CN101248312A - Process and apparatus using a molten metal bath - Google Patents
Process and apparatus using a molten metal bath Download PDFInfo
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- CN101248312A CN101248312A CNA2006800207778A CN200680020777A CN101248312A CN 101248312 A CN101248312 A CN 101248312A CN A2006800207778 A CNA2006800207778 A CN A2006800207778A CN 200680020777 A CN200680020777 A CN 200680020777A CN 101248312 A CN101248312 A CN 101248312A
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Abstract
Processes and apparatus for treating organic and inorganic materials in a metal bath contained in a high temperature reactor to produce synthesis gas are provided. The feed materials are prepared and analyzed for heat value prior to injection and the composition of materials in and exiting the reactor are monitored. Based upon the results of the analysis and monitoring, oxygen, steam, and/or other feed materials are also injected into the reactor, to control processing and synthesis gas quality.
Description
The related application of mutual contrast
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application of submitting on April 12nd, 2005 the 60/670th, 332 and proposed the priority of the U.S. Patent application of unallocated application number still on April 10th, 2006.
Background technology
Organic and inorganic material can be converted into vitrifying material and CO and H by the whole bag of tricks
2Synthesising gas mixture (being commonly referred to " synthesis gas ").Described material is converted into has higher-value, the product that helps using (vitreous material that leaches as the difficulty that the solid-state rubbish in a large amount of cities is converted into relative smaller size smaller and the synthesis gas that contains remarkable BTU value of metal and enormousness) be expect.
Past has attempted waste material and other organic materials are converted to synthesis gas.Such method comprises the steam-reforming of organic material, and it needs big energy input.Other method comprises to be utilized metal bath or uses plasma technique.The greatest problem of such raw material of gasifying is that raw material (for example has unpredictable characteristic; The chemistry of raw material and physical characteristic can obviously change at short notice).
Though appearing to have become technically, many such trials may and/or perhaps in the demonstration of intermediate experiment scale, obtain success; but because difficulty is to handle material with the means of economy; operating reliability; temperature controlling and other critical process variablees; as the input quantity of oxygen and steam etc., cause these technology still not allow in appropriate scale or business process utilization.This presses for a kind of method in viable commercial, is used for organic or inorganic material with large volume (ton/hour) in full and is converted into and has the vitreous material of enough BTU values with the synthesis gas that carries out commercial use and available (or environmental friendliness) at least.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides have one or more entrance and exits and part be filled with in the refractory-lined container of motlten metal and vitreous material, transform comprise organic and inorganic component raw material so that the method and apparatus of preparation synthesis gas to be provided.Reclaim vitreous material and metal by the organic component in the partial oxidation raw material with from the inorganic component of raw material and form synthesis gas.This method comprises that (1) provides one or more raw materials, and wherein air has been discharged from and has analyzed raw material and obtained calorific value from raw material; (2) directly supply to raw material in the motlten metal; (3) composition and the temperature of reactor of monitoring motlten metal, vitreous material, synthesis gas; (4) inject oxygen, steam and/or supply with one or more jointly and have the more additional raw material of high heating value than the raw material of being analyzed, the amount of injection depends on to be analyzed and the result of monitoring; (5) remove synthesis gas and regularly remove metal and/or vitreous material continuously from reactor, Fig. 1 is the overall process schematic diagram, has hereinafter more fully to describe.
The present invention also provides a kind of and is used to handle organic and device inorganic raw material, comprises (1) refractory-lined container, and it has the volume of one or more inlets and one or more outlet and suitable motlten metal; (2) pretreatment of raw material unit (as drier and grinder); (3) be used for before raw material injects container its analyzer of analyzing continuously; (4) raw material that is used for discharging air injects the syringe of container; (5) be used to monitor the monitor that metal, vitreous material and synthesis gas are formed; (6) be positioned at the injector that water vapour is injected container on the predeterminated level height, the motlten metal that comprises is in described predeterminated level elevation-over; (7) be positioned at the injector that oxygen and auxiliary material (co-feed) is injected container on the predeterminated level height, the motlten metal that comprises is below described predeterminated level height; (8) be used for result, regulate the controller of water vapour, oxygen and auxiliary material injection rate based on described analyzer and monitor; (9) be used for removing continuously the outlet of synthesis gas in the container.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the present invention is used to handle the waste material method, comprises preferred feature of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of feeding device in one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of feeding device in another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is used for the material feedway of feeding reactor of the present invention and the schematic diagram of preferred reactor structure.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the chemical regions in the reactor.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The invention provides in refractory-lined container (as described below), with one or more Comprise organic and raw material inorganic component and transform, in the running, be filled with molten this container part Melt metal and vitreous material. Raw material is analyzed and selected, and purpose is obtain optimal production logical The synthesis gas of crossing the organic component of partial oxidation raw material and forming, and from the inorganic component of raw material, reclaim Vitreous material and metal.
