JPS6316556A - Manufacture of non-sintered type electrode - Google Patents
Manufacture of non-sintered type electrodeInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6316556A JPS6316556A JP61159002A JP15900286A JPS6316556A JP S6316556 A JPS6316556 A JP S6316556A JP 61159002 A JP61159002 A JP 61159002A JP 15900286 A JP15900286 A JP 15900286A JP S6316556 A JPS6316556 A JP S6316556A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- tank
- salt
- nickel hydroxide
- value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical group [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、アルカリ蓄電池用ニッケル正極に適用しうる
、非焼結式ニッケル正極の製造法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method for producing a non-sintered nickel positive electrode that can be applied to a nickel positive electrode for alkaline storage batteries.
従来の技術
従来、この踵のアルカリ電池用ニッケル正極に使用する
非焼結式ニッケル正極、つまり水酸化ニッケル粉末を活
物質として直接使用する正極にはニッケル塩水溶液に化
学量論的に過剰で一定量のか性アルカリを加え、水酸化
ニッケルとして沈澱析出させて製造する方法、すなわち
、水酸化ニッケルをバッチ式で製造している。また、電
池用活物質として特性の優れたものにするため、結晶を
ある程度成長、安定化する目的で一定時間熟成する必要
があった。これらの理由により、この方法では、製造工
程が連続化することが困難で、製造コストが高くなる欠
点を有している。Conventional technology Conventionally, non-sintered nickel positive electrodes used in nickel positive electrodes for alkaline batteries, that is, positive electrodes that directly use nickel hydroxide powder as the active material, have a constant stoichiometric excess in an aqueous nickel salt solution. Nickel hydroxide is produced by adding a certain amount of caustic alkali to precipitate it as nickel hydroxide, that is, producing nickel hydroxide in a batch process. In addition, in order to make it a battery active material with excellent characteristics, it was necessary to ripen it for a certain period of time in order to grow and stabilize crystals to some extent. For these reasons, this method has the disadvantage that it is difficult to make the manufacturing process continuous and the manufacturing cost is high.
発明が解決しようとする問題点
このような従来の製法では、水酸化ニッケル粉末を連続
的に製造することが困難で、水酸化ニッケル粉末が高価
になるという問題があった。Problems to be Solved by the Invention In such conventional production methods, it is difficult to continuously produce nickel hydroxide powder, and the nickel hydroxide powder becomes expensive.
本発明は水溶性のニッケル塩の転化と結晶を成長させる
熟成の2段階を同一槽で連続的に行ない、低コストの水
酸化ニッケル粉末を製造することを目的とするものであ
る。The object of the present invention is to produce low-cost nickel hydroxide powder by continuously carrying out the two stages of conversion of a water-soluble nickel salt and ripening to grow crystals in the same tank.
問題点を解決するための手段
この問題点を解決するために本発明は、非焼結式ニッケ
ル極に使用される水酸化ニッケル粉末の製法をつぎに示
す方法で製造するものである。すなわち、ニッケル塩の
水溶液とか性アルカリ水溶液を同一槽に導入して十分攪
拌し、水酸化ニッケルに転化して槽の上部より、オーバ
フローさせて取り出す工程を採用し、この工程において
、供給塩濃度、槽内温度、供給塩流量または槽内へ滞溜
する時間及び槽内のPHを制御して、水酸化ニッケルを
製造するものである。Means for Solving the Problem In order to solve this problem, the present invention produces a nickel hydroxide powder used in a non-sintered nickel electrode by the following method. That is, a process is adopted in which a nickel salt aqueous solution and a caustic alkali aqueous solution are introduced into the same tank, thoroughly stirred, and converted into nickel hydroxide, which is then taken out from the top of the tank by overflowing. In this process, the concentration of the supplied salt, Nickel hydroxide is produced by controlling the temperature inside the tank, the flow rate of the supplied salt, the residence time in the tank, and the pH inside the tank.
