JPS6250592B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(1) Industrial application field This invention is a long fabric that integrates and carries out multiple processing steps such as preheating, jet dyeing, cooling, and water washing for fabrics to be dyed, especially thick pile fabrics such as carpets and moquettes. This relates to a continuous fabric dyeing device. (2) Conventional technology The dyeing method for long fabrics, that is, the anti-dyeing method, includes the wince dyeing method, which is a batch dyeing method, and
There is a so-called continuous dyeing method, and the technology related to the continuous dyeing method was developed as an alternative to the wince dyeing method, and its productivity is remarkable. Conventional continuous dyeing techniques are described, for example, in "Fiber Handbook (Processing Edition)" edited by the Institute of Fiber Science and Technology, Maruzen Co., Ltd., May 1970.
As described in pages 956 to 960, published on March 30, dye solution application, drying, chemical solution application, steaming treatment, air ring, reduction treatment, dry heat treatment, post-treatment such as oxidation soaping, washing with water, drying, etc. It is a method in which independent unit machinery and equipment are simply connected and used,
This is simply still being followed today.
On the other hand, regarding the method or device for applying dye liquid, etc.,
There are methods that use a patcher (Stalwald method), methods that use an applicator (Keuster method, Friesner method).
No. 56-47303, JP-A-55-152855, No. 56
As described in publications such as No.-364 and No. 56-140158, it is also well known that there is a technique called jet dyeing, in which heated dye liquid is sprayed onto preheated fabric using a jet nozzle. . Also, Tokko Akira
A widely known method, as in No. 52-25469, is to dry the fabric by introducing it into an HT steamer maintained at a reaction temperature immediately after the dyeing is sprayed. (3) Problems to be Solved by the Invention It goes without saying that in the conventional apparatus that performs continuous dyeing by simply connecting independent unit mechanical equipment, there is an extremely large amount of heat wasted in each piece of equipment. When considering resource conservation, it is also very important to reduce the bath ratio during dyeing, that is, to suppress the amount of dye solution supplied to the fabric to the minimum necessary.This indirectly reduces thermal energy consumption. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost.
Therefore, as a concrete method to achieve a low bath ratio, for example, squeezing the dough with a mangle,
Various methods are known, such as roll coating, but with all of these methods, the wider and thicker the fabric, the more difficult it is to squeeze it evenly or dye it evenly. , cannot be said to be a satisfactory method. In recent years, research on foam processing has been progressing, but it has not yet reached the stage of practical application in the dyeing field because it is difficult to adjust air pressure and other parameters. Alternatively, the spray method using an injection nozzle can be said to be an effective method as it is relatively easy to adjust the dye liquid pressure.
No. 4155, No. 54-4434, No. 56-47303, etc., spraying onto objects on a flat conveyor; No. 56-364, No. 56-
When spraying onto a concavely curved surface of a dyed object as shown in each publication of No. 140158, even in a humid and hot atmosphere, the wider and thicker the dyed object, the more likely it will cause resting (middle rare), Phenomena such as frosting (marbling, white wool) and ending occur easily, and there are also differences in color between lots that are common to conventional techniques, difficulty in dyeing fine gauge fabrics, and poor contrast when dyeing fabrics differently. There are an extremely large number of problems that need to be solved, considering related problems as well as indirect problems such as shortening dyeing time and saving resources such as dyes, auxiliary agents, and water. It is already well known that treating polyamide fabrics with copper salts improves their light fastness, but if fabrics are dyed using conventional methods and then treated with copper salts, the fabrics become contaminated with the green color characteristic of copper salts. Therefore, methods have been adopted in which copper salts are included in the dyeing solution and the copper is bonded at the same time as dyeing. There is a possibility that it will come. Furthermore, even if post-treatment methods are adopted for dyed fabrics, such as using hindered phenol-based or other antioxidants to improve heat resistance, or ultraviolet absorbers to improve light resistance, these Since these chemicals usually have a low affinity for polyamide fibers, they are used at high concentrations (for example, 30
