JPS62158852A - Permanent magnet material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve coercive force and maximum energy product by blending specific amounts of elements each selected from the group consisting of B, C, N, Si, and P and the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs with rare earth element-Fe-Co. CONSTITUTION:A permanent magnet material has a composition satisfying a composition formula R1-x-y-z-alphaFexCoyXzMalpha: where R is a combination of 1 or <=2 kinds among rare earth elements including Y; X means one or more elements among B, C, N, Si, and P; M means one or more elements among Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs; and, as to the symbols 'x', 'y', 'z', and 'alpha', 0.50<=x<=0.85, 0<=y<=0.20, 0.01<=z<=0.15, and 0.015<=alpha<=0.05. Owing to the above composition, magnetic properties such as coercive force, maximum energy product, etc., are improved and permanent magnets can be made highly efficient.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel permanent magnet material mainly containing rare earth elements and iron.

Conventional technology Intermetallic compounds mainly composed of rare earth elements (R), iron (Fe), and boron (8) exhibit large magnetocrystalline anisotropy and high saturation magnetic flux density, and are permanent magnets with high coercive force and high energy product. It is attracting attention as a magnetic material. It is particularly promising as a permanent magnet because it is cheaper than rare earth-cobalt materials and has a high saturation magnetic flux density.

Furthermore, it has been found that when part of Fe is replaced with CO, the Curie point increases and thermal stability also improves. Also B to C
Various materials are known, including those substituted with nonmetallic elements such as , N, Si, and P.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention solves the above-mentioned rare earth-iron and rare earth-iron
The purpose of this study is to further improve the magnetic properties expressed by residual magnetic flux density, coercive force, and maximum energy product in cobalt-based permanent magnet materials.

Means for Solving the Problems The magnetic material of the present invention has R+ -X-V-Z-αF ex
It is represented by the compositional formula COVXZMα. In the above compositional formula, R is a rare earth element containing Y, namely Y, La, Ce.
, Pr, Nd, Pm,
Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy
, Ho , Er , T +++ , Yb Xlu or a combination of two or more, and X is B, C,
It is one or a combination of two or more selected from N, Si, and P, and M is i, Na, K, and Rb.

It is one type or a combination of two or more types selected from C3. Also, X, y, Z, and α are each 0.50≦×≦0.85.
0≦y≦0.20.0.01≦Z≦0.15.0.01
It is characterized in that 5≦α≦0.05.

In the present invention, R-Fe-X or R-Fe-Co-X
By adding one or more selected from Li, Na, Rb, and C3 to the alloy, magnetic properties, particularly coercive force and maximum energy product, are improved. It is desirable that these additive elements be added within a range that does not disturb the balance of magnetic properties. Since the alkali metal to be added has extremely high chemical activity, it is used within a range of α of 0.05 or less for handling reasons. Further, if α is smaller than o or ois, the effect of improving magnetic properties is small, and in addition, the effect of preventing oxidation of iron and rare earth elements is small.

In the present invention, if Fe 11')m is too large, the residual magnetic flux density will improve, but the coercive force and the maximum energy product will decrease. On the other hand, if the amount of Fe is too small, the residual magnetic flux density and the maximum energy product will decrease, so Fe
The ratio was set in the range of 0.50≦x≦0.85.

Addition of CO is effective in raising the Curie point by one point and improving thermal stability, but if the amount added exceeds 0.20, the coercive force decreases, which is not preferable.

Furthermore, if the ratio 2 of X exceeds 0.15, the coercive force and residual magnetic flux density decrease, making it impossible to obtain an excellent maximum energy product. On the other hand, if it is less than 0.01, the Curie point will not increase and high coercive force will not be obtained.

The permanent magnet of the present invention can be produced by melting each component using a conventionally known method and casting the molten metal into a mold, etc., or by pulverizing the molten alloy, forming it in a magnetic field using powder metallurgy, and sintering it. Manufactured by Melting is performed in an inert gas using high frequency melting or arc melting.

Grinding is carried out using a combination of stamp mills, disc mills, vibration mills, ball mills, etc. To prevent oxidation, an inert gas or a volatile solvent is used.

For the purpose of improving the degree of orientation, magnetic field shaping is preferably performed in a transverse magnetic field in which the direction of the applied force and the direction of the magnetic field are perpendicular. It is best to perform sintering in an inert gas and rapidly cool it after sintering. The heat treatment is performed at 500 to 800°C, but it is desirable to vary the time depending on the composition.

Examples Example 1 Nd 0.15 Fe o, 5s-aco 0.2 (l
B a, +o L i a (However, α, = 0.01
5) An alloy having the following composition was melted in an argon atmosphere using a high frequency melting furnace. Next, the ingot alloy was coarsely ground with a stamp mill, and then ground with a vibration mill to an average particle size of about 3.4L. Approximately 1.5 t/c of this powder in a magnetic field of 10 KOe
The molded body was molded under a pressure of was manufactured.

j! 7 Residual magnetic flux density (Sr), coercive force (rHc), maximum energy product (BH) m
When ax was investigated, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

Example 2.3 Magnets were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio α of Ll was as shown in Table 1, and the characteristics are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 A magnet was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1-i was not added, and the characteristics are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2.3 A magnet was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Li ratio α was as shown in Table 1, and the characteristics are shown in Table 1.

Examples 4-6 Ndo, +5PrO, 05Feo, ss-ac
o O, +5B o, +o Naa (ex = 0
．． Example 1 An alloy magnet having a composition of 015 to 0.05)
It was manufactured in the same manner as above, and the characteristics are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Examples 4 to 6 Magnets were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the Na ratio α was as shown in Table 2, and the characteristics are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Table 2 Examples 7 to 9 Ndo, +s Fe o, co-aCo 0.1!5
Bo, +o Ka (however, α= 0.015~O
, OS> was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the characteristics are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Examples 7 to 9 Magnets were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the amounts α added were as shown in Table 3, and the characteristics are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Examples 10-12 Nd 0.12 Pro o, o+s Fe o,
6o-aCo O, 138o, +.

An alloy magnet having a composition of Rbα (α-0.015 to 0.05) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the characteristics are shown in Table 4.
It was shown to.

Comparative Examples 10 to 12 Example 10 except that the amount α of Rb added was as shown in Table 4.
A magnet was manufactured in the same manner as above, and the characteristics are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Examples 13 to 15 Ndo, +o l”e o, 5s-aco o, +s
B o, +o Os a (however, α= 0.015~
An alloy magnet having the composition (O, OS) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the characteristics are shown in Table 5.

Comparative Examples 13 to 15 Example 13 except that the addition mα of C3 was as shown in Table 5.
A magnet was manufactured in the same manner as above, and the characteristics are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Effects of the Invention As is clear from the examples, the permanent magnet material of the present invention has a conventional R-Fe-X or R-Fe-Go-X alloy with Li, Na, Rb, and C3. By adding one or more selected from the following, coercive force and maximum energy product in particular are improved, and high performance can be achieved, making it an extremely excellent magnetic material in practical use.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 R_1_-_x_-_y_-_z_-_αFe_x
It is represented by the compositional formula Co_yX_zM_α, in which R is one or a combination of two or more rare earth elements including Y, and x is one or two selected from B, C, N, Si, and P. It is a combination of species or more, and M is Li, Na
, K, Rb, and Cs, or a combination of two or more thereof, 0.50≦x≦0.85, 0≦y≦0.20, 0.01
A permanent magnetic material characterized in that ≦z≦0.15, 0.015≦α≦0.05.