Wherein suitable raw material is for example municipal solid wastes (MSW) of waste material, garbage derivatived fuel (RDF), comprise garbage derivatived fuel, building and dismounting waste material based on municipal solid wastes (C﹠D), wastewater sludge, damaged tire, waste plastics, medical waste, waste oil and other non-waste material Such as coal or petroleum coke. Most preferably municipal solid wastes, garbage derivatived fuel and other material, This is because the carbon in the above-mentioned material, hydrogen and oxygen component can be turned to effectively by operation of the present invention Turn to synthesis gas. The invention has the advantages that and the most suitable solid material is processed, although non-solid Material (such as semi-solid mixtures and liquid charging stock) also may be fit to process.
Many such raw materials (as municipal solid wastes) have changeable composition and outer shape.According to the present invention, described raw material will carry out preliminary treatment and analyze its calorific value before being injected into reactor.
The preliminary treatment of raw material comprises from wherein discharging air.The existence of air, wherein 79% is nitrogen, will cause the dilution of synthetic gas density and the BTU value of reduction synthesis gas.In the present invention's operation, the gas BTU value of generation is preferably at 280-450BTU/ft
3In the scope.Loader will guarantee that the air that is present in basically in the waste material all is discharged from.What raw material was concerned about most is the existence of air, and its care is based on and has nitrogen and other inert gas, rather than oxygen components.Preferably, most preferably be lower than 0.5% about 1% less than raw material weight of the content of the air of raw material or other inert gas.Though higher percentage composition will cause the dilution of synthesis gas negatively, some higher percentage composition also may be an acceptable, and this depends on the intended purpose of synthesis gas.
Depend on raw material properties, the inventive method generally also comprises dimensioned (sizing), separation and drying steps, before raw material is injected it is carried out preliminary treatment.For example for municipal solid wastes, raw material generally will experience:
The dimensioned step (as size being decreased to less than 1 " to 2 " scope so that the extraction of inorganic material subsequently and be convenient to inject),
2. separating step (as isolating ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal, cement and glass).
3. drying steps is to reduce the water content of raw material.For example, in many raw materials, contain 20% to 60% moisture content.In order to reach best gasifier performance, most preferably be lower than the stable water content of 10-20%.Further, in order to minimize the risk of vapour explosion, need be lower than 10% water content usually.
For some raw material, the one or more steps in the above-mentioned steps are possible be unnecessary and/or the front provides.For example, the raw material of receiving (as the garbage derivatived fuel that is provided by the third party) perhaps crossed by essenceization mistake and/or drying.Need some or all of this pre-treatment step to a certain extent, can use standardized refuse industrial equipment to carry out, it can obtain from the many places seller (as Alan-Ross Machinery Corporation, Northbrook, NY and other provide the manufacturer of dimensioned equipment).
Before in the raw material injecting reactor, raw material is analyzed to determine raw material properties; Additional raw material (as mentioned below) can be added in the reactor simultaneously to solve mutability.Raw material can be before to its preliminary treatment, between or analyze afterwards; In general it is most preferred after pretreatment of raw material it being analyzed, because the dimensioned of carrying out, drying and bleed and can simplify analytic process in advance.
Analytic process was designed to before raw material is injected into reactor, by analyzing the composition of raw material combination thing, estimated the calorific value of raw material continuously and exactly on real-time basis.In this a kind of such analytical method that is particularly useful is by means of neutron irradiation, and this method can be induced secondary gamma radiation in very wide material ranges, and this gamma radiation has its characteristic for element.Nearly all known element comprises that carbon, silicon, aluminium, calcium, oxygen and hydrogen can radiate secondary gamma radiation.For example, when by the neutron beam pulse that is produced by the neutron beam generator material being shone, material will send gamma radiation in a short-term, with this gamma ray radiation of device measuring of association.Consequent spectrum is decided by frequency and lapse of time of neutron beam pulse irradiation, and the element that can dope analysis stream is exactly formed (H, C, O, Si, Al, Ca and other elements-based on concentration).Mensuration is carried out with the pulse mode greater than 1 pulse per second.Generally be used for the software analysis signal and to the time that control module is sent instruction be about 15 seconds.Correspondingly, the feed stream analyzer should be installed in one before waste material is injected into reactor, and the permission system can have on the point of time enough response.Shi Yi neutron beam generator/gamma radiation detector/analyzer system is from HIEnergyTechnologies like this, Irvine CA or STS-Rateck, St Petersburg, Russia.By measuring the composition of raw material, the real-time estimate calorific value to analysis stream before material is injected into reactor is established.Based on predetermined computer algorithm, then controller with the adjusting process parameter with better processing incoming flow.This algorithm is formed the theoretical calorific value of generation based on the element of analyzing feed stream.It also produces the technological parameter that needs correction: feed rate, induction furnace temperature, lime or soda ash addition, oxygen and steam flow.
