JPS62104909A - Yarn having lamellar void and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:Yarn having improved water absorbing properties and good flexibility and heat retaining properties, wherein continuous voids exist in a lamellar state in the longer direction in the yarn. CONSTITUTION:Yarn having a lamellar void structure wherein voids having thin and long sections exist in the yarn, the voids 1 are continuous in the longer direction of the yarn and part 5 of the voids 1 is opened to the outer surface of the yarn or connected to it by a thin film. The outer surface of the yarn has preferably a great number of continuous uneven stripes in the longer direction of the yarn. The yarn can be produced by pilling two high polymers 6 and 7 in a lamellar state alternately, forming yarn whose outer surface is coated with the one polymer 6 to form an outer skin part 8 and removing the other polymer 7.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a fiber having continuous layered cavities in the longitudinal direction of the fiber and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fiber having a layered cavity M4 structure that has good water absorption, flexibility and heat retention, and a method for producing the same.

(Conventional technology) Synthetic fibers generally have high strength properties and good abrasion and bending resistance, making them excellent in durability, but they have the disadvantage of poor functionality such as water absorption and heat retention. . Therefore, the current situation is that applications are restricted in fields that require these functions. For this reason, various improvements have been attempted up to now in order to overcome these drawbacks of synthetic fibers. A typical example is one in which the fiber itself has a capillary structure. For example, there is a method of forming hollow fibers using a high molecular weight polymer having fiber-forming ability to which fine particles soluble in water or an organic solvent are added, and then eluting the fine particles to form hollow fibers having fine pores. However, since this method involves mixing and spinning fine particles by adding them to a polymer, there are restrictions on the amount of fine particles added or the amount of fine particles added from the viewpoint of spinning stability. There is a drawback that the water absorption function of the fibers is not sufficient because the continuity between the fiber surface and the fiber surface is insufficient.

On the other hand, in recent years, ultrafine fibers with a single filament fineness of 0.1d or less have become easily produced, and even if they are not hollow fibers, a certain degree of water absorption can be maintained due to the capillary phenomenon of ultrafine fiber bundles or aggregates. It became so. However, on the other hand, ultrafine fibers have fatal drawbacks, especially when used for clothing, in that they do not have sufficient water absorption and are poor in colorability.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The purpose of the present invention is to solve one of the conventional problems of synthetic fibers, which is the lack of water absorption.
Another purpose is to provide fibers that are flexible and have a structure with high heat retention properties by increasing the air content inside the fibers, and furthermore, to provide fibers for the above purpose using a method with excellent spinning stability. It is to be.

[Means for solving problems]

The present inventors have finally arrived at the present invention as a result of extensive research into fibers that have good water absorption, flexibility, and a structure with excellent heat retention properties. The gist of the present invention is as follows. That is, (1) a layered structure characterized in that elongated cavities that maintain continuity mainly in the longitudinal direction of the fibers exist in a layered manner, and the cavities are partially opened and/or in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the fibers through a thin film; Fibers with cavities.

<2> When producing a layered fiber in which the A and B polymers are mutually arranged, a plurality of fluid channel forming pipe structures are arranged in series to allow the mutually arranged flows of A and B to flow out, and then , A and B polymer mutual array fibers are passed through a lattice-shaped dividing funnel, most of the outer peripheral surface of which is covered with the A component, and then spun, and then a non-solvent or a weak solvent is used for the A component. However, a method for producing fibers having layered cavities, characterized in that component B is removed using a solvent capable of dissolving component B.

(3) When producing a layered fiber in which the polymers A and B are mutually arranged, a plurality of fluid channel forming pipe structures are arranged in series to allow the mutually arranged flows of A and B to flow out, and then , △
The outer periphery of the A and B mutually aligned flow is coated with the component, and most of the outer circumferential surface is covered with the A component, and the A and B polymer mutual array fibers are spun. is a method for producing fibers having layered cavities, characterized in that the B component is removed using a non-solvent or weak solvent, but a solvent capable of dissolving the B component.

