JPS63229256A - Grinding method and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a proper flat surface by lowering an ascending and descending shaft and conducting grinding as a work is being closely connected onto a grindstone rotating horizontally through a housing movable freely along the spherical surface of a spherical body provided at the lower end of the ascending and descending shaft. CONSTITUTION:A spherical body 47 is provided at the lower end of an ascending and descending shaft 36, and a housing 49 movable freely along its spherical surface is put on and a pressurization device 22 of spherical universal joint structure is provided, and through this pressurization device 22 the ascending and descending shaft 36 is lowered, and grinding is conducted as a work W is made to connect closely and uniformly to the upper surface of a grindstone 5 rotating horizontally. On account of this, the work W is always profiled and closely connected to the upper surface of the grindstone 5, and a smooth grinding movement can be done. Accordingly, even if a very high working pressure, to say nothing of the case of a low pressurization working, is added, the chatter of the work W and an abnormal rotation do not occur, nor does an unbalanced wear, and a proper flat surface can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a polishing method and apparatus for polishing flat surfaces of metal parts, ceramic substrates, etc.

(Prior art) A method for polishing flat surfaces such as metal parts is to apply an appropriate pressure to the upper surface of a horizontally rotating polishing wheel via a presser plate attached to the lower end of a lifting shaft. There are two methods: a method in which a grinding wheel is attached to the lower end of the lifting shaft, the workpiece is positioned and placed on a table below the grinding wheel, and the workpiece is lowered while rotating the lifting shaft for polishing. be.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in these systems, high precision is required between the holding plate at the lower end of the lifting shaft and the lower polishing wheel, or between the polishing wheel at the lower end of the lifting shaft and the lower table. If the workpiece is not parallel, vibration will occur in the workpiece during polishing, uneven wear will occur, and not only will it be impossible to obtain a properly flat surface, but the roughness will also decrease, making it difficult to maintain stable dimensional accuracy. becomes. Furthermore, uneven wear occurs on the grinding wheel and the table, and correcting it is troublesome, time-consuming, and inefficient.These problems are caused by the high machining pressure between the two in order to increase the machining allowance and short-time machining. This is especially noticeable when given. In addition, for irregularly shaped workpieces that have some unevenness on the back surface opposite to the processing surface of the workpiece, an appropriate elastic buff may be inserted between this back surface and a holding plate or table to prevent the workpiece from being polished. However, there are problems such as the lack of reliability and the inability to use it particularly for high pressure work.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides a polishing method in which the workpiece is brought into pressure contact with the upper surface of the polishing wheel by a presser plate at the lower end of the lifting shaft, in which uniform processing pressure is always applied to the workpiece plane. This is aimed at a polishing method and a polishing device in which the workpiece is always closely polished following the flat surface of the polishing wheel. A housing that is movable along the grinding wheel is fitted, and the workpiece is polished by lowering the lifting shaft while uniformly bringing the workpiece into close contact with the upper surface of a horizontally rotating polishing wheel through the housing. A first invention provides a polishing method characterized in that a spherical body is provided at the lower end of a lifting shaft provided on a machine stand, and a polishing stone is provided below the lifting shaft so as to be horizontally rotatable, and the spherical body has a A second invention provides a polishing device characterized in that a housing that brings the workpiece into close contact with the upper surface of the polishing wheel is fitted so as to be movable along the spherical surface of the spherical body (embodiment). To explain the present invention in detail based on the illustrated device, (1) is a box-shaped machine base with an inclined top plate (2), and the machine base (1) has a support (3). is installed vertically, and as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the support (3)
Centered on the workpiece supply device (4) and grinding wheel (5)
and an unloading device (6) are respectively arranged, and both the feeding device (4) and the unloading device (6) are conveying devices in the form of a vibrating conveyor or a chute, and are located on the top plate (2). be. In addition, the polishing whetstone (51 is a rotating disk type such as a metal bonded whetstone, and as shown in Fig. 2, it is supported by a bearing (7) held on the top plate (2) so that it can rotate horizontally with the polishing surface facing upward. , the lower end of the vertical shaft (not shown) of the grinding wheel (5) is connected to a vertical drive shaft (9) supported in a gear box (8) connected below the bearing (7).