The desired effect cannot be obtained unless a large amount of liquid is applied to the fabric, using ~40g/ml of liquid. Especially in continuous processing, this is done using sprays, etc. after dyeing, washing, and dehydration. Therefore, it is undesirable because it causes considerable loss in the subsequent drying process of the dough. When continuously dyeing wool-based fabrics, compared to wince dyeing, the pick-up amount of the dye solution is smaller and the steaming as a heat treatment must be shortened. Although it has the advantage that the felting phenomenon that often occurs due to the intertwining of the scale layer on the surface is less likely to occur, shortening the heat treatment time also reduces the color fastness, especially the fastness to rub and the fastness to washing, resulting in a dark color. This tendency becomes stronger as the color increases, and even if it is a light color, it cannot be said to be good. In such cases, there is a technical report that states that it is sufficient to use about 300 g of urea, but even after further trials, almost no deep dyeing effect was observed, and it is actually difficult to dissolve 300 g of urea. Therefore, if the scale layer on the surface of wool fibers is removed in order to eliminate these defects, the dyeing problem will be solved, but all the texture and other properties unique to wool fibers will be lost. That treatment is also not at all desirable. Polyester fiber has excellent light resistance and heat resistance, so it is desired to be used in various materials, but it is not easy to dye thick fabrics in particular, and conventional batch-type high-pressure dyeing methods have not been used before. Continuous dyeing of thick materials is not practiced. First, in the high-pressure continuous dyeing method, the biggest difficulty is how to seal the entrance and exit of the equipment for thick fabrics. In addition, as in the invention disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-25469, as the temperature of a room-temperature dye solution rises in a high-temperature steamer, water in the dye solution evaporates and the fabric fabric gradually dries. During this process, migration of the disperse dye cannot be prevented. Disperse dyes are generally highly sensitive to heat, and not only is the superheated steam distribution uneven in a high-temperature steamer, but it is also difficult to maintain a uniform temperature in each part of a thick fabric, and migration problems are a problem. Prevention is difficult, so treatment with high-pressure steamers requires sizing agents. (4) Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has a dry heat section that raises the temperature to the dyeing reaction temperature while transporting the long fabric under normal pressure, and A moist heat section to ensure the dyeing reaction is integrated, a pile splitting roller installed in the width direction of the fabric to bend the fabric in the length direction and split the pile, and this pile splitting roller. A plurality of fan-shaped spray nozzles that form a fan-shaped film-like spray pattern in each of a set of spray guns that face each other and extend parallel to the width direction of the fabric are used to form a fan-shaped liquid sprayed from adjacent spray guns. The membranes are arranged on the same line at the required intervals so that they are connected to each other and form a straight line on the fabric surface of the pile-divided part, and the dye liquid membrane sprayed from one series of spray guns and the other A spray gun group whose angle can be regulated so that the dye liquid film sprayed in the same way from the series intersects on the same line on the fabric surface.
The present invention provides a continuous dyeing apparatus for long fabrics, characterized in that one or more sets are provided in the dry heat section, the wet heat section, or both sections. The details are described below. First, the dry heating part of the present invention, which raises the temperature to the dyeing reaction temperature while transporting the long fabric, is not particularly limited in shape, heating method, or fabric transfer form, but the installation area and use In consideration of saving space and heat, it is preferable to transport the fabric upward and blow heated air that has passed through an internal heater onto both the front and back sides of the fabric. Next, the moist heat part of this invention is to heat the fabric and the dye solution after spraying the dye solution by heating with water vapor,
Furthermore, since the main purpose is to ensure that the interaction with the chemical liquid that is sprayed as necessary progresses and fixes, the temperature may vary depending on the type of fabric, dye liquid, chemical liquid, etc.