In the present invention, the term "layered cavity" means that at least two or more elongated cavities exist in the cross section of the fiber, and the major axis of each cavity is at least one-third or more of the cross-sectional width of the fiber in the extension where the cavity is located. The length of the fiber is , and the cavity has continuity in the longitudinal direction of the fiber.

In addition, a large number of concavo-convex streaks that are continuous in the longitudinal direction on the outer peripheral surface of the fiber means that the difference in concavity and convexity is 0.2μ or more, and if you focus on the convex part, there are four or more streaks, and it is a normal fiber. This is different from friction scratches that occur during the machining process.

The fiber having layered cavities of the present invention, as shown in the partially cross-sectional perspective view of the fiber in FIG. Most of the four circumferences of the layered cavity 1 are covered with fibers consisting of a thin skin portion 3.

Further, on the outer peripheral surface of the fiber having layered cavities of the present invention,
It also includes those having a large number of concavo-convex lines 4 extending in the longitudinal direction of the fibers.

These uneven streaks are based on the above-mentioned layered fibers, and if the number of layers in the layered portion 2 is N, for example, when focusing on the convex portion, approximately 2×N streaks are generated.

At the outer periphery of the fiber, the portion close to the cavity is mainly in the form of an extremely thin film of 2μ or less, and partially forms cracks or depressions 5, as shown in the cross-sectional view of the fiber in FIG. As such, these cracks or depressions 5 have an open structure that essentially leads to the cavity inside the fiber.

Therefore, the layered cavities that extend in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, the openings or thin films caused by cracks and depressions on the surface that are the contact points between the cavities and the outer circumferential surface of the fibers, and the large number of uneven streaks, as well as their function as capillaries, act as a whole. It has a structure that is convenient for absorbing water and releasing absorbed water. Further, since the fiber of the present invention is composed of a layered portion and a hollow portion inside, it is easily deformed freely in response to external stress and is therefore flexible.

Furthermore, since the fiber itself contains a lot of air, it has an effective structure for heat retention.

The fiber having layered cavities as described above can be obtained, for example, as follows.

That is, by using polymers A and B that have fiber-forming ability, a pipe structure for forming a fluid flow path as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1048/1988 is constructed in such a way that the fluid does not undergo significant rotation. Spinning the A and B polymer mutual arrangement fibers having a skin, which is an intermediate of the present invention, using spinning devices arranged in series,
This is then obtained by removing one component of the polymeric interarray.

Here, by arranging the fluid channel forming pipe structure in series, it is possible to obtain a fluid laminate in which, for example, A and B polymers are divided and laminated into many layers. When N stages of the conduit structure are used, 2×N layers of A and B polymers can be formed. The fluid channel forming pipe structure has the function of sequentially and alternately arranging fluid in layers in this way.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a polymer mutually arranged fiber having a skin, which is an intermediate of the present invention, in which the A component 6 and the B component 7 are arranged alternately in layers, and the outer periphery is thinly layered ( Epidermal part) Surrounded by 8.

The A component 6 used here is a polymer that is effective as a practical fiber, and the B component 7 is a polymer mutually arranged fiber that has a skin that is an intermediate and has a different solubility in solvents from the A component.
It is a high-molecular polymer that plays a complementary role in the production of water, and is removed in a subsequent process.

Polymer mutual array fibers with a skin as shown in Figure 3 are
It can be obtained by providing a special device in the spinning pack as follows.

One of these is the installation of a lattice-shaped separator that crosses and cuts the laminar flow of A and B mutually arranged flows flowing out from a group of pipe structures for forming fluid flow paths in the spinning pack. , and the other, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of the spinning pack in FIG. In this method, the A component is extruded from the coating outlet 11 of another polymer array flow so as to cover the outer periphery of the mutual array flow 9 of the A and B components.