) is connected. This drive shaft (9) has ■Pulley Q
l is fixed, and ■Pulley α [phase] is attached to the V pulley (13) of the motor (12) attached to the side wall (1) of the machine base (1).
) and the V-belt (14), whereby the abrasive wheel (5) is connected to the gearbox (8) by the motor (12).
is rotated through. (15) is a swinging arm attached to the column (3), and its cylindrical base (16) is rotatably fitted and held on the column (3) by a bearing (not shown), and the base (16) The vertical plate-like arm part (
17) is configured to horizontally rotate around the support column (3) so as to be sequentially positioned above the supply device (4), the polishing wheel (5), and the carry-out device (6). As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, this rotation is caused by a sector gear (18) horizontally fixed to the upper end of the support column (3) at the base of the swing arm (15).
16) Base (19) protruding horizontally from the upper end
The pinion (2) of the drive shaft of the motor (20) attached to the
1) is carried out by a rotating mechanism formed by interlocking with each other. That is, by driving the motor (20)
When the binion (21) rotates, the pinion (21) is meshed with the sector gear (18) fixed to the support column (3), so it moves along the tooth profile of this sector gear (1B). Therefore, the swing arm (15) is attached to the base (1
9) horizontally rotates around the support (3) via the motor (20), and its arm (17) feeds the supply device (4);
It is sequentially placed on the polishing wheel (5) and the carrying-out device (6). In particular, as shown in FIG. 4, the control circuit of the motor (20) allows the motor (20) to rotate forward and backward by a predetermined number of rotations when the arm (17) is positioned on the abrasive wheel (5). By setting the arm part (17), the polishing wheel (
5) It is configured to perform a horizontal swinging motion on the top. (
22) is a pressurizing device that lifts and lowers a rotating device for the workpiece, which will be described later, in order to apply appropriate pressure to the workpiece to the polishing wheel (5). It is a provision. A vertical pressurizing hole (24) is formed in the casing (23) of this pressurizing device (22), and a lid (25) is fixed to the upper opening thereof. and,
An elevating body (26) having a ball screw portion formed in the center is inserted into the intermediate portion of the pressurizing hole (24) so as to be able to slide up and down, and the elevating body (26) is connected to the sliding portion of the elevating body (26). A rotation prevention mechanism (not shown) provided between the pressure hole (24) and the pressure hole (24) prevents rotation within the pressure hole (24). In addition, the pressurizing hole (2) defined by the elevating body (26)
A coil spring (27) for balancing the weight of the casing (23) containing the workpiece rotation device, the lid (25), the elevating body (26), etc. is housed in the upper part of 4), while the lower part A coil spring (28) for polishing is housed in the hoisting body (26) located in the middle of these springs.
), a vertical shaft (29) which is loosely fitted and inserted into the lid (25) is threadedly inserted into the ball screw part formed on the outer periphery of the vertical shaft (29). The upper side has a base (17) horizontally projecting from the arm (17).
The bearing (30) is held in the hole by the lid (31).
2) and is rotatably suspended from the base (30). That is, the casing (23) containing the rotation device, etc. is the elevating body (26) screwed onto the vertical shaft (29).
The base (30) is moved by the elastic force of the upper coil spring (27).
In other words, it is suspended from the swing arm (15). In addition, the arm portion (17) of the casing (23)
As shown in FIG. 3, a sliding engagement part (33) is protruded on the surface facing the arm part ( ).
A guide groove (34) corresponding to the sliding engagement part (33) is formed in the vertical direction on the surface of the casing (23), and the engagement between the two allows the casing (23) to move up and down along the arm part (17). It is possible to go up and down in both directions. The upper end of the vertical shaft (29) is connected to the drive shaft of a motor (35) attached to the base (30) via a joint (not shown).
