JPS623716A - Artificial culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, more particularly mushrooms such as maitake, nameko, oyster mushroom, and enoki mushroom.

(Conventional technology) A fungal bed is usually used for the artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as Nomaitake, nameko, oyster mushroom, enokidake, etc. (hereinafter simply referred to as mushrooms).
Nutrient sources such as rice bran, corn germ, and wheat bran are added to the sawdust from broad-leaved trees such as beech and needles such as cedar, which are then inoculated with bacterial species, cultured, and harvested. Ta.

(The selection point to be solved by the invention and the means for solving the problem) In these conventional artificial cultivation methods, it is desired to increase the yield, so the present inventors have formulated After reexamining the nutrient sources used in soybeans, searching for more suitable nutrient sources, and conducting various experiments, we found that the yield increased significantly by using soybean grain shells as a nutrient source. In addition to this, an unexpected fact was that the number of cultivation days was shortened.

The soybean grain shell in the present invention is not the so-called soybean pod, but a chitin-like skin that covers the soybean grain, that is, the soybean husk as a bean. The shell of soybean grain is abbreviated as soybean hull.

The soybean M used in the present invention can range from microscopic to coarse, but coarse soybean M is particularly excellent for maintaining air permeability in the seedbed.

The soybean hulls in the present invention may be blended alone with sawdust, or may be blended with sawdust in combination with other Eisogen bran, corn germ, rice bran, defatted rice bran, defatted bran, etc. Good too.

The soybean hulls of the present invention are highly effective when mixed with sawdust from broad-leaved trees such as beech, oak, sawtooth oak, chestnut, maple, and Japanese chinquapin, but when mixed with sawdust from softwood trees such as cedar and cypress.

Effects can be seen depending on the blending ratio.

The present invention is not limited to obtaining fruiting bodies of maitake, nameko, oyster mushroom, enokidake, etc. through fungal bed cultivation.
It can also be used to culture the mycelia of these mushrooms.

(Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 For the sawdust used as the fungal bed, we used Kozo (only Quercus japonica) and Hoji (Quercus japonica containing 30 pieces of Quercus chimbutast).
The nutritional sources used in this product include rice bran, bran, corn germ, and soybean hulls, and these sawdust and nutritional sources have a weight ratio of 8.
They were mixed at a ratio of 5:15. The test areas were divided into test areas A to F depending on the combination of sawdust and nutrient source.

That is.

Test area A has a fungal bed of Quercus serrata and rice bran, test area B has a fungal bed of Quercus serrata and bran, test area C has a fungal bed of Quercus serrata and corn germ, test area has a fungal bed of Quercus serrata and soybean husk, Test area E is a fungal bed made of Quercus sawdust containing 30% beech chip dust and a nutrient source consisting of equal amounts of bran and soybean husk, and Experiment Area F is Quercus sawdust containing 30% beech chip dust. The test area A to C is a control area, and the test area A to F is an inventive area. . - These sawdust and nutrients were mixed and poured, then water was added and mixed well to adjust the water content to about 63%. The cultivation container is 20m x 120 x 43c! n
Using a polypropylene Sunrich bag, put 2.5 Ky of the above-mentioned bacterial bed into this cultivation container, seal the bag mouth, and steam seedlings in an autoclave at 120°C for 90 minutes. After cooling until the temperature reached 242 cm per cultivation container, 242 maitake seed layers were inoculated in a clean environment. After inoculation of the inoculum (cultivate in a culture room with a temperature of 21 to 24 °C and a humidity of 70 to 80%, and when the primordium of the fruiting body is formed in the fungus bed and the color changes from gray to black, the temperature is 17 to 18 ° C.) The fruiting body was transferred to a fruiting body generation room at a temperature of 85-90% humidity and a light intensity of 200-500 lux, and all three to four (7) bags above the fruiting body primordium were cut to encourage fruiting body development and culture was continued. After that, the fruiting body grows and the petal-shaped cap reaches about 2 cm1 (Natsu), which is the harvest time. At this time, the rate of primordium formation by sawdust level and nutrient source (number of primordia formed/number of samples x 100) ), fruiting body occurrence rate (number of fruiting bodies generated/number of samples x 100), harvest rate (fruiting body yield/fungal bed weight x 100) are shown in Table 1, and the number of days required for primordium formation, fruiting body The number of growing days is shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Note (The weight of the υ bacterial bed is 2.5 to 9 per bag.

