JPS61501355A - Heat treatment using an automatic temperature control heater - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus and process for selectively heat treating at least a portion of an article in the field with autoregulated heating. The autoregulated heating is provided by a heater including at least a first magnetic material disposed along the portion of the article to be heat treated. The first magnetic material has a magnetic permeability which sharply changes at temperatures at or near the autoregulating (AR) temperature thereof. The changes in permeability result in corresponding changes in the skin depth of the first magnetic material and, hence, the heating produced therein responsive to a.c. current passing therethrough. By maintaining the a.c. current constant in amplitude and frequency, the first magnetic material and the portion of the article are regulated at substantially the AR temperature of the first magnetic material. By selecting the first magnetic material to have AR temperature substantially corresponding to the temperature at which metal anneals, tempers, hardens, softens, stress relieves or the like, heat treating at an autoregulated temperature is achieved. The autoregulated heater can be incorporated into the article or can be applied to the article thereafter, in each case permitting in field heat treating. Autoregulated heating can also be achieved by any of various multilayer structures to provide desired autoregulation effects.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Heat treatment using a solar heater The back of In the field of metallurgy, heat treatments are used for various purposes. in a broad sense In other words, heat treatment encompasses all thermal treatments to control the properties of materials. For example, quenching and tempering of iron and other metal alloys is particularly widely known. This is a heat treatment method.

Heat treatments aimed at desired modification of metal properties often have an optimal carried out under conditions. To control the temperature during this heat treatment period In general, heating furnaces and complex devices that combine heaters and thermostats are used. is used.

Therefore, heat treatment is often carried out before the article is delivered to the site of use. It has become. In other words, the characteristics of an article are It will be decided at some stage. However, when installing the item, or if the item has been left unused for a considerable period of time, After being used in a heating furnace or oven, the heater and thermostat are combined. Do not use any equipment, etc. that is It is often desirable to modify the metallurgical properties of the article at some point in time. Immediately For example, the characteristics of a pipe section in a pipeline installed in a cold region are In case of deterioration, the pipe section in question may be removed directly at the site of its use without being removed. It is desirable to apply heat treatment to the If it is having a negative impact on the pipe sections in the pipe line or the bridge supports, etc. It is desirable to perform heat treatment at the site of use, and also to apply a large amount of neutron irradiation. Steels that have been subjected to oxidation generally have increased brittleness. Also, the installed position It is also of great significance to remove stress in the environment.

In situations such as those mentioned above, or even in other situations, heat may be applied to only a portion of the article. Treatment may be necessary, and in such cases, the above heat treatment should be limited to the relevant area only. It has been determined that these areas should be heated at a uniform temperature. It's clear. In other words, only a portion of the article can be hardened, softened, increased in durability, or relieved from stress. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove, quench, temper or otherwise process the material. It is desirable to perform localized heat treatment.

Overview of According to the present invention, an automatic temperature joint heater is used to place metal articles at the site of use. Apparatus and methods are provided that allow heat treatment to be applied to modify the properties of a material. the above Automatic temperature control heaters are placed in the areas where heat treatment is required on the article, thereby providing localized heat treatment. Partial heat treatment becomes possible.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned automatic temperature control heater has its automatic joint temperature at4ng temperature). The magnetic layer has at least a first magnetic layer made of a magnetic material with a significantly varying degree of penetration. Ru. The automatic joint temperature mentioned above is determined in relation to the Curie temperature, and the The temperature is close to the Curie temperature.The change in the penetration degree is the same as that of the first magnetic material occurs in response to fluctuations in the level of heat produced by alternating current applied to . Accordingly, the Carter and Krumme U.S. Pat. As described in No. 256.945 "Automatic Temperature Control Heater J," The amount of heat generated has an inverse relationship with the temperature of the heater. Heater temperature and heater The above-mentioned inverse relationship with the heat generated is due to the heater's automatic temperature control function or self-temperature. It provides regulatory functions. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to produce articles of gold MM. Heat treated at a temperature determined by an automatic temperature control heater at the site of use. There are many things.

Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide at least one magnetic layer of an automatic temperature control heater. The purpose is to generate self-regulated heat, in which case the magnetic layer is quenched, for example. and a self-adjusting temperature that substantially corresponds to the temperature at which the heat treatment such as tempering is to be carried out. configured to have.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic temperature control device for attaching to articles to be heat treated. The device has at least two thermally conductive layers, one of which is composed of a magnetic layer. The other part consists of a non-magnetic layer with low resistance, and the magnetic layer is the material of the article. such as having a self-adjusting temperature substantially equal to the desired temperature required for heat treatment. An object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned automatic temperature control heater. In such embodiments, During the initial period when the heater temperature is lower than the above automatic adjustment temperature, the alternating current is The current flows through the shallow region of the sexual body layer, and when the temperature of the heater exceeds the above automatic adjustment temperature, the current stops flowing. Penetrates into the non-magnetic layer with low resistance, thereby reaching a temperature higher than the self-adjusting temperature. This results in a significant reduction in the amount of heat generated. Desired heat treatment temperature and substantially The automatic adjustment function at a temperature equal to temperature is also achieved several degrees lower. Furthermore, the thickness of the non-magnetic layer with low resistance By appropriately setting the You can obtain a shield effect to prevent being attacked.