It is necessary to adjust the humidity appropriately, and naturally the steam is either saturated or superheated.
This moist heat section is separated from the dry heat section by a partition wall having a gap sufficient for the movement of the fabric. The pile splitting roller comes into contact with the fabric from the back side, bends the fabric in the length direction, and splits (opens) the pile on the fabric surface in the width direction. Multiple fan-shaped dye liquid films that connect the dye liquid in a straight line to the linear pile dividing part formed on the fabric (spread like a fan in the width direction of the fabric, and thin liquid in the length direction) A set of two spray guns or a set of spray guns including an auxiliary spray gun group is applied to the dry heat section, the moist heat section, or both sections,
Since one or more sets are provided, the long fabric is folded at least once along the length of the fabric being transported, so the moist heat section needs to have a shape and volume that can sufficiently surround the folded fabric. It goes without saying that you should. A saturated steam or superheated steam generator and a heating device are directly connected or built into such a moist heat section, but it is desirable to have them built in from the standpoint of energy conservation. (5) Effect The device of the present invention has a dry heat section and a wet heat section under normal pressure that are integrated and exhibit their respective characteristics, and the dry heat section is optimal for dyeing reactions. Raise the temperature of the dough to a certain temperature. The hot air injection method is most preferable in order to uniformly and quickly raise the temperature of each part of a thick, long-pile fabric such as a carpet, but the hot air jet method is the most preferable method to heat each part of a thick, long-pile fabric, such as carpet, in a heated atmosphere. If they come into contact with each other, the dyeing reaction will start immediately without causing a temperature drop, the chemical bonding reaction between the dye and the fiber will proceed effectively, and the reaction rate will be high, so the reaction will be completed in a short time. If the heated dye liquor has insufficient heat, it is possible to replenish the insufficient heat in the next moist heat section. Depending on the material of the fabric, the type of dye solution, etc., it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the dry heat section, the humidity and temperature of the wet heat section, as well as the fabric transfer speed. Although the dye liquid supply method of the present invention is based on jetting, a plurality of dye liquids are sprayed onto the fabric surface of the pile split portion formed in the width direction of the fabric by a pile splitting roller, which is unprecedented in the prior art. A set of spray guns (injection nozzles)
Since the dye solution is sprayed at different angles from the spray guns of mutually connected groups, it is possible to easily reach the dye solution from the top of the pile to the deep root of the pile without using a large amount of dye solution. It is also possible to spray various chemical solutions other than those described above. Therefore,
By providing one or more such spray gun groups in the dry heat section, wet heat section, or both, it is possible to arbitrarily change the dyeing processing conditions by appropriately using two or more dye solutions or other chemical solutions. It is possible to do so. It goes without saying that if the number of spray nozzles used in a set of multiple spray guns can be adjusted, the dyeing width can be arbitrarily changed according to the width of the fabric. . Furthermore, when the moist heat section is not required, if this section is used as an annealing space, it can be very effectively used for recrystallization of the fiber polymer after heat treatment of the fabric. (6) Examples Example 1 In FIG. 1, a long fabric 1 enters a dry heating section 3 while being guided by appropriately placed support rollers 2. The preheating section 3 uses air heated by an internal heater 4 to adjust the airflow with a hot air circulation fan 5 while heating the dough 1.
The entire surface of the dye is heated and the temperature is raised to the dyeing reaction temperature. At this time, there is a high risk of rapidly changing the fiber structure of the fabric 1 or damaging the texture at high temperatures that cause oxidation reactions, so rapid heating or localized heating must be avoided as much as possible. It is also necessary to consider using an inert gas such as nitrogen gas instead of air. Incidentally, since the internal pressure of the apparatus of the present invention is normal pressure, no special consideration is required for pressure resistance at the entrance/exit of the fabric 1 in the dry heat section 3.