(2J results are the average value of 20 test bags.

Table 2 Note (υ results are the average values of 20 test bags.

(2) The number of days for harvesting is the total number of days for primordium formation and the number of days for fruiting body growth.

Table 1 shows that compared to test plots B (bran) and test plot C (corn germ), which used conventional nutrient sources, test plots E and F, which used soybean hulls as a nutrient source, Both the primordium formation rate and the fruiting body development rate were excellent, and the yield rate of fruiting bodies was particularly good when only bran was used (test plots), which had good results among conventional nutritional sources. Compared to B),
When only soybean husks were used (Test Area D), the yield increased by nearly 50%, and compared to when only corn germ was used for moxibustion (Test Area C), when only soybean husks were used (Test Area D).
It can be seen that sales have increased by nearly 80%. Furthermore, when these conventional nutritional sources and soybean hulls are used together -
Comparing the results when only bran was used (test area B) and when bran and soybean husks were used together (test area), it was found that when bran and soybean husks were used together, the system was better than when only wheat bran was used. Also, when comparing the case where only corn germ was used (test area C) and the case where corn germ and soybean husk were used together (test area F), the yield increased by 30%). It can be seen that when corn germ and soybean husk are used together, the yield is 40% higher than when corn germ is used alone. Also,
For cultivating maitake mushrooms.

It is known that when rice bran is used as a nutritional source, the primordium of fruiting bodies is formed, but the incidence of fruiting bodies is low and it is not suitable for use as a nutritional source. Ward A shows this.

In this way, you can use soybean husks to make a farm! rate X/'i,
According to Section 18, the yield rate is as high as 22%. Normally, maitake cultivation is said to be profitable if the yield rate is around 15%, but in the current situation where the cultivation technology is not yet fully established, It is epoch-making that the yield rate is as high as 18 cm or more, especially 22% in the test plot.

Table 2 also shows that when soybean hulls are used as a nutritional source (test area D), the number of days until primordium formation is Experimental area C, corn germ], but the subsequent growth period of fruiting bodies was 9 days shorter than experimental area B (7 Sumano), and even compared to experimental area C (corn germ). The number of harvest days from inoculum inoculation to harvest is as short as 5 days. The harvest time was also 5 days shorter than that of experimental area B (bran) and 5 days shorter than that of experimental area C (corn germ). (This is very meaningful from the viewpoint of the cultivation environment.) In addition, in the cultivation environment with air conditioning equipment, it will significantly contribute to reducing production costs and will significantly increase the turnover rate when considering year-round cultivation.

Example 2 The sawdust used as a fungal bed was mixed with equal amounts of konarano and cedar, and added with wheat bran, corn germ,
A fungal bed was prepared using soybean husks in the same manner as in the example, inoculated with maitake seed fungus, cultured, and fruiting bodies were harvested. Table 3 shows the results.

Notes to Table 3 (1) The weight of the fungal bed is 2,000 F, a mixture of equal amounts of 45 garlic, Quercus sawdust 0.45 F, and cedar sawdust 0.45 F, and 0.2 Ky of nutrients added to this. and 1 cup of water,
35 plus 9 to make it 2.45 Ky.

(The 2J harvest rate is the yield of fruiting bodies/the weight of the fungal bed x 100.