The former method, i.e., the separator downstream of the group of conduit structures for forming fluid flow paths, is achieved by installing a lattice-like dividing funnel with sharp grooves at the top of the octopus branch pipe leading to the porous mouthpiece. .

This method of discharging the A and B mutually aligned flows using the octopus branch reduces the number of layers consisting of A and B by dividing them in parallel to the layers of the aligned flow, but it is not economical or productive. This method is preferable from the standpoint of imparting unevenness to the outer peripheral surface of the fiber according to the present invention.

Roughly speaking, the selection of polymers A and B in this method is based on the relationship that the melt viscosity at the spinning temperature is A>8 or A,
It is particularly preferable that the weight ratio of the eight components is in the relationship A>B. Such a relationship is a condition that makes it easy to obtain a fiber in which the outer circumferential surface of the fiber is coated with the A component and is a mutual array of A and B polymers.

On the other hand, the latter coating discharge port 11 of the polymer array flow shown in FIG.
The extrusion port of the A component for outer circumferential coating of the A, B mutually arranged stream is 3 to 30 parts, preferably 7 to 20 parts, per 100 parts of the layered A, B component mutually arranged stream. It is. If the amount of extrusion is too large, it will result in a thick skin.B
Not only is it difficult to remove the components, but also the continuity between the layered cavities and the fiber surface becomes weak, which is undesirable. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, it will not be possible to form a skin and 1q of the fibers of the present invention will not be produced, so it is necessary to adjust the amount of extrusion as appropriate.

A of A, B component mutual arrangement body, so-called alternating layered portion of A and B
The ratio of the components to the 8 components is 85:15 to 25 by weight pressure.
: 75, but from the viewpoint of spinning stability and formation of layered cavities after removing component B, A and B are 70:30 to 4.
A preferred range is 0:60.

From the ratio of the A and B components in the layered portion, the area occupied by the layered cavity in the cross section of the fiber according to the present invention should be approximately equal to the area occupied by the B component in the layered portion. Usually, it is 5 to 50%.

The polymers of component A used in the present invention include polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as PET) and its copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate-1~ (hereinafter referred to as PBT>), nylon 6, nylon 66, polyethylene, polypropylene. These are high molecular weight polymers such as, and one or more types thereof are used.

The polymer of component B is polystyrene (hereinafter referred to as PST), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate-1-copolymer PS
T,5-sodium sulfoisophthalate 1 ~ copolymerized PE
It is a high molecular weight polymer such as T, nylon 6, nylon 66, and polyvinyl alcohol, and one or more types thereof are used.

The A component and the B component are not limited to the above as long as they have fiber forming ability, but the A component includes PET, PB, etc.
T, nylon 6, and nylon 66 are preferred from the viewpoint of practical performance, and among them, PET is a particularly preferred polymer because of its ability to form layered cavities. In addition, as the B component, PS
T, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate-1/copolymerized PST,
5-Sodium sulfoisophthalate copolymerized PET is a particularly preferred polymer from the viewpoint of processability.

The B component can be removed from the A and B polymer mutual array fibers having a skin by dry heat stretching, wet heat stretching, or liquid bath stretching using conventionally known methods. Knitted fabrics, 1wi fabrics, non-woven fabrics, processed according to the purpose
I such as string! Any type of fiber-groove structure can be used. From the viewpoint of handling and efficiency, it is particularly preferable to remove the fiber structure. In this case, it goes without saying that the fiber structure may contain fibers other than those of the present invention.

The removing agent for component B must be selected appropriately within a range that does not affect the performance of component A as a fiber.
When the component is PST and its copolymer, a solvent of a chlorinated organic compound such as trichlorethylene, perchloroethylene, or carbon tetrachloride is generally used, and when the component is 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate copolymer PET,
Treatment with an alkaline solution, so-called alkali reduction processing, is performed.

Further, although the device for removing the B component varies depending on the form of the processing system, a mangle, a vibro washer, a dyeing machine, etc. can be used, and the device may be selected as appropriate.