Fabric 1 heated to dyeing reaction temperature in dry heat section 3
is folded in the length direction by pile splitting rollers 6 provided in the width direction of the fabric 1. At this time, it goes without saying that the larger the bending angle is, the better the effect of the pile splitting is, and in practical terms, it is preferably about 60 to 135 degrees (internal angle of 120 to 45 degrees).
If the pile splitting roller 6 is set horizontally or in a state close to that, so that the folded fabric 1 is transferred in a horizontal or nearly horizontal state, side shifting of the fabric 1 and one-sided flow of the sprayed dye solution can be avoided. It is preferable that it is less. In this way, the pile 1' of the fabric 1 divided into piles by the pile dividing roller 6 has an open tip and a crack as shown in FIG. Dye liquid is sprayed from a group of spray guns. Spray guns A ₁ , A ₂ , _{A 8} , . . . and B 1 , B ₂ , B ₃ , . . . constitute spray gun groups A and B.
...... is a fan-shaped spray nozzle made of a material with excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance, and as shown in Figures 4 and 5, it is used to prevent the occurrence of spots or streaks in the dye solution. Then, dye liquid coating films a and b, which are connected in a straight line and are sprayed from each series, overlap each other. The angle formed by the dye liquid coating films a and b and the distance from the fabric 1 can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of fabric 1 (type of fiber, pile length, thickness, etc.). In addition, in order to keep the dye liquid coating films a and b constant at all times, a high pressure liquid pressure reducing valve and a back pressure valve are installed at both ends of the pipe header to keep the dye liquid discharge pressure constant and the dye liquid discharge amount to be constant. For example, a dye liquid storage tank 7 as illustrated in FIG.
It is recommended to use The dye liquid storage tank 7 is made of a material with excellent chemical resistance, and has a heater 9 capable of heating the dye liquid 8 to around the dyeing reaction temperature. For the purpose of dissipating heat and preventing changes in concentration, a lid 10 that does not form an evaporation space and can be raised and lowered is provided. here,
The heater 9 can be switched between heating and keeping warm at any time, and when the lid 10 reaches the highest position, the lid 10', water can be sprinkled from the hot water inlet 11 to replace the dye liquid 8. Easy to clean. This dye liquid storage tank 7 may store dyeing aids and other chemicals in addition to the dye liquid, and is provided with an inlet pipe 12, a discharge pipe 13, and a delivery pipe 14 for storing the dye liquid 8 or other chemicals. The chemical solution is delivered through the delivery tube 1.
4, a pipe header 15, and then a flexible hose 16, and is supplied to spray gun groups A and B. In addition, in this invention, in order to avoid waste of dye liquid 8 due to scattering as much as possible, high pressure gas such as compressed air is not used and injection is performed only by liquid pressure. The distance between the pipe headers 15 or 15' distributing the liquor 8 to the spray gun groups A and B must be as short as possible, and all tanks and pipelines must be kept warm to prevent the liquor 8 from cooling. In addition, a heater is installed for final liquid temperature adjustment just before spraying. In order to keep the discharge pressure from spray gun groups A and B constant, a pressure switch (not shown in the figure) is installed at any time, and while constantly monitoring the dye liquid pressure, it can be controlled manually or automatically, for example, from the pipe header. It is recommended to adjust the internal liquid pressure to a gauge pressure of about 50 to 100 kg/ ^cm2 . In addition, it is extremely convenient to select which spray gun to use from spray gun groups A and B by computer control using a solenoid valve, especially when it is necessary to prevent streaks and spots. It is effective to swing the spray guns A and B in the width direction of the fabric. The amount of dye liquid discharged can be arbitrarily adjusted by adding an auxiliary sprayer in addition to the two spray gun groups, or by changing the size of the fan-shaped spray nozzle. The fabric 1 sprayed with the dye liquid 8 passes through the slit in the partition wall 17 and enters the moist heat section 18, and in the normal case,