In addition, same mensuration is preferred for estimating the inorganic matter addition in the slag, for example aluminium, calcium, silicon and other.Utilize this analysis and computer algorithm, can add in check flux to obtain the slag blanket of desired viscosity to feed stream.The proper viscosity of slag blanket is important, because it makes the slag blanket can be by fast and remove from reactor safely.Remove in order to obtain optimal vitreous material, viscosity preferably is about 250 pools when being lower than 200 of reactor operating temperature.
The step that the raw material that preliminary treatment is good injects within the metal bath also is important.Material is directly injected within the metal level.Raw material can supply to the central authorities of metal bath from the top of reactor, and preferably directly supplies raw material into metal level inside (being that mother tube immerses among motlten metal or the molten glass material).Under each situation, injection does not cause carrying secretly or add air or inert gas all is important (the raw material spray gun that utilizes air or nitrogen to carry out mass transport as routine can unacceptably join container with air).Be applicable to that feeding device type of the present invention comprises that the screw extrusion loader is (as Model No.GPT2-2-400-00, by Komar Industries, Columbus, OH produces) and piston type loader (as by Robson Handling Technology, RecyclingEquipment Corporation and other corporate systems are made).Raw material (or major part at least wherein) is because it is promoted to be passed through feeder sleeve with enough fast speed, will enter in the molten bath and can not gasified in pipe with solid-state form).Importantly such feeding device guarantees that waste material is transported to the below rather than the top of metal or vitreous layer, and waste material can be carried and can not be subjected to not received quick decomposition in feeder sleeve in enough fast mode.
Preferably include a kind of in three kinds of modes of texturing of following feed step in order to achieve the above object:
Material from hopper (1) (Fig. 2) gravity supply to the charging box (2).Lock (3) is in the closed position.Piston (4) under high pressure moves forward and compresses material and makes wherein all basically air overflow by hopper (1).The size that offers pressure on the piston and charging box is by material to be transformed and the desired productivity ratio decision of whole system.
Material from hopper (1) (Fig. 3) gravity supply to the charging box (2).Lock (3) is in the closed position.Lock (3) is opened and piston (4) moves forward, and promotes material and enters in the case (5).Lock (3) is closed.Lock (6) also is closed.All air are found time from case (5) by air exhauster (8).Lock (6) is opened and piston (7) promotion material enters in the reactor (9).
3. material is provided for hopper.Material is advanced forward in the extruding loader from hopper, and loader moves to it in reactor.
Preferred method of feeding is to enter into molten metal.When material is added into above the molten bath, need take extraordinary precaution may be discharged into reactor outlet to eliminate volatile organic matter, carbon dioxide and water.For fear of this situation, being preferably gas phase increases additional reaction compartment.If material flow changes, also need have oxygen and steam inlet in this part of reactor to keep controlling and suitably proofreading and correct to the reactor environment.
Material is directly supplied to vitreous layer inside (referring to Fig. 4) in the molten bath.In the another kind distortion, loader (1) itself passes vitreous material and is inserted among the metal.The compressed block that comes out in the loader is pushed into vitreous material in the reactor (3) below by passage (2).This feeding device has significant advantage than its top feed, because it has got rid of or has minimized the possibility of VOC existence in the synthesis gas, and reduced particulate load on any associated gas treatment system, therefore reduce requirement to reactor size.The loader tail end can be equipped with the compression raw material block that grid passes through with cutting, and by increasing the surface area of material like this.Though water cooling tube can be used to this device, but preferably use graphitization aluminium oxide member made (for example by Vesuvius, Falconer, NY makes), this device bottom the refractory material (graphitization aluminium oxide or graphite) in the territory, described area under control that is submerged and the top of the copper (colorized copper) of the colour of water-cooled form.
Described method also comprises the composition and the temperature of reactor of monitoring motlten metal, vitreous material, synthesis gas.
Analyze composition, temperature and the volume of synthesis gas continuously.Monitor the O in the synthesis gas continuously in real time
2, CO, CO
2, H
2, H
2S, H
2The concentration of O and particle (, for example obtaining) by Rosemout Analytical Inc. as using existing supervising device.
In addition, the composition of motlten metal and vitreous material is analyzed off and on.At common arbitrarily metallurgical laboratory the metal ingredient and the melt temperature of the test button of extraction metal are analyzed.If the melt temperature of mixture, can be added some pig iron near operating temperature to reduce melt temperature in raw material.The sample of vitreous material is sent to the Inc. as Hazen Research, and the laboratory of Golden Co is measured oxide and formed and carbon content.
More than analyze the data that obtain, as mentioned below with the analysis data of raw material, be used to control technological operation.
With steam, oxygen and/or have than analyzed raw material more the auxiliary material of the additional raw material of high heating value be injected in the metal bath, the quantity of injection depends on analysis as indicated above and monitoring result.
Introducing steam and oxygen are to be used for continuing to keep reactor to be in best oxygen concentration among directly entering into metal bath on metal bath, keep a kind of oxidation environment of reduction simultaneously.The injection rate of oxygen and steam is formed Data Control according to temperature of reactor and by the input waste material that waste material analyzer and discharge gas componant provide.
Having the more additional raw material of high heating value (for example damaged tire or scrap rubber, if primary raw material is the situation of municipal solid wastes (MSW)) than analyzed raw material with the quality that assists in ensuring that synthesis gas (for example also can be injected into; Heat energy content as fruit part municipal solid wastes raw material is lower than desired value).
If the temperature in molten bath descends, the energy of introducing will increase.Under the situation that temperature raises, can as discussed abovely inject steam like that on top, molten bath, come cooling procedure by the endothermic reaction.If bath temperature raises usually, the water vapor concentration in the exhaust will reduce, and the content of the carbon of raw material can reduce, and the feed speed of oxygen also will reduce.Other parameter also can be used for adjusting effectively the performance of gas cleaning device.
Material is injected in the refractory-lined container, as induction furnace, and the high temperature molten bath reactor of electric arc furnaces or any other type.The amount of the motlten metal that DESIGN OF REACTOR preferably can guarantee (i) have enough sizes with respect to the volume of choosing raw material and (ii) wherein contain can be controlled at any given time, so that carbon content is no more than about 4% (based on weight of motlten metal) by weight in the molten bath.For example, for MSW treatment facility with 250 tons/day (tpd), the induction furnace of 40 tons of steel capacity is preferentially selected, and has additional volumes with the foam that holds the gas of promptly discharging, vitreous material during operation form from the molten bath and accumulate on molten bath (upper space).
Preferred structure of reactor requires at container bottom induction channels to be installed.Such structure is commonly called channel furnace (for example can be from Ajax Tocco Magnetothemic, Inc., Warren, the acquisition of OH place).Can provide electric energy by this passage with electric current.By the induced-current that the alternating current that flows through coil or loop causes, motlten metal can be heated.This can allow unrestrictedly to enter in the reactor so that slag tap by wall.The refractory lining of top cylinder allows to comprise the multiple choices of carbon-graphite brick in addition.Replacedly, independently induction furnace can be used to form the molten bath, and it is installed in the reactor then.Channel reactor (as shown in Figure 4) is a kind of refractory-lined container (1), wherein has the motlten metal material.
Most typical metal is an iron, but other metal such as nickel, chromium, tin, etc. also may advantageously be used and (for example,, be converted into desired chloride form in order to realize with the chlorinated substance in the raw material, as HCl, perhaps if desired or the expectation more low-melting metal).A kind of preferred deformation program is to use the independent standard induction furnace to come molten steel, in the reactor of then steel of molten state being packed into.
The vapor injection mouth is provided the top that is arranged in the reactor molten bath layer.The suitable mode of the steam injecting reactor of scheduled volume is comprised common steam gun, as the stainless steel nozzle of making by nozzle system company (SprayingSystems Inc).Because the endothermic reaction of water and carbon, steam are injected and are used to the temperature of control procedure effectively.In this process, reaction as follows takes place with [C] in the water vapour that is higher than the injection that the position in molten bath exists during operation:
C+H
2O＝H
2+CO?dH～130kJ/mole
This reaction not only can consume excess energy and reduce oxygen demand, and will produce the hydrogen of additional volumes in the gas of discharging.This reaction is an endothermic reaction, and it can reduce the temperature in the reactor quickly and effectively and the output of synthesis gas is not worked the mischief.
Importantly steam is to be injected in the top in molten bath or the vitreous layer rather than to inject metal self inside, this is because most elemental carbon is to float on above the fused mass, if and had a material higher reactor of packing into than mean calorie, the zone on this molten bath also will be to need by cooled zones fast.
Oxygen should directly be injected within the metal bath or be injected in the vitreous layer, rather than is injected among the metal self.Preferably, use one or more ultrasonic oxygen lances to supply with oxygen, the air-flow that this device produces can pass and in depth enter into metal bath (outlet that is spray gun above melting metal layer, but again with it sufficiently near so that hypersonic flow can pass melting metal layer).As selection, also can use from reactor bottom oxygen is injected into blast pipe the motlten metal.Oxygen in being injected into motlten metal after, form iron oxide with iron reaction.In the time of in being supplied to reactor, raw material is immersed within the metal level in molten bath, and material is exposed to and surpasses under the environment of 2900 high temperature there.This temperature causes the thermal decomposition of material at once.
