JPS63308093A - Coal powder gasifying apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an apparatus for gasifying powdered coal using steam and oxygen-containing gas, and which converts hydrogen and carbon monoxide from solid fuel. It can be used in various fields of chemical industry to produce.

[Prior Art] Powdered coal is used to improve the quality of the generator gas, to reduce energy consumption, and to ensure operation with coal containing ash containing low-melting components. Gasifiers are known. This device has a lining above the pipe joint for discharging the generator gas. Between this lining layer and the insulation layer there are provided several through passages bent at right angles, their lower part running vertically along the wall of the housing, and their upper part running along the wall of the device. They are arranged tangentially to the axis on the covers of the housing, the outlet openings of the passages in these housing covers being located at the level of the outlet part of the pulverized coal burner. The inlet opening of each passage above the steam injection fitting is provided coaxially thereto; - several nozzles for supplying power water and a steam/water mixture are located in the wall of the housing; They are arranged in a number of rows distributed above the height position. Several water nozzles are installed at the lower end of the reaction chamber, using which the generator gas is heated to 700-800℃.
is cooled to Additionally, a water reservoir is maintained in the lower part of the housing for granulating the resulting slag.

A feature of this device is that a relatively cold gas film is formed along the inner wall of the reaction chamber, which prevents softened slag particles from sticking to the wall. In order to form such a gas film, a number of passages are provided inside the lining layer, which start at the bottom of the housing but at the top of the gas outlet fitting, and whose ends are horizontal and opens tangentially into the reaction chamber at the level of the burner opening. Pre-cooled gas from the lower part of the housing is drawn into these passages by steam blowing in front of the inlet to the passages, and this After being discharged from the end, the above-mentioned cooling gas film is formed.

The principle of this device is to carry out the gasification reaction at a temperature such that the mineral constituents of the coal soften or partially melt, but do not form a completely fluid slag that flows down on the walls of the reaction chamber. and thus a significant reduction in its relative oxygen consumption. Another pulverized coal gasifier is built according to similar basic principles. In this case, the refractory wall of the reaction chamber expands downward in stages, with the cooling gas film being renewed through separate passages below each stage. A water-cooled wall is airtightly welded to the bottom of this fireproof wall, and the generated furnace gas is cooled by gas radiant heat exchange on this surface, and the transferred heat is transferred within the water-cooled wall. Used for steam generation.

Each inlet of the passage with its respective subordinate steam outlet nozzle for returning pre-cooled producer gas is provided below the water cooling wall but above the gas outlet fitting and the water level of the water sump of the device. There is.

Although additional thermal economy improvements and increased functionality are achieved by employing direct pre-cooling by water injection, indirect cooling by water-cooled walls and gradual renewal of the cooling gas film, they A drawback remains that a relatively large amount of water vapor is required for the nozzle to operate. It is not possible to reduce the temperature of the producer gas at the water-cooled wall to values below 800-900 DEG C. with the currently technically and economically possible finished and assembled lengths of the device. The use of fuels with low slag softening points is therefore problematic. Furthermore, the relatively high temperature of the recycle gas increases the amount of recycle gas required to maintain the stable cooling gas film.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The purpose of the invention is to improve the economy of operating such a device.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to generate coal with a low melting point ash under conditions of partial oxidation of powdered fuel under pressure while maintaining the principle of a cooling gas film on the walls of a reaction chamber configured to be refractory. The aim is to create a device that allows gasification and further improves the heat economy.

[Means for Solving the Problems] According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems are solved by providing a housing provided with an inner heat insulating layer and a side pipe joint for discharging gas from the generator, and this housing. a coal powder burner disposed axially in the upper part of the reaction chamber; a refractory wall defining the reaction chamber and extending downward in steps; and at the level of the opening of the coal powder burner, A number of horizontal gas passages opening into the reaction chamber tangentially to the axis of the apparatus through the refractory wall below each step widening, and an annular header for supplying and discharging coolant. The present invention is solved by a coal powder gasification device consisting of a backwater cooling wall with a cooling wall and a water sump at the bottom of the housing. According to the present invention, a downwardly open annular hollow space is provided between the heat insulating material layer and the fireproof wall, and the above-mentioned side pipe joint for discharging the generator gas extends from the upper part of this space. Further, in this space, a backwater cold wall is in contact with the fireproof wall and extends downward beyond the fireproof wall, and in this case, the backwater cold wall is formed airtight at least in a portion existing below the fireproof wall,
A generator gas passage communicating with the annular hollow space is provided above the water reservoir. Furthermore, according to the invention, there are provided in the annular hollow space before the inlet end of the horizontal gas passage several steam nozzles connected to respective supply pipes starting from a steam distributor, And those jet ports are oriented in the axial direction of each horizontal passage.

In one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the water wall is constructed as a double wall with a lower bend, and an annular header for supplying and discharging the coolant is attached to the housing. is housed at the top of the. The tube bend is located at a distance above the water level of the sump and thus forms a passage for the generator gas communicating with the annular hollow space. The water level in the sump can be kept constant by means of an overflow pipe in a known manner.

Finally, a water vapor distributor of the type is arranged in the upper part of the housing above the side pipe fitting for the producer gas discharge, and each supply pipe for the respective water vapor nozzle is arranged in each horizontal direction inside the annular hollow space. It is advantageous to conduct it vertically in front of the gas duct.