作 用
この構成によれば、上記の供給塩の濃度、供給塩流量、
析出槽の温度はPH値に大きな影響を与えるものであり
、たとえば供給基量を一定流量にして供給塩濃度を増大
させることにより、同一槽内のニッケル量は増大し、か
性アルカリ、転化した水酸化ニッケルも増大することに
なり、PH値も当然変化する。したがって、一つの条件
を変化させる場合は、他の条件は固定して水酸化ニッケ
ルを製造することにより、均一な特性を有する活物質粉
末が得られることがわかった。According to this configuration, the concentration of the above-mentioned supply salt, the supply salt flow rate,
The temperature of the precipitation tank has a great effect on the pH value. For example, by increasing the supply base amount at a constant flow rate and increasing the feed salt concentration, the amount of nickel in the same tank will increase, causing caustic alkali and conversion. Nickel hydroxide also increases, and the pH value naturally changes. Therefore, it has been found that when one condition is changed, by manufacturing nickel hydroxide while keeping the other conditions fixed, an active material powder having uniform characteristics can be obtained.
実施例
水酸化ニッケルを製造する析出槽としては、1oOlの
タンクを用いて、ニッケル塩、か性アルカリ水溶液とし
て、各々18oy/l のニッケル金属を溶解した硝酸
ニッケルと、20重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用
いた。このタンク内へニッケル塩溶液を1.5//hr
の一定流量で導入し、槽内温度を40℃一定に保ち、十
分攪拌しながら、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を一定範囲内
のPH値を保持するために間欠的に添加した。この一定
範囲のPH値として、10.3〜10.4.10.4−
10.6゜10.5〜10.6 、10.6〜10.7
、10.7〜10.8の6段階に変化させて得られた
水酸化ニッケルA〜Eを作り、水洗、乾燥し粉末とした
。Example A 10Ol tank was used as a precipitation tank for producing nickel hydroxide, and nickel nitrate with 18 oy/l of nickel metal dissolved in each as a nickel salt and caustic alkali aqueous solution, and 20% by weight of sodium hydroxide were prepared. An aqueous solution was used. Add nickel salt solution into this tank for 1.5//hour
was introduced at a constant flow rate, the temperature inside the tank was kept constant at 40°C, and while stirring sufficiently, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added intermittently to maintain the pH value within a certain range. As the PH value in this certain range, 10.3 to 10.4.10.4-
10.6°10.5~10.6, 10.6~10.7
, 10.7 to 10.8 to prepare nickel hydroxides A to E, which were washed with water and dried to form powders.
このA、Eの粉末を用いて、それぞれ水酸化ニッケル1
0oyに対して、金属コバルトBP混合し、水を加えて
ペースト状にし、発泡状ニッケル多孔体(多孔度95%
)に充てんし、乾燥後一定条件で加圧プラスを行ない、
非焼結式ニッケル正極を得た。この正極を用い、負極と
して公知のカドミウム負極と組みあわせ、公称容量70
0 mAhのAAサイズの密閉形ニッケルカドミウム蓄
電池を構成した。Using these powders A and E, 1 nickel hydroxide was added to each powder.
0oy, mix metal cobalt BP, add water to make a paste, and form a foamed nickel porous body (porosity 95%).
), and after drying, pressurize plus under certain conditions,
A non-sintered nickel positive electrode was obtained. Using this positive electrode and combining it with a known cadmium negative electrode as a negative electrode, the nominal capacity was 70.
A sealed nickel-cadmium storage battery of 0 mAh AA size was constructed.
この電池を20’Cの一定温度で0.10で20時間充
電し、0.20で放電を繰りかえし、2サイクル目の放
電容量(終止電圧を1vにした場合)で電池特性を評価
した。これらの結果を第1表に示す。This battery was charged at a constant temperature of 20'C for 20 hours at a temperature of 0.10, discharged repeatedly at a temperature of 0.20, and the battery characteristics were evaluated based on the discharge capacity of the second cycle (when the final voltage was set to 1 V). These results are shown in Table 1.