By the forward and reverse rotation of step 5), the elevating body (26) moves up and down along the vertical axis (29), and when the elevating body (26) descends, the lower coil spring (28) is pressurized and compressed. When the force is transmitted to the casing (23), the casing (23) is guided by the guide groove (34) and lowered, and conversely, when the elevating body (26) rises, the compressive force applied to the coil spring (28) is increased. As the pressure decreases, the upper coil spring (27) is pressurized, and this is applied to the casing (2) through the lid (25).
3), and when the elastic force of the coil spring (27), the elastic force of the coil spring (28), and the weight of the casing (23) etc. are balanced, the casing (23) stops and the vertical axis (29) It is kept suspended. (36) is an elevating shaft that is held by the casing (23) on the side of the pressurizing device (22) and moves up and down together with the casing (23). (2
4) is supported by a pair of bearings (38) and (39) in a lifting hole (37). The upper end of the lifting shaft (36) is connected via a joint (42) to the drive shaft of a motor (41) attached to a bracket (40) protruding from the casing (23).
are rotatable, and (43) are the upper and lower lids, respectively. Further, at the lower end of the lifting shaft (36), a cylindrical peripheral wall (
A protector (44) formed with a spherical body (45) is fixed concentrically with bolts or the like, and a shaft (48) of a spherical body (47) is fitted and fixed into a center hole (46) of the protector (44). The lower end of the lifting shaft (36) has a spherical body (47
) has been set up. And this surrounding wall (
Inside 45), a hole (50) formed on the upper side has a spherical body (
A housing (49) is positioned along the spherical surface of the workpiece (47), and is fitted and held by rotating, tilting, etc., around the spherical surface of the housing (47), and on the lower side of the housing (49) there is a locking part (47) for positioning the workpiece. 51) is provided. That is, at the lower end of the elevating shaft (36), a workpiece holding mechanism is constructed with a spherical universal joint structure consisting of a spherical body (47) and a housing (49) movably fitted onto the spherical body (47). Therefore, the locking part (51)
The upper surface of the workpiece on the polishing wheel (5) is locked, and the lifting shaft (3) is moved together with the casing (23) by the pressurizing device (22).
6), the motor (41) rotates the rotation axis (3).
While rotating 9), the workpiece is evenly pressed through the housing (49) which is movably fitted into the spherical body (47), so that the workpiece is brought into close contact with the upper surface of the abrasive wheel (5). be done. In addition, a dustproof seal ring (
52) is fitted, and (53) is a gripping device for gripping the workpiece below the lifting shaft (36), which is held at the lower part of the casing (23), and the gripping device (53) is held at the bottom of the casing (23).
53) has a pair of gripping arms (55) that are opened and closed by a fluid cylinder (54). In addition, a coolant tank (56) is installed on the side of the machine stand (1), and the tank (56) is equipped with a pump (57) for circulating the coolant and an agitator (58) for stirring the coolant. The cooling liquid is sent to the polishing part through the pipe (59), and after being injected, it is returned to the tongue (56) from the inclined top plate (2). ) indicates the workpiece.