In this way, the fiber obtained by removing component B has layered cavities formed in the cross section of the fiber, as shown in FIGS. With continuous uneven lines in the direction, it has water absorption, flexibility,
The drawing is suitable for heat retention.

If the product from which the B component has been removed remains in the form of yarn, it can be processed into fiber structures such as knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and strings, depending on the purpose, and dyed or dyed as necessary.
Other finishing treatments can be applied to provide a fiber structure with excellent functionality including water absorption.

In addition, the fibers having layered cavities of the present invention may be affected by physical external forces during drawing, knitting, non-woven fabric, string processing, raising, dyeing, fine finishing, or merging during spinning. Although the layered cavities tend to be partially crushed, if the fibers are mainly the fibers of the present invention, the effectiveness is hardly affected.

(Example) Next, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto. , using a spinning bag equipped with a lattice-like dividing funnel and branch pipes divided into 6 x 3, and an 18-hole nozzle at the bottom thereof, the spinning temperature is set at 2 from the top of the fluid channel forming pipe structure.
PET having a melt viscosity of 3,000 poise at 85° C. and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer PST having a melt viscosity of 450 poise at 85° C. were each fed at a weight to weight ratio of 50:50 to spin polymer interlayer array fibers. Then 8
Dry heat drawing was performed at 5°C to obtain a drawn yarn with a single yarn fineness of 3d.

Subsequently, this drawn yarn was made into a homogeneous state, and the 2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymerized PS layer was sufficiently dissolved and removed by immersion in trichlorethylene at room temperature and repeated squeezing with a mangle.

When the fibers obtained by the treatment were observed using a scanning electron microscope at several locations in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, it was found that a skin was formed on the outer peripheral surface. In addition, 2 to 10 elongated cavities were formed in the cross section of the fiber, resulting in layered cavities.

Roughly speaking, the outer peripheral surface of the fiber is formed with a large number of continuous unevenness lines in the longitudinal direction of the fiber with a difference of 0.2 to 1.5μ, and there are also cracks or cracks that partially lead to the layered cavity. A recessed opening was observed.

Example 2 A lattice-like divided funnel was not provided downstream of the six fluid flow path forming pipe structures arranged in series, but instead a one-hole mouthpiece discharge hole as shown in FIG. A spinning bag provided with a circular slit outlet was used so as to cover the outer periphery of the mutually arranged polymer flow flowing out from the flow path forming pipe structure. PET having a melt viscosity of 3000 voids at a spinning temperature of 285° C.
and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymerized PST with the same 450 poise, and PE with the same 3000 poise from the coating discharge port of the polymer mutual alignment flow in a weight ratio of 50:50:15, respectively. The fibers of the polymer mutual array were spun.

Next, dry heat stretching was performed at 85°C to obtain a single yarn fineness of 3.1d.
A drawn yarn was obtained.

Subsequently, this drawn yarn was made into a general shape, and the 2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymerized PST was sufficiently dissolved and removed by repeatedly immersing it in trichlorethylene at room temperature and squeezing it with a mangle. - When the fibers treated in this way were observed using a scanning electron microscope, it was found that the outer periphery of the layered fibers was bonded in a thin skin-like manner, and layered cavities were formed in the cross section of the fibers, as in Example 1. . Furthermore, although the outer peripheral surface of this fiber is slightly shallower overall than that of Example 1, there are many continuous uneven lines in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, and cracks or depressions that partially lead to layered cavities. was formed.

Comparative Example 1 PET and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymerized PST of Example 1 were each made by weight without providing a lattice-like dividing funnel downstream of the six fluid channel forming pipe structures arranged in series. The fibers that flowed out of the fluid flow path forming conduit structure at a ratio of 50:50 were spun using a one-hole casting iron, and were subsequently processed in the same manner as in Example 1, with no layered cavities formed. Ta.