Subject to high humidity and high temperature treatment. The water vapor may be generated externally (for example, using the space sandwiched between the dry heat section 3 and the wet heat section 18) or internally, but an internal heater 4' may be provided and the fan 19 It is best to stir it evenly. Of course, the moist heat section 18 is adjusted by the moisture and humidity supplied, and in order to start the dyeing chemical reaction at the moment when the liquid films a and b of the dye liquor 8 collide with the fabric 1 and the pile 1', the dye liquor 8 It is necessary to provide enough heat to compensate for the drop in liquid film temperature due to evaporation, so adjust the humidity and temperature to the optimal conditions depending on the type and amount of fabric 1, pile 1', dye liquid 8, etc. There is a need to. Therefore, whether to use saturated steam or superheated steam as the steam source, or when there is no need to replenish the dye liquor 8 due to its inherent moisture content and heat quantity, the supply of steam may be stopped. It is also possible to switch the entire moist heat section 18 to an atmosphere for slow cooling. A second pile splitting roller 6' is provided at an appropriate location in the moist heat section 18, the fabric 1 is folded again, and two sets of spray guns A' and B' exactly the same as those described above are placed facing each other. Then, dyeing treatment or other chemical processing can be carried out. In this manner, once the dyeing reaction and other chemical treatment reactions have been established in the moist heat section 18, the fabric 1 is taken out of the system via the water seal tank 20 in accordance with a conventional method. In the water-sealing tank 20, a water-washing process is performed, but it is not preferable to rapidly cool the fabric 1 that has been heated to a high temperature because there is a risk of distortion in the fiber structure. Increase as appropriate until the temperature of at least dough 1 is 40~
It is desirable to take it out after it has been cooled to around 60°C. The removed fabric 1 is transferred to the next dehydration step. The dry heat section 3, the wet heat section 18, and the dye liquid storage tank 7 in this embodiment were entirely covered with a heat insulating material to prevent heat dissipation. Example 2 A long polyamide carpet (width 200 cm, thickness 12 mm) with a basis weight of 500 g/m ² was dyed and post-treated using the continuous dyeing apparatus described in Example 1 under the conditions shown below. Dry heat part (fabric anti-heating) 95±2℃ 1st spray gun group

[Table] 2nd spray gun group Treatment liquid composition: Heat resistance improver (manufactured by Meisei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.: Antifade 3000) 10-20g/ Chemical solution temperature: 95±1℃ Spray pressure: 50Kg/cm ² gauge Chemical solution pick-up amount 100% As mentioned above, the pick-up amount of dye solution or chemical solution in conventional continuous dyeing machines was 1000 to 1500%, but when using the device of this invention, the pick-up amount of dye solution or chemical solution is 250%, which is sufficient to achieve the purpose. Moreover, it has become clear that copper salts as light resistance improvers as well as heat resistance improvers are effectively adsorbed. In addition, a water repellent (manufactured by NICCA Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.: NK Guard) was added to the second spray gun group instead of the heat resistance improver.