Appropriate method in the oxygen injecting reactor of scheduled volume comprised with spray gun inject oxygen from reactor top and inject oxygen from reactor bottom with blast pipe.Spray gun and blast pipe be immersed in be fine in the metal but can increase the risk that metal spills significantly.Therefore, preferred method for supplying oxygen is by ultrasonic oxygen lance being installed in the top of melt layer, and the air-flow of its generation can pass and be deep into metal bath.Oxygen forms iron oxide with the iron reaction after being injected into molten metal.When raw material are fed in the reactor, be immersed within the metal level in molten bath, be exposed to above under 2900 the high temperature.Such temperature causes the thermal decomposition of described material immediately.
The size of reactor, oxygen and steam inject the position of nozzle and the form of exhaust passage, can select according to the kind of product yield and raw material.It is favourable that oxygen and steam gun are installed in the top that is higher than the molten bath in the reactor.Ultrasonic oxygen lance be arranged at molten bath top and directed downwards with oxygen is delivered within the molten bath rather than above.The manufacturer of the spray gun that one of them is such is Process Technology Internat ional Inc, Tucker, GA.
During handling, the organic moiety of raw material is converted into hydrogen and carbon, and inorganic constituents is melted in the molten bath and/or dissolves.Metal oxide is reduced to metal, accumulates in the bottom in molten bath, and all other inorganic compound forms vitreous layer at the top in molten bath.The carbon that forms in this process floats on the surface in molten bath.Can make the reaction of carbon and iron oxide that it is reduced to iron like this.Except above-mentioned mechanism, the reaction that oxygen directly forms oxidation of coal carbon monoxide also takes place.In the continuous motion of waste material and the molten bath iron oxide upwards and iron move downward and needed stirring action be provided and promote whole process.
The tapping mechanism that promising excess metal of reacting appliance and vitreous layer are provided with.The metal of described vitreous layer and accumulation regularly flows out so that the molten bath in the reactor keeps CL.Suitable tapping mechanism comprises: the brill of slagging tap, (as Woodings Industrial Corporation, Mars PA) provides and clogs the mud gun of this boring by many manufacturers for it.The size of described brill and mud gun and kind are formed decision by the thickness of refractory material with it.
The synthesis gas that produces in the said process is discharged reactor by open top.The volume of reactor molten bath top and size are designed to that synthesis gas production efficiency is reached to greatest extent and reduce the particulate load of gas in flowing.Can additional boiler, washer and compressor be installed in the downstream according to the specific requirement of device.
If comprise chloride or fluorochemical in the material flow, then can in vitreous material, add lime and come above-mentioned substance is neutralized.Feed product is after being transported into smelting furnace, and no matter it sinks among the vitreous material (if from top input) or has been immersed within the vitreous material, and it will be exposed to the molten bath.The temperature in molten bath can be up to about 3000 °F, or higher.All inorganic compounds are melted.Special flux, as but be not limited to soda ash and borax, be introduced in the fused mass so that in the material melt temperature of some contained oxide reduce.Lime can be added in the raw material to adjust the pH value of vitreous material.
When being in melting bed following time of thermal extremes, contained organic compound begins to resolve into carbon and hydrogen in the raw material.Hydrogen can leave the molten bath at once.Part carbon will dissolve in motlten metal, and remaining will move to the top in molten bath.With waste material concurrently, oxygen is imported in the reactor.Oxygen dissolves in the iron in the mode that generates ferrous oxide.
Molten bath reactor can be separated into a plurality of zones (Fig. 5) by anticipation.In first district, there is excess of oxygen near oxygen lance, following main reaction takes place:
Fe+1/2?O
2＝FeO?dH～-260kJ/mole(T＝1600K)
Be in reactor that ferrous oxide is the principal mode of the oxide of iron under the preferred operating temperature range.Other reaction comprises:
2Fe+3/2?O
2＝Fe
2O
3dH～-800kJ/mole
[C]+O
2＝CO
2
All products of these reactions all move towards the direction on the top of metal bath.
In second district, this zone lacks oxygen, and carbon and any undecomposed raw material move towards the top and be added in the fused mass when running into the oxide of iron.The reaction that causes forming carbon monoxide takes place as follows:
FeO+[C]＝Fe+COdH～150kJ/mole(T＝1600K)
Fe
2O
3+[C]＝2Fe+3COdH～454kJ/mole
CO+FeO＝Fe+CO
2?dH～-20kJ/mole
The carbon that participates in reaction is present in the reactor with three kinds of forms: free carbon, dissolve in the carbon of fused mass and be present in the still undecomposed waste material carbon.