以下余白
この表において、析出PH値は、たとえばAの場合であ
れば、下限値が10.3であり、上限値が10.4の範
囲で変化している。実際にはPH値が10.33になる
と水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液が添加され、PH値が10
.37になれば水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の供給ポンプが
停止するように設計されている。また、粉末の充てん密
度の測定は水酸化ニッケル粉末を十分乾燥後、一定高さ
より落下させる工程を決められた回数だけ繰りかえした
時の粉末の密度を示したもので、電極にした場合の同一
体積中に充てんされる水酸化ニッケル量に関連してくる
。したがって、高容量の電池を作るには充てん密度の大
きい粉末が望ましい。Margin below In this table, the precipitation PH value varies within the range of, for example, A, the lower limit is 10.3 and the upper limit is 10.4. In reality, when the pH value reaches 10.33, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is added, and the pH value reaches 10.33.
.. 37, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution supply pump is designed to stop. In addition, the measurement of the powder packing density indicates the density of the powder when the process of dropping the nickel hydroxide powder from a certain height after drying it enough is repeated a predetermined number of times, and the same volume when used as an electrode. It is related to the amount of nickel hydroxide filled inside. Therefore, powders with a high packing density are desirable for producing high-capacity batteries.
活物質の利用率については、PH値の大きい範囲で析出
させた水酸化ニッケルが良かった。この粉末においては
、粉末の粒子が小さくなり、比表面積の大きな粉末が形
成されたことに起因する。Regarding the utilization rate of the active material, nickel hydroxide precipitated in a large pH value range was good. This is due to the fact that in this powder, the particles of the powder become smaller and a powder with a larger specific surface area is formed.
しかし、電極として充てんした場合、充てん密度が低く
なり、容量密度としては低下した。However, when it was filled as an electrode, the filling density became low and the capacity density decreased.
実施例においてはニッケル塩濃度、ニッケル塩流量(析
出槽内に滞溜している時間)、析出温度を固定して、P
H値を変化させて得られた粉末について比較したが、前
記3条件が異なることにより、最適PH値が異なってく
る。したがって、PH値だけで本発明を規正することは
困雅で、4項目を関連づけて決定することが必要である
。また、使用するニッケル塩の種類を変更しても、上記
4項目を限定することにより最適範囲が存在することが
確認でき、この方法は水溶性のニッケル塩たとえば、硫
酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケルでも適用できることがわかっ
た。In the example, the nickel salt concentration, the nickel salt flow rate (the time the nickel salt stays in the precipitation tank), and the precipitation temperature are fixed, and the P
Powders obtained by varying the H value were compared, but the optimum pH value differs due to the three conditions being different. Therefore, it is difficult to regulate the present invention based only on the PH value, and it is necessary to make decisions by relating the four items. Furthermore, even if the type of nickel salt used is changed, it was confirmed that an optimal range exists by limiting the above four items, and this method can also be applied to water-soluble nickel salts such as nickel sulfate and nickel chloride. I understand.
さらに、実施例においては発泡状ニッケル多孔体へ、充
てんして電極を構成する例を示したが、金属基板として
、ニッケルのネット、エキスバンドメタルの両面に塗着
する方法により得られたニッケル正極および多数の細孔
を有する金属ケース内へ充てんして得られるポケット式
ニッケル正極においても本発明は有効な手段であった。Furthermore, in the example, an example was shown in which an electrode was constructed by filling a foamed nickel porous material, but as a metal substrate, a nickel positive electrode obtained by coating both sides of a nickel net or expanded metal was used. The present invention was also an effective means for a pocket type nickel positive electrode obtained by filling a metal case with a large number of pores.