(Function) The device configured as described above first drives the motor (12) to rotate the drive shaft (9) via the pulley (13), the belt (14), and the V-pulley (10). The grinding wheel shaft is adjusted to a predetermined rotation speed of about 50 to 500 m/IB6 through the gear box (8) to rotate the grinding wheel (5), and the pump is driven to supply the cooling liquid from the pipe (59). While circulating the supply to the polishing section, the swinging arm (15
) on the feeding device (4).Next, the workpiece (W) is fed to a predetermined position by the feeding device f4+, and then the motor (35) of the pressurizing device (22) is started. The vertical shaft (29) is rotated to lower the elevating body (26). As a result, the lower coil spring (28) is pressurized and the casing (23) is lowered by its elastic force, and at the lower end, the fluid cylinder (54) of the gripping device (53) is activated to remove the workpiece. (The ladle is held between the gripping arms (55). Then, the motor (35) reversely rotates the vertical shaft (29) to raise the elevating body (26), and the coil spring (2
8) A gripping bag that grips the workpiece (-) by releasing the pressure? Ii (53) together with the casing (23
) returns to its original position. vt, the motor (20) is started, and the swinging arm (15) horizontally rotates around the support (3) through the meshing of the fan gear (18) and pinion (21), and grinds as shown in Fig. 4. The casing (23) is placed on the grinding wheel (5), where the motor (35) is started again and the casing (23) is lowered to a predetermined position in the same manner as described above. At the lower end, the fluid cylinder (51) operates in reverse and the gripping arm (
52) is opened and the workpiece (14) is released and placed on the grinding wheel (
5) Positioned upward. Then, when the motor (35) is further rotated slightly, the casing (23) and the lifting shaft (36) are slightly lowered via the vertical shaft (29), the lifting body (26), and the coil spring (28), and the lower end thereof Housing (49
) is brought into contact with the corresponding engagement part of the workpiece (H), and the workpiece (-) is pressed against the upper surface of the polishing wheel (5). In addition, in the embodiment, the locking part (51) is a stepped convex part, and the corresponding workpiece (the engaging part of the groove is
The hole has an opening into which the small convex portion can be inserted. At this time, the housing (49) is replaced by the spherical body (47).
) is movable with respect to the spherical surface of the locking part (5
Even if there is no parallelism between 1) and the retaining portion, the housing (49) can tilt, rotate, etc. around the spherical body (47) in accordance with the tilted state of the retainer. Due to the corrective action of the housing (49), the correct stopping condition of both is obtained, and the surface of the workpiece (-) is evenly brought into close contact with the upper surface of the grinding wheel (5), resulting in uniform machining. Pressure is applied to the workpiece (
W) will be given. At the same time, the motor (2
0) is rotated forward and backward at a predetermined number of rotations, and the swinging arm (15)
At the same time, the motor (41) is started and the lifting shaft (36) is rotated, and the workpiece (-) is moved to the abrasive wheel (5). It rotates while rocking on top, and is evenly polished. After the predetermined polishing time has elapsed in this way, the motor (35)
is rotated to lower the casing (23) and the lifting shaft (36) a predetermined distance in the same manner as described above, and the pressurizing force of the workpiece (-) against the grinding wheel (5) is further increased to perform high-pressure processing for a period of 0 or more. The swinging arm (15) continues its swinging motion. After a predetermined period of time has elapsed, the motor (35) is slightly reversely rotated to slightly raise the lifting shaft (36) together with the casing (23), and the workpiece ( -) and perform polishing work in this reduced pressure state. After repeating this reduced pressure processing and high pressure processing a predetermined number of times, the motor (41) is stopped, the lifting shaft (36) is stopped, and the fluid Cylinder (54)
is operated to grip the workpiece (-) with the gripping arm (52). Thereafter, the forward and reverse rotation of the motor (20) is stopped, the swinging of the swinging arm (15) is stopped, and the motor (35)
) to reversely rotate the vertical shaft (29) of the pressurizing device (22) and raise the casing (23), the polished workpiece (W) rises and leaves the polishing wheel (5). When the motor (20) is started to rotate in the opposite direction at the rising end, the pinion (21) rolls on the sector gear (18) in the opposite direction to the above, and the swing arm (15) moves in the opposite direction to the support. The workpiece (-) is rotated horizontally around (3) onto the carry-out device (6), where the motor (20) is stopped to stop the swing arm (15). At this position, the motor (35) is rotated, the gripping device (53) is lowered together with the casing (23), and the workpiece (edge) is transferred to the unloading device (
6) Position up and reverse actuate the fluid cylinder (54) to release the workpiece (-). The workpiece is now sent to a predetermined location by the operation of the delivery device (6). After that, the motor (35) is rotated in the opposite direction to remove the casing (23).
) is raised, and after being raised, the motor (20) is rotated to return the swinging arm (15) onto the feeding device (4), and during this time, the workpiece (-) left on the unloading device (6) is removed. is sent to a predetermined location. After that, the above operation is repeated,
The polishing process continues on the workpieces that are sequentially sent onto the supply bag W (4). Note that in this embodiment, the polishing device is an automatic machine with a swing arm. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to other general types of polishing devices.

(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the present invention provides a holding mechanism with a spherical universal joint structure consisting of a spherical body and a housing movably fitted to the spherical body at the lower end of the lifting shaft, and the holding mechanism Since the workpiece is pressed onto the top surface of the grinding wheel via the Even when extremely high machining pressure is applied, the workpiece does not vibrate or abnormally rotate, and the workpiece does not suffer from uneven wear, resulting in a properly flat surface.

In addition, it is possible to apply uniform processing pressure to the contact surface between the workpiece and the polishing wheel, increasing the polishing force and increasing the polishing amount per unit time, thereby significantly shortening the processing time. Furthermore, when the workpiece is subjected to rotational or oscillating motion along with the rotation of the abrasive wheel, the workpiece is pressed through a holding mechanism with a spherical universal joint structure that can easily follow these movements. The flatness and roughness of the finished surface are greatly improved, and there is no uneven wear of the polishing wheel, resulting in uniform wear and less wear. In addition, the rotation of the lifting shaft is normally applied to the workpiece as a rotational force due to resistance when it is pressed against the holding mechanism with a spherical universal joint structure, and the workpiece in a free state rotates smoothly due to this and the rotation of the grinding wheel. However, when the workpiece rotates or oscillates, abnormal contact resistance may occur between the workpiece and the surface of the polishing wheel, depending on the shape of the workpiece. However, since the workpiece is allowed to rotate freely in any direction, the workpiece also rotates in synchronization with the rotation of the abrasive wheel, absorbing abnormal rotational force and preventing the workpiece from rotating smoothly. Polished to enable high-precision polishing. Furthermore, it is now possible to perform high-pressure polishing on irregularly shaped workpieces, which were conventionally considered difficult to process, without using an elastic butt, and the range of applications is wide. Since the pressure is applied to the abrasive wheel, the contact between the two becomes uniform, and even if the size of the abrasive wheel is relatively small, the polishing effect can be achieved.Furthermore, since the grinding wheel can be effectively used up to the last wear of the wheel, diamond abrasive grains and CBN When using a grinding wheel that has a high initial cost, such as abrasive grains, the initial cost can be kept low and the running cost can also be reduced.

Furthermore, since the workpiece is pressed against the upper surface of the grinding wheel by the above-mentioned holding mechanism, as long as sufficient rigidity and rotational accuracy are obtained on the grinding wheel side, the vertical or parallel accuracy and rotational accuracy of the lifting shaft side with the grinding wheel can be improved. There is no problem even if it is of relatively low grade, so the device can be manufactured at low cost.

Therefore, the present invention greatly contributes to the development of the industry by solving the problems of conventional polishing methods and devices.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawing shows an example of the device used in the present invention.
The figure is a partially cutaway front view of the main part, Figure 2 is a partially cutaway front view of the entire device, Figure 3 is a plan view, and Figure 4 is a part of the workpiece placed on the grinding wheel. FIG. (1): Machine stand, (5): Grinding wheel, (36) i-elevating shaft, (47): Spherical body, (49): Housing. Patent applicant: Shinto Brator Co., Ltd. Representative: Akira Shima Buma
Watanuki Tatsu interlayer
Fumi Yamamoto N2 Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A spherical body is provided at the lower end of the lifting shaft, a housing that is movable along the spherical surface is fitted onto the spherical body, and the workpiece is rotated horizontally through the housing. A polishing method characterized in that the workpiece is polished by lowering an elevating shaft while bringing the workpiece evenly into close contact with the upper surface of a grindstone. 2. A spherical body (47) is provided at the lower end of the elevating shaft (36) provided on the machine base (1), and a grinding wheel (5) is horizontally rotatably provided below the elevating shaft (36). Body (47
) is fitted with a housing (49) movable along the spherical surface of the spherical body (47) for bringing the workpiece into close contact with the upper surface of the polishing wheel (5).