Some carbon dioxide that generates in first district is reduced to CO:
CO
2+[C]＝2?CO?dH～160kJ/mole
Gas continues and the carbon formation carbon monoxide that reacts.This is an exothermic reaction, for described process provides thermal source.Need take to prevent in case locking system is overheated especially.The temperature of reactor needs careful control, and if its surpass 3000 °F, should start steam and inject.
Need preferably to continue to monitor the liquid level in temperature and molten bath during operation.
The present invention is particularly suitable for handling municipal solid wastes, building and dismounting waste material and garbage derivatived fuel.Previous method can not be handled the challenge that structure is brought of forming by height change in the municipal solid wastes effectively, and especially its BTU content is inconsistent.For example the BTU of municipal solid wastes and building and dismounting waste material is generally from about 7500BTU/ cubic feet (for the stream of the timber that contains higher percent, paper and plastics), to the scope that is low to moderate about 3000BTU/ cubic feet (for the component of the aforementioned high BTU that contains low percentage and/or have the low BTU material of higher percent such as the stream of rock, glass, water and metal).
The present invention can handle the variation of this BTU effectively.Method and apparatus of the present invention (i) is before introducing reactor with raw material, the raw material calorific value that analysis enters stream (for example, the preferred neutron beam that uses is continuously induced γ radiation spectrum technology, or by frequent sampling and by the calorific value of calorimeter or other these samples of methods analyst commonly used); (ii) carbon content and the metal formed of monitoring (preferably continuously or periodic sampling) motlten metal; (iii) monitoring (preferably monitoring) continuously is arranged in the composition of the gas stream of the headroom of reactor or exhaust jet stream (as by using one or more gas analysers to measure H
2, H
2O, H
2S, CO
2, and carbon monoxide content, and measure the temperature of described stream) and (iv) analyze and the basis of monitoring result on, oxygen and/or auxiliary material (other as raw material known to damaged tire, the petroleum coke etc. and/or that have higher BTU value) are injected (preferred dynamically mix), so that the BTU value that exhaust jet stream reaches and keeps expecting.
The gas that leaves gas handling system has the calorific value from 290 BTU/ cubic feet (cft) to 450BTU/ cubic feet scope, and has the appropriate mass that can be used for compound-circulation (CC) power plant.When such equipment combines installation with compound-cycle power plant, the such system of one cover can be from the electric power of 1600 kilowatts of the material production of input reactor per ton, and comparing other waste material gasifier has significant improvement with compound-situation when cycle power plant combines.
Though molten bath and vitreous layer can both be as effective particulate filters, some carbon dusts especially when from reactor top feed, can overflow from the molten bath and be dispersed in the space.Specific oxygen injection port can be positioned at molten bath top, makes the top of oxygen inflow reactor with the oxidant that q.s is provided carbon dust to be converted to carbon monoxide.In order to stop particulate to be overflowed from reactor, the gas mass rate of emission should be lower than the dust sinking speed.Can increase expanding chamber by exhaust section and reach this purpose at reactor.Another method that reduces or eliminates granular materials is in the outlet of reactor cyclone separator to be installed.
Described method can be continuous remove synthesis gas and regularly remove metal and/or vitreous material.These materials can be removed from refractory-lined container by one or more outlets, and this method of removing can be used the existing known metal processing and/or the conventional method in waste treatment technique field.
Air-flow can be further processed as needed or desired.The method of particulate and impurity is to utilize plasma discharge that it is handled in a kind of preferred processing synthesis gas, and it can be handled and the CO component in oxidation or " burning " synthesis gas significantly not particulate and impurity.The type of optimal plasma discharge comprises microwave and inductively coupled plasma, and it can produce the non-equilibrium plasma electrode-less discharge of adequate types.In the case, the non-equilibrium plasma generator is installed in the reactor inlet of particular design.Whole, or this supplies in the reactor only to have only the pollution part of synthesis gas to enter the mouth by this.Some oxygen can be added in the processing procedure so that carbon (C) changes carbon monoxide (CO) into.Plasma discharge is as the catalyst of a plurality of processes, and produces no particulate synthesis gas at reactor exit.If it is suitable to be provided with, plasma discharge can also be with the H that contains in the synthesis gas
2S gas changes hydrogen and elementary sulfur into, and it is separated from air-flow.Plasma process self can not eliminated the pollutant in the air-flow, but produces the advantage of suitable pollutant removal operation, so it must combine application with the pollution prevention technique of routine.
Though the most of chloride in the vitreous material, fluoride and maximum 40% sulphur will be hunted down, auxiliary synthesis gas cleaning also be need or expectation.In this case,, can dry scrubber be installed, inject NaOH or lime in exhaust place in order to remove chlorine, fluoride and the sulphur that contains in the gas basically.Useful ceramics filter or cyclone separator are handled gas to eliminate any residual particulates then.Another method is that wet scrubber was installed before compressor, uses sodium hydroxide solution wherein to handle.