Example 3 The undrawn yarn spun in Example 1 was drawn once or twice in a liquid bath at 80'C, crimped, and then cut to a length of 51 mm.
A raw cotton with a diameter of 3.2 mm, a single yarn fineness of 3.2 d, and a number of crimps of 13 crimps/inch was prepared. Next, a web was created through the steps of carding and cross-wrapping, and 2,000/- needle punching was performed to make a nonwoven fabric made of polymeric mutual array fibers with a basis weight of 1,510 g/rr+2.

Subsequently, this nonwoven fabric was shrink-treated with hot water at 85°C and dried, and then dipping and squeezing with a mangle were repeated using trichlorethylene to copolymerize 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric. PST was sufficiently removed.

When the cross section of the nonwoven fabric treated in this way was observed using a scanning electron microscope, the fiber cross section and outer peripheral surface had the same structure as in Example 1, although some deformation of the fibers was observed.

Next, this non-woven fabric was cut into 2 cm wide and 15 cm long, one end of the non-woven fabric was immersed for 5 cm in a beaker filled with water, and the other end was allowed to hang outside the beaker. The weight of the water added dropwise was measured.

Other PEs adjusted by needle punching this result in the same way
The results are shown in Table 1 together with the results of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 of Tl fibers.

As is clear from the results in Table 1, the nonwoven fabric using the fibers of the present invention exhibited significantly better water absorption than that of the comparative example.

Regarding the texture of the nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven fabric made of the fibers of the present invention had a good feel and a soft texture compared to the nonwoven fabric of Comparative Example 2, which had a similar fineness.

(Effects of the Invention) As mentioned above, the fibers of the present invention have a special cross-sectional structure and an associated special surface structure, so clothing that requires water absorption, flexibility, heat retention, etc. It can be especially utilized as a highly functional material in the industrial field.

On the other hand, in the manufacturing method of fibers having capillary tubes that are effective for water absorption, etc., the method using the conduit structure for forming fluid flow paths according to the present invention has extremely stable spinnability, and the layered hollow fibers having the above-mentioned functions. can be provided extremely effectively.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a partial cross section of the fiber of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line xx' in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spinning pack of polymeric mutually arrayed fibers. 1: Layered cavity, 2: Layered part, 3, 8: Epidermal part, 4: Uneven lines, 5: Cracks or depressions, 6: A component, 7: B component,
9: Polymer mutually aligned flow, 10: Nozzle discharge hole, 11: Covering outlet for polymer array flow Patent applicant: Azuma Shi Co., Ltd. Figure 2 Figure 4

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A layered cavity characterized by a layer of continuous elongated cavities mainly in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, which cavities are partially opened and/or in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the fibers through a thin film. fibers with (2) A fiber having layered cavities according to claim (1), in which the outer peripheral surface of the fiber has a large number of concavo-convex lines continuous in the longitudinal direction of the fiber. (3) When producing a layered fiber in which the polymers A and B are mutually arranged, a plurality of fluid channel forming pipe structures are arranged in series to allow the mutually arranged flows of A and B to flow out, and then , A and B polymer mutual array fibers are passed through a lattice-shaped dividing funnel, most of the outer peripheral surface of which is covered with the A component, and then spun, and then a non-solvent or a weak solvent is used for the A component. However, a method for producing fibers having layered cavities, characterized in that component B is removed using a solvent capable of dissolving component B. (4) The method for producing a fiber having layered cavities according to claim (3), wherein the melt viscosities of the polymers A and B at the spinning temperature satisfy the relationship A>B. (5) When producing a layered fiber in which the polymers A and B are mutually arranged, a plurality of fluid channel forming pipe structures are arranged in series to allow the mutually arranged flows of A and B to flow out, and then ,A
The outer periphery of the mutually arranged flow of A and B is coated with the component, and the A and B polymer mutually arranged fibers with most of the outer peripheral surface covered with the A component are spun, and then A method for producing fibers having layered cavities, characterized in that component B is removed using a solvent that is a non-solvent or a weak solvent but has the ability to dissolve component B.