not always necessary. By combining the above-described backflow prevention methods, the backflow of gas can be prevented even if the lump does not adhere to the inner wall of the tunnel furnace.

In the present invention, as described above, it is necessary to set the fall distance of the waste in the furnace to 3 m or less.
For this reason, the layer height level of the accumulated layer of waste in the furnace is detected using a level sensor, and the prescribed layer height level is reached after a predetermined time has elapsed after the time calculated by dividing the amount of compressed material by the set processing speed. If no is detected, the compressed block is pushed out and the charging amount is controlled.
Also, when the level sensor is not installed, whether or not the level is high to be managed is calculated and the same control is performed. For the calculation of the level, for example, the accumulated amount calculated by total charging amount (waste + gas amount)-generated amount (generated gas amount, generated water amount, generated melt amount), etc. Alternatively, the method of obtaining the level deviation from

  Since it is preferable to make the gas generation amount uniform, it is also preferable to make the charging rate uniform. For this reason, it is preferable that the lump of waste is charged into the melting furnace in a stepwise manner through the insertion port. When a plurality of waste agglomerates are charged at one time, the amount of generated gas fluctuates greatly.

A method for making the charging speed uniform will be described.
When the level sensor that detects the layer height management level (hereinafter referred to as SL) of the deposited layer is used to detect that the layer height level becomes SL or less (hereinafter referred to as SL detection), the SL detection state is set. An example of a method for uniformizing the charging rate in the layer high level management method, which is basically based on performing charging once or a plurality of times until it disappears, will be described.
If the set waste treatment amount W (kg/s) and the waste amount w (kg/time) for one press are used, the average charging interval t (sec/time) is defined by a value obtained by dividing w by W. When the elapsed time from the previous charging is T (sec), the next charging timing is T=a ₁ t to a ₂ t (a ₁ =0.1 to 1, a ₂ =1 to 10). To do so.
Immediately after charging, even if SL detection or one charging does not exceed SL, wait until T=a ₁ t before charging next time, thereby opening charging interval and preventing continuous charging. To do. Also, even if the level does not drop easily due to hanging on the shelf or the like, and SL detection is not performed even if T=a ₂ t is exceeded, the charging is performed once. After that, when there is no further detection of a ₂ t (sec) SL, charging is repeated once. By doing so, the hanging of the charged materials is collapsed, and the next continuous charging can be avoided even if the level of the charged materials is suddenly lowered, and the gas generation amount can be made uniform.

  In carrying out the present invention, in the melting furnace, it is preferable to make the furnace diameter of the upper furnace space larger than the furnace diameter at the position of the waste charging portion. By doing so, the superficial velocity in the upper part of the reaction furnace is reduced, so that the amount of scattered particles can be reduced.

Next, the method for detecting the bed height level of the charge in the melting furnace will be specifically described.
FIG. 18 shows a schematic partial sectional view of a furnace body provided with a layer high level detecting device which can be used in the present invention. In the figure, a furnace body 31 is composed of a refractory material 32 and a furnace body casing (iron skin) 33 that covers the refractory material 32. An electromagnetic wave transmitter 36 and an electromagnetic wave receiver 37 are attached to a measurement nozzle 35 provided on a measurement seat 34 on the side surface of the furnace body. Are provided facing each other. It is preferable to use a microwave as the electromagnetic wave. It is preferable that the microwave output has a high output of 0.5 kW or more. Preferably, the measurement nozzle 35 is filled with a heat-insulating refractory fiber material such as ceramic fiber or a molded product thereof so that the transmitter and the receiver are not affected by the heat in the furnace, and the unused measurement seat is Keep the lid on to prevent leakage of gas in the furnace. If necessary, the transmitter and the receiver may be cooled by purging with nitrogen gas or air.

  The above-mentioned example is a penetration type in which a microwave is transmitted from the transmitter and has penetrated the inside of the furnace is received by the receiver, but using a reflection type transceiver in which the transmitter and the receiver are integrated, Only one measurement port may be provided on the furnace wall, and this transmitter/receiver may be provided for measurement.

  Although FIG. 18 shows the combination of the electromagnetic wave receiver and the electromagnetic wave transmitter provided in two stages in the vertical direction of the furnace body, three or more stages may be provided. Further, in the case where a plurality of stages are provided, the upper limit of the mounting position is preferably the height at which the charged material is considered to be highest and accumulated (lower morning glory or lower morning glory), and the lower limit is the upper upper part of the main tuyere. The mounting position may be any height or any number of steps in the middle thereof.