[Example] The device according to the invention, its mode of operation and the various advantages achieved by the fidgeting will now be explained in more detail by means of an example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The device according to the invention, shown in the accompanying drawing, to be used for gasifying powdered coal under high pressure, comprises a layer of insulation 2, a pipe fitting 3 for discharging the gas from the generator and discharging the granulated slag. A housing 1 equipped with several pipe fittings 4 for the purpose of
It comprises an overflow pipe 6 for forming a reaction chamber, a heat-resistant wall 8 for defining a reaction chamber, several horizontal gas passages 9, a pipe bend 11, an inlet header, and an outlet header 12 and 13. a backwater cooling wall 10, a water vapor distributor 14,
Each supply pipe 15 and several steam nozzles 16 are included.

This device is operated as follows. That is, coal powder, steam, and oxygen-containing gas are supplied through the burner 5 as gasification materials. A flame is thus formed in the reaction chamber along the axis of the device, in which gasification of the powdered coal takes place. The gasification ends at the outlet of the reaction chamber defined by the refractory wall 8, and the cooling of the producer gas to a temperature of 800 to 900° C. is primarily carried out by the refractory wall 8.
This is done by transferring radiant heat to the water-cooled wall 10, which is hermetically welded to the outside. This gas is then diverted at the tube bend 11 into the annular hollow space between the water cooling wall 10 and the insulation 2.

During this deflection, most of the slag falls into the sump and is discharged via the pipe joint 7. The water level in the water reservoir is kept constant by a water supply means and an overflow pipe 6 (not shown).

a water-cooled wall 10 supplied with water via a header 12 as the producer gas rises through the hollow space to the fitting 3 and through which it exits the apparatus; Further cooling of this gas is brought about by contact with the water, which, after passing through the tubes of the water-cooled wall, is heated and possibly partially gasified as water vapor into the header 13. is discharged through. By means of a water vapor distributor 14, water vapor is introduced into a supply pipe 15 arranged vertically in the annular hollow space, which water vapor enters the respective horizontal channel 9 via a water vapor nozzle 16, cooling it in the process. The generated furnace gas is sucked together from the annular hollow space between the insulation layer 2 and the refractory wall 8 through the water-cooled wall 10 in the manner of an injector.

Since these horizontal passages are provided in the tangential direction as shown in Figure 2 (longitudinal diagrammatic cross section corresponding to the xx section in Figure 1), the cold gas and water vapor coming out of these passages are Due to the action of centrifugal force, the mixture impinges on the surface of the refractory wall 8 or on the starting side of the unwelded free part of the backwater cold wall 10 and forms a certain cold gas layer, whereby Prevents the slag from reaching the wall in a fluid or plastic state. This prevents slag from adhering to the surfaces of the fireproof wall 8 and the backwater cold wall 10.

As the gas flows further along the inner surface of the water-cooled W 10, it heats this water-cooled wall by radiation and is cooled to a temperature below that at which slag sticking is possible by mixing with the recirculated gas.

Compared to the known gasifier according to the East German Economic Patent No. 10A 2963811, the relatively low temperature of the already cooled producer gas which is fed back through the horizontal channels 9 and the short length of the channels 9 A comparison of various data between this known device and the device according to the invention is given in the table below.

[Effects of the Invention] As can be seen in the above table, by using the apparatus according to the present invention, the temperature and consumption of the recirculating gas can be reduced by about 30% and its water vapor consumption can be reduced by about 30% for the same production volume. A tenfold reduction is obtained, which results in significant savings in operating costs.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows a transverse sectional view of this device. ! ... Housing 2 ... Insulating material layer 3 ... Pipe joint for generating furnace gas discharge 4 ... Pipe joint for granulated slag discharge 5 ... Burner for coal powder 6 ... Overflow pipe 7. ... Water reservoir 8 ... Fireproof wall 9 ... Gas passage 10 ... Backwater cold wall
! ! ...Pipe bending part 12.13...Pipe header

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A housing with an inner insulation layer and a pipe joint on the side for discharging the gas from the generator, and a burner for coal powder arranged axially in the upper part of this housing, defining a reaction chamber and facing downward. a refractory wall widening in steps, and a refractory wall extending in stages at the level of the opening of the coal powder burner and below each step enlargement of the reaction chamber, through which the shaft of the apparatus is connected. The gas of the coal powder consists of a number of horizontal gas passages opening tangentially into the reaction chamber, a tube water wall with an annular header for coolant supply and discharge, and a water sump in the lower part of the housing. In the generator, a downwardly open annular hollow space is provided between the heat insulating material layer (2) and the fireproof wall (8), and the above-mentioned generator gas exhaust side surface is connected from the upper part of this space. The pipe joint (3) extends out, and in this space, the pipe water cooling wall (10) touches the fireproof wall (8) and extends downward beyond it,
In this case, the pipe water cooling wall (10) is at least the above-mentioned fireproof wall (8).
It is formed airtight in the lower part of the
A generating furnace gas passage communicating with the annular hollow space is provided above the water reservoir (7), and water vapor is provided within the annular hollow space before the inlet end of the horizontal gas passage (9). A number of steam nozzles (16) are provided which are connected to respective supply pipes (15) extending from the distributor (18) and whose outlets are oriented in the axial direction of each of said horizontal passages. The above gasification device, characterized in that: (2) The pipe water cooling wall (10) is constructed in the form of a double wall with lower pipe bends (11), these lower pipe bends being above the water surface of the water sump (7). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that they are arranged at a distance, thus forming a passage for the generator gas communicating with the annular space. (3) Each supply pipe (16) is connected to the insulation layer (2) and the fireproof wall (8).
) vertically in the annular hollow space between and subordinate to them, a steam distributor (14) is housed in the upper part of the housing (1) above the pipe fitting (3) for discharging its furnace gases. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: