JPS63233723A - Production of medium for culture of basidiomycetes generated through soil - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for producing a culture medium for Decomycota that occurs through soil.

"Basidiomycetes that occur through soil" refer to basidiomycetes that cannot easily produce fruiting bodies without soil (for example, pine mushrooms and Himematsutake of the genus Haratake), and those that normally occur on the ground in the natural world. However, it refers to basidiomycetes (e.g., Fukurotake of the genus Fukurotake) that also occur in sediments such as rotting fallen leaves and straw, and are called basidiomycetes, terrestrial, or soil-based basidiomycetes. It is the meaning.

[Conventional technology 1] Recently, the shift to Western food has rapidly progressed in Japan as well, and artificially cultivated mushrooms such as pine mushrooms (Pine mushrooms) and Fukurotake farts (Fukurotake mushrooms) are being produced by artificial cultivation. The culture medium used for these conventional artificial cultivations was all compost.

The steps for producing compost, which is a typical culture medium by conventional methods, are as follows.

Manure or straw is used for the culture substrate, but since manure is difficult to obtain unless in a special location, straw is generally used.

Conventional method for producing culture medium (compost) ↓ 6 to 7 days ↓ 5 to 6 days ↓ 5 to 6 days ↓ 5 to 6 days 4th cutting and loading work ↓ 5 to 6 days ↓ 4 to 5 days as above The conventional culture medium (compost) production process begins with loading the compost, and then repeating the cutting and loading operations 6 to 7 times every 5 to 6 days. During this time, watering can be done, or conversely, preventing nutrients from being washed away by rainwater.
Temperature control work is also carried out, but the turning and loading work in particular requires a great deal of time and effort. It takes about 45 to 50 days after loading for compost to be completed. The completed compost is transported to the cultivation table rack and placed in the bed. Thereafter, post-fermentation is carried out by heating to 55-60'C for 1-2 days, followed by natural cooling for 5-6 days before inoculation.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

As described above, preparing a culture medium using conventional methods requires a great deal of effort and time, and there are many problems such as the need for a large space for cutting and loading.

In addition, the finished compost is not uniform because it is produced under natural conditions, and the fruiting bodies that are produced do not suffer from the disadvantages that the yield can vary greatly depending on the quality of the compost.
Not q.

[Means for solving problems]

The present inventors have conducted various studies in order to rationalize such irrational production of culture media, and as a result, have discovered the following new fact. That is, after inoculating and culturing "basidiomycetes other than basidiomycetes that occur through soil" (e.g., wood ear fungi, oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, perennial mushrooms, etc.) into an appropriate medium, and after mycelium spreads in the medium, or fruiting bodies After harvesting, it is heat treated and added to pine mushrooms,
They discovered that when inoculated and cultured with ``basidiomycetes that develop through soil'' such as Fukurotake, hyphae elongation becomes faster and the yield before fruiting becomes extremely high. "Basidiomycetes other than Basidiomycetes that occur through soil" refers to Basidiomycetes that occur on the branches, trunks, stumps, etc. of dead trees (e.g., wood ear fungi of the genus Auricularis, vitafolium of the genus Ahitake, and fungi of the genus Matsuaoji). The term refers to shiitake mushrooms, perennial fragments of the genus Mannentake, etc.), and refers to the so-called terminal fungi of the dead wood.

Before explaining about Moto Takamei, I will also describe the following fact that I discovered.

For example, if you inoculate and culture the wood ear fungus Yajiratake and use it as a medium with mycelia spread over it, then heat it and use it again as a medium for wood ear fungi or oyster mushrooms, the fungi will not take root, or even if they do take hold, the mycelia will not grow properly. , cannot be used as a culture medium. In addition, a medium in which basidiomycetes that occur through soil, such as pine mushrooms of the genus Haratake and snail mushrooms of the genus Fukurotake, is cultured is subjected to heat treatment, and the medium is again inoculated and cultured with pine mushrooms and basidiomycetes. Even if the fungal cells do not take root, they die, or even if they do, the hyphae elongate poorly and cannot be used as a culture medium.

However, after inoculating and culturing different generations of basidiomycetes that parasitize mushroom parasitic materials, such as wood ear fungi, oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, perennials, and maitake mushrooms, into an appropriate medium, and after mycelium spreads or after harvesting the fruiting bodies, When this is heat-treated and used as a medium to inoculate and culture, for example, Matsium mushroom fungus, which grows through soil, the mycelial elongation speed is fast and the yield of fruiting bodies is also extremely high. I discovered this.

In the method of the present invention, the heat treatment described above is carried out at a temperature that kills the mycelium of the basidiomycete.

There is a considerable difference in the elongation rate of hyphae between heat treatment and non-heat treatment. The killing temperature of mycelium in the medium is 5
At 0 to 60°C, it will die in about 2 to 3 hours, and at 100'C, it will die in a few minutes, so it is impossible to limit the heating temperature and time here.

Thus, the present inventors have discovered a very advantageous and rational method for culturing basidiomycetes that occur through soil. That is, the present inventor hereby provides the following manufacturing method.

(1) Basidiomycetes that occur through soil, which are characterized by inoculating and cultivating basidiomycetes other than basidiomycetes that occur through soil into a required medium, and heat-treating the medium after the mycelium spreads or after harvesting the fruiting bodies. A method for producing a culture medium for.

(2) A soil characterized by inoculating and cultivating basidiomycetes other than basidiomycetes that occur through soil into a required medium, and heat-treating the medium after the mycelium spreads or after adding a culture medium of progeny or more. A method for producing a culture medium for basidiomycetes produced by

Or swerving.

The procedure for producing a culture medium in the method of the present invention is illustrated below.

↓ Add or do not add [Function] When comparing the method of the present invention and the conventional method, the method of the present invention omits operations such as cutting and loading operations that are performed many times, as well as operations such as stocking and post-fermentation. This greatly simplifies the process in terms of time and labor costs. That is, the production time for the culture medium is significantly shortened to about 30 days, which is an advantage.

Moreover, the culture medium can be prepared under almost the same conditions, and fruiting bodies can be obtained on average.

In the conventional method, a large space was required for loading and turning operations, but the method of the present invention is a great improvement in this respect as well.

Furthermore, as is clear from the examples below, the medium obtained by the method of the present invention has a fast mycelium elongation rate and an extremely high yield, so it is particularly economically effective.

In the present invention, what is used as a medium for basidiomycetes other than basidiomycetes that are generated through soil is a medium based on bagasse, sawdust, straw, manure, etc., which are usually used for basidiomycetes. .

Further, the organic substances and inorganic salts as carbon sources and nitrogen sources are as shown below, and these are commonly used as culture media.

As carbon sources, starches and their processed products, starch meal,
Examples include molasses, ■, corn germ, and cornmeal.

Examples of nitrogen sources include rice bran, defatted soybeans, corn steep liquor, soybean meal, and oil cakes.

Inorganic salts include compounds such as nitrates, ammonium salts, urea, sulfates, K, Ca, l'tl, and Fe.

〔Example〕

Examples of the present invention will be described below.

Example ■ Medium-1: A mixture of bagasse and rice straw in equal amounts by weight of anhydrous solids was filtered at 60% (relative to anhydrous solids, the same ratio hereinafter) based on the crushability of sugar cane. Contains 30% cake residue and 10% rice bran, pH 6-6.5
After adjusting the moisture to 70%, it was sterilized with a cotton plug and 500 mI
The mixture was packed in an Erlenmeyer flask, sterilized at 125° C. for 1.5 hours, allowed to cool, and cultured by inoculating a loopful of Fungi fungi and Fungus oyster mushrooms cultured on a slant medium. Culture was performed in a 25°C incubator.

Medium-22 A medium formulated in exactly the same manner as above, only the pH was different from 7.2. This was packed into a 500D Erlenmeyer flask in the same manner as above, and after sterilization under the same conditions as above, a loopful of Matsushroom fungi and Fukurotake fungi cultured on a slant medium was inoculated. The bacteria were each cultured in a constant temperature machine at 30°C to 32°C.

Next, the above-mentioned medium-1 and medium-2 in which hyphae were infested were each taken out aseptically and pt+ was adjusted to the optimum pH for each fungus.
After reducing the moisture content to around 70%, it was poured into a 100 rill graduated cylinder of the same type sterilized with a cotton plug and 5cm tall.
After heating at 60°C for 2 hours, inoculating the mushrooms with wood ear mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, pine mushrooms, and owl mushrooms, and culturing them for 12 days under the optimal conditions for each culture, the culture medium surface of the cylinder was heated. The length of the hyphae extending further downward was measured. The test was conducted on three cylinders for each medium, and the average value was taken.

Table 1 shows the results of the hyphal elongation test.

As shown in Table 1, even if you inoculate and culture the wood ear fungi and Oyster mushroom fungi that do not occur through the soil, you will still be able to culture the fungi that occur through the soil, such as the fungus pine mushroom and the fungus Oyster mushroom. Even if the same bacteria are inoculated and cultured in the same culture medium again, the hyphae will not take root and will die, or even if they do take root, the hyphae will elongate slowly. However, when Matsushroom fungi and Fukuro fungi are inoculated and cultured in a medium in which wood ear mushrooms and Oyster mushroom fungi have been cultured, it is found that the fungi take hold well and the hyphae grow very well.

Song Huangwang 1 Contains 60% bagasse and rice straw mixed in equal amounts by weight of anhydrous solids, 30% cake made by pressing 1q of sugar cane juice, and 10% rice bran, p[16-6.5, After adjusting the moisture to 70%, put this in a polypropylene bag (10kg)
After loading, an inoculation port with a polyurethane stopper was attached and sterilized at 125°C for 1.5 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and appropriate mother inoculations of fungi such as wood ear fungus, oyster mushroom, maitake fungus, and monocytogenes fungus were inoculated, and cultured in a culture room at 25°C. The humidity was 40 to 60%, the illuminance was 50 lux or less, and the carbon dioxide concentration was ioooppm or less.

Next, after the mycelia have spread, they are removed from the bag, and 0.7% of urea, 0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.4% of lime superphosphate, and sulfuric acid are added to the solid weight of the medium before culturing. 1.4 potash
%, pH 7.2) After adjusting the moisture to 70%,
A basket measuring 26 cm in width and 24 cm in height was filled with 16 Ng of culture medium to a height of 20 cm, and a mycelial elongation test was conducted on the baskets that were heat-treated at 60° C. for 2 hours and those that were not heat-treated. Inoculation was carried out using a sagittarius to 2 to 3 g of the inoculation at 6 locations on the surface of the culture medium.

Culture pine mushroom fungus at 25 degrees Celsius, and cartilage fungus at 30 degrees centigrade.
Performed at ~32°C. The humidity, illuminance, and carbon dioxide concentration in the culture room were almost the same as those described above. In the test, the average number of days of mycelial infestation using 15 cages for each medium was displayed.

The results are shown in Table-2.

As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that by performing the heat treatment, the number of days for the spread of mycelium is shortened, that is, the mycelium is significantly elongated.

Example 2 Comparative tests were conducted regarding hyphal elongation and yield using culture media obtained by the method of the present invention and the conventional method.

The culture medium for the method of the present invention was prepared by the same method as in Example ①. A conventional culture medium (compost) was prepared by the following method. Furthermore, in preparing the culture medium, since the culture medium composition was different from that of the method of the present invention and could not be compared, the culture medium of the same composition was used.

First, mix equal amounts of bagasse and rice straw, and add 60%
Approximately 1 ton of culture medium is made with 30% cake and 10% rice bran, mixed with 0.7% urea and 1.4% potassium sulfate, and loaded into the yard, turned over 6 times every 5 to 6 days, and loaded. I did it. During this period, 0.3% ammonium sulfate was added at the fourth turning, and 0.4% lime superphosphate was added at the fifth turning.

After that, the completed compost is 60 x width 26 x height 2
16 kg was packed in a 4 cm basket to a height of 20 cm, heated at 60° C. for 2 days, then allowed to cool naturally for 6 days, and cultured in the same manner and under the same conditions as Example ①.

For the generation of fruiting bodies, in both the bed of the present invention method and the bed of the conventional method, after the mycelia were spread, soil prepared by mixing 10% peat moss with anhydrous solids in red soil and adjusting to pl + 7°2 was used to grow about 3 cm of soil. The beds were covered with soil to a thickness of 100 ℃, and cultured for 4 days under mycelium culture conditions. After that, the bed inoculated with Matsushroom fungus was transferred to a cultivation room at 15°C, and the bed mushroom fungus was transferred to a cultivation house at 30 to 32°C, and an outbreak test was conducted. Ta. Humidity is 80 in both cases
~90%, and water was sprinkled to the extent that the floor surface did not dry out. Illuminance is less than 200 lux, carbon dioxide concentration is 1000pp
m or less. In this test, 15 baskets were used for each medium, and the number of days for mycelial spread and the average yield were expressed. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

As shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the method of the present invention is extremely superior in both mycelial elongation and yield.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, it has been possible to economically achieve an extremely efficient culture medium.

Inventor: Yodo Tominaga, Yanosuke Taira

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) Basidiomycetes that occur through soil, which are characterized by inoculating and cultivating basidiomycetes other than basidiomycetes that occur through soil into a required medium, and heat-treating the medium after the mycelium spreads or after harvesting the fruiting bodies. A method for producing a culture medium for. (2) In the method for producing a culture medium according to claim 1, basidiomycetes other than basidiomycetes that occur through soil are inoculated and cultured into the required medium, and after the mycelia have spread or after the fruiting bodies have been harvested. , the medium is mixed with one or more culture media selected from culture media such as carbon sources, organic substances as nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, etc., and then the culture medium is heat-treated. A method for producing a culture medium for basidiomycetes. (3) In the method for producing a culture medium according to claim 2, the carbon source may include starches, processed products of starches, starch meal, molasses, corn germ, corn meal, etc. 1. A method for producing a culture medium, which comprises blending one or more selected from those used as a culture medium. (4) In the method for producing a culture medium according to claim 2, the nitrogen source organic matter is rice bran, defatted soybean, corn steep liquor, soybean meal, oil cake, etc. commonly used as a culture medium. 1. A method for producing a culture medium, which comprises blending one or more selected materials. (5) In the method for producing a culture medium according to claim 2, the inorganic salts generally include compounds such as ammonium salts, nitrates, sulfates, urea, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. 1. A method for producing a culture medium, which comprises blending one or more selected from those used as a culture medium.