  In the illustrated example, no openings are provided in the refractory materials of the mounting seats of the electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver, and the electromagnetic waves are detected through the refractory material of the furnace body. The reason for this is that when the opening is provided, scattered matter in the furnace adheres to the opening and accumulates to make measurement impossible.

  In addition, when a transmitter and receiver are installed in the opening of a furnace body that already has an opening, fill the opening with a filling material such as heat-insulating refractory material and attach the scattered material in the furnace.・Avoid accumulation. With the above configuration, the layer height can be detected stably over a long period of time, and the life of the device can be extended and maintenance work can be significantly reduced.

  It is preferable to use a high-power electromagnetic wave transmitter and a high-sensitivity electromagnetic wave receiver. The installation level (height of the mounting seat) of the pair of transmitter and receiver is determined according to the height control value, but it is not limited to one location (one level), but the height control value according to the operating situation It can be installed at a plurality of locations (a plurality of levels) in order to respond to a change or to enable detection of a plurality of points.

  When microwaves are used as electromagnetic waves, if molten slag adheres to the inner surface of the brick for heat insulation, it will be the biggest cause that the detected value of microwave waste charging level itself is not reliable. . In order to ensure this reliability, in the device shown in FIG. 19, the microwave blocking device for protecting the microwave transmitting device and the microwave receiving device from the high temperature atmosphere in the melting furnace is not arranged, and The structure is such that the tip of the waveguide of the transmitter is extended to the inner wall of the furnace brick of the melting furnace.

  The furnace wall is composed of a furnace brick 47 and a steel shell 48, and a water cooling pipe 44 is provided through the furnace wall. A heat insulating brick 49 is provided at the end of the water cooling pipe 44 inside the furnace, and a waveguide guide pipe 43 is provided inside the water cooling pipe 44. A waveguide 42 for guiding the microwave transmitted from the microwave transmission device 41 is slidably fitted into the waveguide guide pipe 43. The microwave transmission device 41 is movably provided so as to be in the maintenance position shown in the figure when not measuring and to be in the measurement position shown in the figure when measuring.

  Then, in order to remove the molten slag adhering to the tip end portion of the waveguide 42 of the microwave transmitter 41, the microwave transmission device 41 connected to the rear end of the microwave transmission waveguide 42, By advancing about 50 mm from the measurement position to the advance limit position, the molten slag adhering to the tip of the waveguide is removed.

  Further, in order to complement the function of removing the molten slag adhering to the tip end portion of the waveguide 42 of the microwave transmission device 41 and also cool the waveguide, the waveguide of the microwave transmission device 41 is also cooled. From the nitrogen gas pipe for purging connected to 42, nitrogen gas as an inert gas is purged.

  In this way, the microwave transmission device is movably provided, and the cooling effect and heat resistance of the microwave transmission device are improved by providing the water cooling pipe, the nitrogen gas pipe for purging, and the heat-insulating bricks, and dust. It is possible to prevent gas and gas from entering.

Another example of the device for detecting the level will be described with reference to FIG.
An electromagnetic wave waveguide that also serves as a pair of burner gas introduction pipes is provided through the furnace wall made of heat shielding brick. The pair of the electromagnetic wave transmitting device and the electromagnetic wave receiving device is disposed on the furnace wall below the inlet of the melting furnace so as to face each other. Although the figure shows the case where the electromagnetic wave is transmitted horizontally, the electromagnetic wave does not necessarily need to be transmitted horizontally and may be set appropriately according to the setting of the deposit level of the charge to be detected and the restrictions of the equipment. Good. However, it is preferable to horizontally transmit the electromagnetic wave in order to shorten the transmission distance of the electromagnetic wave and improve the detection accuracy.

As the combustion burner, it is preferable to use one having a multi-tube structure as shown in the drawing. The inner tube of the multi-tube is used as a fuel gas introducing tube and an electromagnetic wave waveguide, and the outer tube is used as an air or oxygen introducing tube. Further, the outer tube has a structure that can be cooled by cooling water. Then, it is connected to an electromagnetic wave transmitter or an electromagnetic wave receiver after the inner tube of the combustion burner.
With the above-described configuration, it is possible to prevent the molten slag and the like from entering and adhering to the waveguide tip portion (furnace inner wall side) due to the burner flame, and to prevent the tip clogging from occurring. ..
The electromagnetic wave transmitter and the electromagnetic wave receiver may be provided to be movable back and forth as illustrated in order to facilitate maintenance.

When a microwave is used as the electromagnetic wave, the frequency of the microwave is preferably 8 to 30 GHz. With such a frequency, there is no influence on the detection accuracy due to the interference between the microwave and the flame plasma. That is, it is known that the burner flame is plasma, and the plasma generally has a plasma frequency unique to its type and shields electromagnetic waves having a frequency lower than this. The electron density (ne) [cm ⁻³ ] of the burner flame plasma is about 10 ⁸ , and the plasma frequency (fp) can be calculated from fp=9×10 ³ ×ne ^1/2 , which is about 90 MHz. Become. On the other hand, when microwaves having a much higher frequency of 8 to 30 GHz are used, problems such as interruption due to flame do not occur. As a result of confirming experimentally how much the microwave intensity attenuates by the flame using a microwave level meter, the microwave intensity is almost constant (although the attenuation during burner ignition is not zero) independent of the presence or absence of the burner flame. It turned out that can be secured.

  The gas sealing mechanism provided in the waveguide shown in FIG. 20 is specifically a plug, and when introducing burner gas, microwaves are transmitted between the burner gas inlet and the microwave transmitter or receiver, Has the function of shutting off. By providing this stopper, the burner gas can be prevented from entering the microwave transmitter or the receiver and the explosion of the combustible gas in the transmitter and the receiver can be prevented. As the material of the stopper, for example, synthetic resin can be used.

  When the burner gas is introduced into the waveguide, a large number of small holes are formed in the circumference of the waveguide to secure the gas introduction and reduce the microwave loss. Microwave leakage occurs if there is an opening with a wavelength equal to or longer than the microwave wavelength. Therefore, in order to prevent loss due to this, the opening needs to be sufficiently smaller than the microwave wavelength.

  The microwave transmitted from the microwave transmitter is received by the microwave receiver, and the attenuation amount of the microwave is measured. At this time, if the microwave transmitted from the microwave transmitter is received by the microwave receiver without passing through the compressed waste accumulated in the melting furnace, the amount of microwave attenuation is small. On the other hand, when the microwave passes through the compressed waste and is received by the microwave receiver, the attenuation amount of the microwave changes according to the transmission distance in the compressed waste.

  That is, the longer the distance that the microwave penetrates through the compressed waste, the greater the attenuation of the microwave. Therefore, the threshold value is set in advance, the measured value of microwave attenuation is compared with the threshold value, and when the measured value of attenuation exceeds the threshold value, the compression waste in the melting furnace is Has reached a predetermined deposition level.

  As described above, in the present invention, since the measured value of the attenuation amount of the microwave is compared with the threshold value, the deposition level of the compressed waste can be reduced only by using a pair of the microwave transmission device and the microwave reception device. Can be detected.

  The above-mentioned example is a penetration type in which a microwave is transmitted from the transmitter and has penetrated the inside of the furnace is received by the receiver, but using a reflection type transceiver in which the transmitter and the receiver are integrated, It is also possible to provide only one measurement port on the furnace wall and dispose this transmitter/receiver for measurement. The through type has a short microwave path, and thus has the advantage of being less susceptible to signal attenuation and less susceptible to noise, but it requires two measurement ports to be provided. In addition, the reflective type requires less number of measurement points, so there are fewer restrictions on the installation location compared to the through type, but the signal reciprocates in the furnace, so it has the drawback of signal attenuation and noise. .

  The method of supplying waste according to the present invention can prevent the compression block of the waste from being scattered and scattered at the time of charging the furnace, and can prevent CO, which is a toxic gas, from flowing back. It can be suitably used as a method of supplying waste in a waste treatment facility for melting and gasifying waste in a gasification melting furnace.

Claims (28)

  In the method of supplying waste to a furnace body in which the waste is heated and melted, the waste is compressed by a compression device so as to have a density of 2 to 20 times the density of the waste before compression. A compression block, and the compression block is supplied or dropped from a charging port provided in the furnace wall below the reforming section of the furnace body into the furnace so that the dropping distance in the furnace is 3 m or less. A method for supplying waste, which is characterized by supplying without waste.   2. The waste according to claim 1, wherein the height level of the waste in the furnace is measured and/or calculated, and the supply of the waste is controlled so that the fall distance in the furnace is 3 m or less. How to supply things.   Dropping the waste in the furnace, with pusher pressure and/or calculating the bed height level to ensure that the bed height level of the waste in the furnace is higher than at least partially covering the inlet. The method of supplying waste according to claim 1, wherein the waste is supplied without being supplied.   The method for supplying waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the highest point of the height level of the waste in the furnace is 6 m or less from the bottom of the furnace.   5. The compressed product is charged when a predetermined time has elapsed and a predetermined layer level has not been detected after a time calculated by dividing the amount of the compressed product by a set processing speed is exceeded. The method for supplying waste described in.   An electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver are installed on the side wall of the furnace body, and the level of the waste layer is measured by determining the presence or absence of the contents inside the furnace from the strength of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the furnace. The method for supplying waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:   Based on the intensity of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the furnace, the level of the waste layer is measured from the level of 3 m below the loading level to the loading level when the level of waste is measured by determining the presence or absence of the content inside the furnace. It is a position, The supply method of the waste in any one of Claims 1-6 characterized by the above-mentioned.   8. The method of supplying waste according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are arranged to face the side wall of the furnace body. The method of supplying waste according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a transmitter/receiver in which a transmitter and a receiver are integrated is used as the transmitter and the receiver.
apparatus.   An electromagnetic wave waveguide also serving as a burner gas introduction tube is provided on the side wall of the furnace body, and an electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver are connected to the waveguide, and the electromagnetic wave is transmitted and received by the waveguide. 10. The mixing and deposition of foreign matter in the waveguide is prevented by introducing a burner gas through the waveguide and a burner flame. Waste supply method.   A plug having a function of transmitting electromagnetic waves but blocking gas is inserted between the burner gas inlet of the waveguide and the electromagnetic wave transmitter or receiver, and the burner gas enters the electromagnetic wave transmitter or receiver. 11. The method of supplying waste according to claim 10, characterized in that the above is prevented.   The size of the waste compression block has a height of 0.1 m or more and 1 m or less, and a width of 0.1 m or more and less than the inner diameter of the furnace. The method of supplying waste according to any of the above.   It is characterized in that the water content of the compression block is adjusted by adding at least one of waste sewage, process waste water, and water during the production of the compression block or after the production of the compression block and before it is supplied into the furnace. The method of supplying waste according to any one of claims 1 to 12.   14. The compression block is supplied into the furnace after passing through a tunnel zone for receiving radiant heat in the furnace at 0.3 m or more and 5 m or less before being supplied to the furnace. The method of supplying waste according to any of the above.   15. The method of supplying waste according to claim 14, wherein the tunnel zone for receiving the radiant heat is inclined downward at the inside of the furnace.   The method for supplying waste according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the tunnel zone for receiving the radiant heat is expanded so as to easily receive the radiant heat in front of the outlet inside the furnace.   The device for supplying waste includes at least a compression device for compressing the waste, and a supply hopper that is disposed above the compression device and supplies the waste to the compression device. 17. The method for supplying waste according to any one of 16.   The pusher for dropping wastes from the supply hopper to the compression device is provided between the compression device and a supply hopper arranged at the upper part of the compression device. Waste supply method   An exhaust pipe is arranged between the compression device or the compression device and the supply hopper, and a gas containing carbon monoxide accumulated between the compression device and the supply hopper is exhausted by the exhaust pipe. 19. The method for supplying waste according to claim 17 or 18.   The waste according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the compressor and the supply hopper are partitioned by a double damper to prevent a backflow of a gas containing carbon monoxide in the furnace. Supply method   Between the compression device and the furnace, the upper surface and the left and right surfaces have a taper that spreads in the direction of the inlet of the waste provided on the furnace wall so that the waste does not adhere to the inner wall. The method for supplying waste according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein a tunnel furnace is provided to heat the compression block.   22. The method for supplying waste according to claim 21, wherein a backflow of a gas containing carbon monoxide in the furnace is prevented by introducing steam into the tunnel furnace.   23. The waste supply method according to claim 1, wherein the melting furnace is a waste gasification melting furnace or a gasification melting reforming furnace.   A waste supply device for charging waste into a melting furnace, for compressing waste into a compression block compressed to a density of 2 times or more and 20 times or less the density of the waste before compression. A compression device, a supply hopper disposed above the compression device to supply waste to the compression device, a pipeline for supplying a compression block compressed by the compression device to a high-temperature heating furnace, and a layer of waste in the furnace. A device for supplying waste, comprising a means for measuring and/or calculating a high level and controlling a supply amount of the waste so that a dropping distance of the compression block in the furnace is 3 m or less.   25. The waste feeding apparatus according to claim 24, further comprising a pusher between the compression apparatus and the feeding hopper, the pusher dropping the waste from the feeding hopper into the compression apparatus.   25. The means for controlling the waste feed rate comprises means for detecting the level of waste deposit surface in the melting furnace by measuring the microwave attenuation. 25. The waste supply device according to 25.   A heating and melting treatment device for waste, comprising the waste supply device according to any one of claims 24 to 26 as a device for supplying waste to a melting furnace.   The heat melting treatment apparatus for waste according to claim 27, wherein the melting furnace is a gasification melting furnace or a gasification melting reforming furnace.

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