発明の効果
以上のように本発明によれば、非焼結式ニッケル正極の
活物質の製法として、製法が簡素化され、低コストの活
物質粉末が可能になる。さらに、この製法において、析
出条件を一定範囲に固定することにより、活物質の充て
ん密度、活物質の利用率から得られる容量密度の大きな
電極が得られ、従来のバッチ式で得られた水酸化ニッケ
ルに比べて、電池特性も劣ることはなかった。したがっ
て本発明は非焼結式ニッケル極の活物質製法として、安
価で高性能の水酸化ニッケルを提供するもので、その工
業的価値はきわめて大きい。Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the manufacturing method for the active material of a non-sintered nickel positive electrode is simplified, and low-cost active material powder can be produced. Furthermore, in this manufacturing method, by fixing the deposition conditions within a certain range, an electrode with a large capacity density obtained from the packing density of the active material and the utilization rate of the active material can be obtained, and the hydroxide Compared to nickel, the battery characteristics were not inferior. Therefore, the present invention provides an inexpensive and high-performance nickel hydroxide as a method for producing an active material for a non-sintered nickel electrode, and its industrial value is extremely large.
Claims (2)
燥状態もしくはペースト状態で金属基板または支持体内
部に充てんしたニッケル正極であって、使用する水酸化
ニッケル粉末はニッケル塩の水溶液とか性アルカリ水溶
液を同一槽内に導入して十分攪拌し、連続的に水酸化ニ
ッケルを取り出す工程において、供給塩濃度と供給塩流
量、槽内温度及び槽内PHを制御して得られた水酸化ニ
ッケルであることを特徴とする非焼結式電極の製造法。(1) A nickel positive electrode in which a powder mixture mainly composed of nickel hydroxide powder is filled in a metal substrate or support in a dry or paste state, and the nickel hydroxide powder used is an aqueous solution of nickel salt or an alkaline aqueous solution. This is nickel hydroxide obtained by controlling the supply salt concentration, supply salt flow rate, tank temperature, and tank pH in the process of introducing nickel hydroxide into the same tank, thoroughly stirring it, and continuously taking out nickel hydroxide. A method for manufacturing a non-sintered electrode characterized by:
ル水溶液の濃度、供給量、槽内温度が一定の時、PH値
が10.4〜10.7の範囲内に制御して得られた水酸
化ニッケルである特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の非焼結
式電極の製造法。(2) Water obtained by controlling the pH value within the range of 10.4 to 10.7 when the nickel salt is nickel nitrate and the concentration, supply amount, and tank temperature of the nickel nitrate aqueous solution are constant. A method for manufacturing a non-sintered electrode according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is nickel oxide.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61159002A JPH0773052B2 (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1986-07-07 | Non-sintered electrode manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61159002A JPH0773052B2 (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1986-07-07 | Non-sintered electrode manufacturing method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6316556A true JPS6316556A (en) | 1988-01-23 |
JPH0773052B2 JPH0773052B2 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
Family
ID=15684083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP61159002A Expired - Lifetime JPH0773052B2 (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1986-07-07 | Non-sintered electrode manufacturing method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0773052B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01187768A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-07-27 | Yuasa Battery Co Ltd | Nickel electrode for alkali battery |
JPH01260762A (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-10-18 | Yuasa Battery Co Ltd | Nickel electrode for alkaline battery and battery using same |
JPH026340A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-01-10 | Kansai Shokubai Kagaku Kk | Production of nickel hydroxide |
EP0649818A1 (en) | 1993-10-20 | 1995-04-26 | Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. | Method for the preparation of nickel hydroxide particles |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS543836A (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-01-12 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Dryyspray process |
-
1986
- 1986-07-07 JP JP61159002A patent/JPH0773052B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS543836A (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-01-12 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Dryyspray process |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01187768A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-07-27 | Yuasa Battery Co Ltd | Nickel electrode for alkali battery |
JPH0568068B2 (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1993-09-28 | Yuasa Battery Co Ltd | |
JPH01260762A (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-10-18 | Yuasa Battery Co Ltd | Nickel electrode for alkaline battery and battery using same |
JPH0724218B2 (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1995-03-15 | 株式会社ユアサコーポレーション | Nickel electrode for alkaline battery and battery using the same |
JPH026340A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-01-10 | Kansai Shokubai Kagaku Kk | Production of nickel hydroxide |
JPH0468249B2 (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1992-10-30 | Kansai Shokubai Kagaku Kk | |
EP0649818A1 (en) | 1993-10-20 | 1995-04-26 | Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. | Method for the preparation of nickel hydroxide particles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0773052B2 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
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