The heat that contains in the gas can be reclaimed in heat exchanger.After dry scrubber, synthesis gas will be full of moisture content, and it is removed after can being compressed (4) at gas and being cooled to the dew point that is lower than water.
Reactor should preferably have tapping mechanism, and it can be the type identical with the deslagging device that is used for blast furnace and electric arc furnaces.Though preferably discharge metal and vitreous material in the entire process process continuously, the reactor of regularly slagging tap also can reach similar result, and this easier realization.In operation, vitreous material and metal will be accumulated in the reactor.The liquid level in molten bath should be controlled modestly, and if it be raised to and surpassed preset point, the tapping mechanism of metal and/or vitreous layer will be activated.Simple and the most reliable method is to stop charging, discharges synthesis gas from reactor, adopts the standard tap bit to hole in sidewall of reactor then, and the position is at the liquid level position of the initial amount of iron.Vitreous material and metal be outflow reactor then, arrives the position of the scum hole that gets out up to molten metal pool level.Use mud gun to stop up this hole then with mud.This is that a kind of operation and reactor of weak point consuming time can move once more.Metal with suitable component can be sold (as being used to casting) after being collected, and vitreous material also useful (as aggregate).
Embodiment
Dry granulation garbage derivatived fuel (RDF) is handled in 40 tons channel induction furnace (Ajax Model VS-40) with the ability (TPD) of 250 tpds, and this stove is improved to have a seal cover and amplify so that additional headroom to be provided.The feeding machanism of RDF by being made of spiral injection loader is fed in the reactor with the speed of 10.4 tphs (TPH).Loader is finished two tasks: bleed from RTF; With make material move to feeder sleeve with the speed that requires.Feeder sleeve is that internal diameter (ID) is 4 " graphitized alumina pipe with internal.Feed pipe is installed in the central authorities of reactor cap.
The RTF raw material that receives has about 35% moisture and the inhomogenous material of size.Pretreatment of raw material is as follows: use Eagle II (from Sweet Manufacturing Company, Springfield, the OH acquisition) it being dried to moisture is 7%, use pulverizer (from Vecoplan, LLC, High Point, NC obtains, model is #VVZ-310) material is carried out dimensioned to average-size is about 1 inch, (model is #GPT2-400-0, by Komar Industries, Columbus to use extruder/loader then, OH makes) from the raw material that dry and dimensioned are crossed, extrude air, make to contain in the raw material to be less than about 1% air by weight.
Analyze C, H, O, Al, Si, Ca, Fe, Ni and other components of this pretreated material then and use neutron beam analysis instrument (model is #NBW-1, and from STS-Ratek, St.Petersburg, Russia obtains) to predict its calorific value.
Reactor cap is equipped with oxygen and steam gun and gas vent.Reactor and ambient atmosphere are isolated, and 40 tons of molten irons just are housed.Oxygen supplies in the reactor continuously with the speed of 66000 cubic feet per hours (cft/hr).In reactor, organic material decompose to generate 325000 cubic feet/hour hydrogen, 256160 cubic feet/hour carbon monoxide and 1700 Pounds Per Hours nature of glass organic material.Gaseous product is discharged from reactor by the exhaust passage.Nature of glass organic material is accumulated in the top in molten bath with the form of slag blanket.
Measure temperature, molten bath liquid level, gas composition, leave the temperature and the volume of the synthesis gas of reactor.Using gases analyzer (model is #MLT4, and from Emerson, St Louis, Mo obtains) analyze continuously synthesis gas form in CO, H
2, H
2O, O
2, H
2The content of S.In the metallurgical laboratory of commerce, periodically analyze the composition of metal and vitreous layer.
The result of above-mentioned measurement is used for controlling the amount of oxygen, steam and/or auxiliary material in the supply response device.Temperature when the molten bath rises to the level that is higher than expectation, and steam is injected in the reactor, and the steam shift endothermic reaction causes the temperature in the process to reduce and the generation of added hydrogen.When the composition analysis of raw material shows that it is lower than the calorific value of expectation, additional oxygen and/or damaged tire (it has the BTU value higher than RDF) are injected in the reactor with the BTU value that keeps synthesis gas between 350 to 450BTU/cuft.
After the nature of glass organic material of scheduled volume accumulated in the reactor, the liquid level in molten bath rose to the level of expectation.Interrupt system feed and oxygen are supplied with and are stopped gradually.Fuel gas is removed from reactor, gets out cinder hole in the position of the initial metal bath of sidewall of reactor liquid level.All are accumulated in the product that is higher than this hole in the reactor and flow out from this hole and enter into a specially designed go-cart.Nature of glass organic material and metal are separated subsequently to be opened, and metal is sold (for example giving steel mill), and nature of glass organic material can be as the building aggregate.After going out slag operation and finishing (generally spending 40-60 minute), utilize mud gun to the slag notch sealing and restart to handle waste material and generate fuel gas.