FG255), fabric softener (manufactured by the company: Nikka Silicone EP)
-1000), sanitary agent (manufactured by the company: F-3290), antistatic agent (manufactured by the company: Nicepol FF-18), or flame retardant (manufactured by the company: Nitsuka Firen PAS-64). I tried both treatments, and all were very successful. Example 3 A wool tufted carpet fabric (width: 380 cm, thickness: 8 mm, length: 200 m) with a basis weight of 900 g/m ² and subjected to minimal shrinkage treatment as shown below was dyed. Preshrunk processing conditions: Wetting agent (manufactured by BASF: Nekarin LN) 0.2% Na ₂ SO ₄ 10〃 Acetic acid PH5-6 Treatment 30℃, 10 minutes Organic chlorine compound (manufactured by BASF: Basolan)
DC) 1.5-30% Treatment 20-30℃, 30 minutes Dechlorination treatment Sodium bisulfite (2-3%) Treatment 40℃ 30 minutes Dry heat part (fabric anti-heating) 95±2℃

[Table] The wool tufted carpet dyed under the above conditions was dyed evenly in a very short time without turning into felt, and both the top and bottom of the wool pile system and the fabric could be dyed uniformly. In addition,
In addition to reactive dyes for wool, acid dyes and 1:2 alloy dyes can also be used, and the color fastness was good in all cases. Example 4 Polyester carpet fabric (width ²⁰⁰ cm, thickness 12 mm, length
200m) was stained. Dry heat part (fabric anti-heating) 180±2℃ 1st spray gun group

[Table] Steaming in moist heat area
180±2°C for 10 minutes Polyester carpets dyed under these conditions are treated with a dye solution of 95 to 100°C applied in duplicate to the fabric to be dyed, which has already been heated to the dyeing reaction temperature. Since the dye is sprayed from a group of spray guns, the adsorption, diffusion, and fixation of the disperse dye proceed reliably with a very low amount of dye solution pick-up, and the dyeing reaction is completed by the subsequent high-temperature steaming. No migration occurs at all,
We were able to finish extremely uniform staining in a short time. Note that the light fastness improver (without being added to the dye) was sprayed from the second spray gun group in the same manner as shown in the example, and the same good results were obtained in this case as well. (7) Effects As is clear from the above examples, the continuous dyeing apparatus for long fabrics of the present invention is capable of continuous dyeing of polyamide fabrics with copper salts, which was previously considered extremely difficult.
Continuous dyeing of wool-based fabrics, continuous dyeing of polyester fabrics, etc. can be carried out using a dye solution or chemical solution with a low pick-up amount (1/4 to 1/10 of the pick-up amount in a conventional continuous dyeing machine, and the dye concentration is 1/2 to 1/2). (It may be diluted to 30%). In either case, the reaction of fabrics treated with dye liquors or other chemical solutions is completed and fixed within a short period of time, and the results are extremely homogeneous. Moreover, since the preheating part and the moist heat part are integrated, the heat radiation area is small, which is advantageous from the perspective of energy saving.If you also consider the above-mentioned dye solution, chemical solution, and even water (resource saving), , it can be said that the significance of this invention is extremely large.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of a continuous dyeing apparatus for long fabrics according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a dye liquid storage tank, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the spray gun group of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4. 1...Fabric, 1'...Pile, 3...Dry heat section, 4,4'...Internal heater, 5...Hot air circulation fan, 6,6'...Pile dividing roller, 7...Dye liquid storage Tank, 8... Dye liquid, 9... Heater, 10
...Lid, 10'...Lid in the highest position, 14...Delivery pipe, 15,15'...Pipe header, 16,1
6'... Flexible hose, 17... Bulkhead, 1
8... Moist heat section, 19... Fan, 20... Water seal tank, A, A', B, B'... Spray gun group, a,
b...Fan-shaped dye film.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A dry heat section that raises the temperature to the dyeing reaction temperature while transporting the long fabric under normal pressure, and a moist heat section that ensures the dyeing reaction after spraying the dye liquid are integrated into one unit, and the fabric is heated in the lengthwise direction. A pile dividing roller is installed in the width direction of the fabric to split the pile by folding the fabric, and a plurality of spray guns are installed in parallel to the width direction of the fabric, each facing the pile dividing roller. A plurality of fan-shaped spray nozzles that form a spray pattern in the form of a fan-shaped film are connected to each other on the fabric surface where the fan-shaped liquid films sprayed from adjacent spray guns are divided into piles to form a straight line. The dye liquid film sprayed from the spray gun of one station and the dye liquid film sprayed in the same way from the other station are arranged on the same line with the required spacing as shown in FIG. A continuous dyeing apparatus for long fabrics, characterized in that one or more sets of spray guns whose angles can be regulated so that they intersect are provided in the dry heat section, the wet heat section, or both sections.