(3) The results are the average values of 20 test bags. Looking at Table 3, it can be seen that when cultivating maitake mushrooms, deciduous broad-leaved trees such as oak and beech are suitable for the sawdust used for the fungal bed. It is known that coniferous trees such as oak, cedar, and cypress are not suitable, but when soybean husks are used as a nutrient source, as shown in Test Area J, the yield rate as explained in Example 1 is high. The fact that it is possible to obtain a yield rate of 18%, which is over 15 cm, can be said to open the way to the use of sawdust from coniferous trees, which was considered inappropriate in the past.

Example 3 Quercus serrata is used for the sawdust that serves as a bacterial bed.

Rice bran, bran, and soybean hulls were used as the nutritional sources to be mixed in. Depending on the proportion of these nutritional sources, the test group and test ΣN were classified. That is, in the test area, a fungal bed containing K of Quercus serrata was mixed with a weight ratio of 1.5 parts of rice bran and 0.2 parts of wheat bran, and in the test area, K of Quercus serrata was mixed with 10 parts of sawdust of Quercus spp.
Rice bran 1. In test area M, a bed was prepared by mixing Quercus sawdust IUK with rice bran 1.0, soybean husk U, and 7 by weight. Special zone N has rice bran 0.7 to 10 Quercus sawdust.
, soybean hulls mixed at a weight ratio of 1.0, and these fungal beds are further prepared as follows. That is, 175-1 part of slaked lime is added to 100 tons of sawdust, water is added to make the moisture content 65 inches, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to produce 90U+++7! 7502 in a blow pin, steam sterilized in an autoclave at 120℃ for 90 minutes, cooled down to 10℃, and inoculated one cultivation container with oyster mushroom seed stone for 98 years in a clean environment. ,
Table 4 shows the results of harvesting the fruiting bodies that were allowed to stand at 20°C for 30 days and then at 10°C for 7 days.

Table 4 (2) M is the average value of 20 test bags.

Table 4 shows the results of cultivating oyster mushrooms, which are generally sold as shimeji mushrooms. Even with this oyster mushroom, when soybean husks are used, the yield rate is significantly higher than when soybean husks are not used. You can see that it's getting higher.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained in detail above, the present invention provides that when cultivating mushrooms such as maitake, nameko, oyster mushroom, enokitake, etc., the skin of soybean grains is used as the source of all or part of its benefits. By cultivating using soybean shells, the development of fruiting body primordia and fruiting bodies is significantly improved.
As a result of being able to provide a cultivation method that allows a high yield rate that could not be obtained conventionally, the cultivation method has become stable and highly profitable for growers.

In addition, since the harvest time can be shortened compared to conventional cultivation methods using nutrient sources, costs such as the amount of chemicals used, labor, etc. can be reduced in terms of epidemic prevention during the cultivation period. Without.

Production costs in the cultivation environment with air-conditioning equipment have been significantly reduced, and the turnover rate for year-round cultivation has been significantly increased. Now that sawdust can be used effectively, the scope of use for fungal bed materials has expanded, and in the past, coarse sawdust, which was used as chip dust, has been used to improve the voids within the fungal bed. However, in the present invention, by using dog bean husks, the air permeability within the fungal bed can be maintained significantly better. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is a revolutionary invention in terms of mushroom cultivation, as it can be used not only for harvesting mushroom fruiting bodies, but also for culturing mushroom mycelia.

Patent applicant: Katakura Industries Co., Ltd. 'f = Continued supplementary overwrite (spontaneous) September 13, 1985 Mr. Michibe Uga, Commissioner of the Patent Office 1.Display of the incident Patent application 1986-141291, name of invention Artificial mushroom cultivation method Yo.

Address 3-1-2 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Name Katakura Kogyo Co., Ltd. President and CEO Haruo Yanagisawa 4th generation Masato 183 Telephone 0425-76-30
62 Ming MfI, page 1, line 3, “Population”? Correct it to "artificial."That's all, behe

Claims (1)

[Claims] A method for artificially cultivating mushrooms such as maitake, nameko, oyster mushroom, enoki mushroom, etc., characterized by using a fungal bed containing soybean seed shells.