Claims (16)
1. handle the method that one or more contain the raw material of organic and inorganic component, this processing is filled with in the refractory-lined container of motlten metal and vitreous material and carries out having one or more imports and one or more outlet and part, it produces synthesis gas by the organic component in the described raw material of partial oxidation, and reclaim vitreous material and the metal that comes from inorganic component in the raw material, this method may further comprise the steps:
A). one or more raw materials are provided, and wherein the air in the raw material is discharged from, and analyzes raw material acquisition calorific value;
B). raw material is directly injected motlten metal;
C). the composition of monitoring motlten metal, vitreous material and synthesis gas;
D). inject oxygen and/or supply with one or more jointly in metal bath and have the more additional raw material of high heating value than the raw material of being analyzed, the amount of injection depends on to be analyzed and the result of monitoring;
E). steam is injected into the part that is higher than motlten metal in the refractory-lined container, and the amount of injection depends on the result who analyzes and monitor; With
F). from refractory-lined container, remove synthesis gas continuously by described one or more outlets, and regularly remove metal and/or vitreous material.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said raw material is selected from municipal solid wastes, garbage derivatived fuel, building and dismounting waste material, wastewater sludge and damaged tire.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein said supplying raw materials comprises from described raw material and discharges air.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein the analysis to described raw material is provided by the neutron irradiation analysis.
5. the method for claim 1 is wherein directly injected raw material motlten metal and is comprised by high speed nozzle and injecting.
6. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said discharge air makes the weight content of air in described raw material be less than about 1%.
7. the method for claim 1 further comprises making air communication cross the described synthetic air of ceramic filter fine filtering.
8. the method for claim 1 further comprises making synthetic air pass through gas treatment equipment.
9. the method for claim 1 further is included in and utilizes described synthetic air in the combined-circulation turbine.
10. the method for claim 1 further comprises the heat energy composite material in metal bath by one or more induction channels generations in reactor bottom zone.
11. the method for claim 1, wherein raw material is selected from municipal solid wastes and building and dismounting waste material.
12. one kind is treated to the device of synthesis gas and vitreous material with organic and inorganic raw material, comprising:
(1) has refractory-lined container one or more inlets and one or more outlets and suitable motlten metal volume;
(2) one or more pretreatment of raw material unit;
(3) one or more before raw material injects container to its analyzer of analyzing continuously;
(4) one or more injectors that are used for the raw material behind the discharge air is injected container;
(5) monitor of the composition of one or more monitoring metals, vitreous material and synthesis gas;
(6) one or more on the predeterminated level height inject the injector of container with water vapour, and the motlten metal that comprises is in described predeterminated level elevation-over;
(7) the one or more injectors on the predeterminated level height with oxygen and/or auxiliary material injection container, the motlten metal that comprises is below described predeterminated level height;
(8) one or more results that are used for based on described analyzer and monitor regulate the controller of water vapour, oxygen and auxiliary material injection rate; With
(9) one or more container outlets that are used for removing continuously synthesis gas.
13. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said refractory-lined container is a channel induction furnace.
14. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said one or more pretreatments of raw material unit is a drier.
15. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said one or more pretreatments of raw material unit is an air exhauster.
16. device as claimed in claim 12, the wherein said analyzer that is used for analyzing continuously raw material is the neutron irradiation analytical equipment.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67033205P | 2005-04-12 | 2005-04-12 | |
| US60/670,332 | 2005-04-12 | ||
| US11/400,973 | 2006-04-10 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101248312A true CN101248312A (en) | 2008-08-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800207778A Pending CN101248312A (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2006-04-11 | Process and apparatus using a molten metal bath |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102439122A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2012-05-02 | 亚当·汉德雷克 | Method and system for performing chemical processes |
| CN106734084A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南万容科技股份有限公司 | A kind of solid waste substance treating method |
| US11795407B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-10-24 | Qiang Niu | Gasifier for organic solid waste by injection into molten iron and slag bath |
-
2006
- 2006-04-11 CN CNA2006800207778A patent/CN101248312A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102439122A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2012-05-02 | 亚当·汉德雷克 | Method and system for performing chemical processes |
| CN102439122B (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2015-10-21 | 亚当·汉德雷克 | For implementing the method and apparatus of chemical process |
| CN106734084A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南万容科技股份有限公司 | A kind of solid waste substance treating method |
| US11795407B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-10-24 | Qiang Niu | Gasifier for organic solid waste by injection into molten iron and slag bath |
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Application publication date: 20080820 |