In still other embodiments, it is possible to attach the In an automatic temperature control heater that transfers heat to the provided. In this embodiment, each of the above-mentioned different magnetic layers is The alternating current connection is as above so that the corresponding different automatic temperature joint functions are achieved. It is designed so that it can be attached to each magnetic layer. This allows for goods to It is possible to perform heat treatments at several different temperatures, such as quenching. If the heat treatment involves multiple heat treatment steps with predetermined temperatures and times, then In this embodiment, selected automatic temperature adjustment at a selected temperature is possible. It is something. Between the two magnetic layers of the above automatic temperature control heater, there is a A magnetic material layer with low resistance is provided in the form of It is also possible to provide an automatic temperature control heater that can perform automatic temperature adjustment. It is.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide any of the above-mentioned automatic temperature regulating heaters. or any other material integrally attached to the article or part of the article to be heat-treated. It is to attach. The heater integrated with the article as described above can be installed at the desired location. By connecting an alternating current to it and activating it, heat is generated at the site of use. It becomes possible to perform processing. In this case, the heater may be stuck inside the item or For example, in the case of a steel vibrator, the vibrator is integrally formed along the product. itself is made by a magnetic layer of an automatic temperature d-node heater.

Another object of the present invention is to attach the metal article at the site of its use around the desired part of the article. An automatic temperature adjustment heater is wrapped around the heater, and the magnetic layer of the heater is adjusted to the automatic adjustment temperature. The object of the present invention is to provide a method of automatically controlling heat treatment according to a corresponding temperature.

In that case, the magnetic layer has a self-adjusting temperature that is substantially equal to the desired heat treatment temperature. Those with a certain degree are selected.

Thus, the main objective of the present invention is to eliminate the need for heat treatment in a controlled atmosphere. without using an oven-type heating furnace or complicated heaters and thermostats. To provide a heat treatment method that can be easily and effectively carried out at the site where articles are used. It is in.

The final object of the present invention is to harden, soften, and remove stress through heat treatment of articles. Quenching, tempering, strengthening or other treatments that improve the functionality or develops, maintains and/or reproduces the desired metallurgical properties compatible with the intended use. The purpose of the present invention is to provide heating means with automatic temperature control. Excessive hardening, increased brittleness due to radiation exposure, or excessive machining. It may harden due to work, or cracks or cracks due to repeated fatigue in the field of use. or eliminate stress on the item or part of it that could cause damage. It's there. The present invention also provides heat treatment to the installed steel at the site of use. By applying heat treatment and appropriately determining the heat treatment temperature, the product can be nitrided or Another option is to perform surface treatment such as carbonization.

Ischemic reception 51μ Shunto 1 Figure 1 shows the automatic temperature control heater according to the present invention installed in the operating position. An explanatory diagram showing the state in which Tama＼ pipes are being heat treated, Figures ■ and m are different from the automatic temperature control heater. Figure ■ is shown in figure m. A front perspective view of an embodiment of the heater according to the present invention, FIG. An explanatory diagram showing the state of heat treatment, Figure 2 shows the automatic temperature joint heater and the heat treatment the objects to be used together to form a single curved element. An explanatory diagram showing the state of Figure 4 shows the articles to be heat treated and the automatic temperature control system that can selectively control the temperature of the heat treatment. FIG. 3 is a front perspective view showing a pipe of 3R:J structure consisting of a temperature adjustment heater.

of゛ Referring to FIG. 1, a metallic pipe section 100 is connected to another pipe. It is shown coupled between sections 102 and 104. above pipe Section 100 is provided as part along pipeline 106 and has a or for transporting fluids such as oil or gas. This kind of situation Under certain circumstances, the pipe section 100 may be subject to various May be exposed to conditions. For example, a thermal change may affect pipe section 100. and stress. Also, along the pipe section 100 at its site of use. When welding, it is necessary to remove stress after welding. as above Remove stress or improve the metallurgical properties of pipe section 100 In order to improve An automatic temperature control heater 110 is provided for heat treatment (in this state). this place In case of heat treatment, make sure that there are no negative effects due to excessive heating or insufficient heating. The heat treatment described above needs to be controlled very precisely.

As described below, automatic temperature joint heater 110 can take a variety of forms; In this case, the automatic temperature control heater 110 is a fat vibe section 100. (or other workpiece) where heating is required. (Adjust the temperature to the appropriate temperature for heat treatment at the site where bll pipe cefsilane 10 is used. Furthermore, the automatic temperature control heater 100 must be heat-treated. maintain a uniform temperature along the specific area of the pipe section 100 to be treated. It is necessary to have the characteristics that

Referring again to Figure 1, the figure shows AC power supplies (a, c, current 5o source) 112 is shown. The power supply 112 supplies a 'constant' current. , preferably having a selected constant frequency. the above Does this add current? Flowably connected through structure 114 .

Several embodiments of the heat generating structure 114 are shown in FIGS.

In Fig. 2, a pipe section 200 wrapped with a single magnetic material It is shown. The above-mentioned magnetic material ri 202 can be used at the site where the above-mentioned magnetic material layer 202 is used. A clamp part for keeping the pipe section 200 in a 1-turn state. It has a material 204. Further, the magnetic layer 202 has a specified resistivity (ρ). and magnetic permeability (μ), and these resistivity and magnetic permeability are determined by the automatic adjustment temperature (aut The temperature changes rapidly between the top and bottom of the regulation temperature. The following items have been selected. Conventionally, the automatic temperature adjustment described above is It is set to a value several degrees lower than the Curie temperature of the magnetic material 1ii200. magnetic material Some examples of materials are shown in the table below.

Material Curie temperature ρ (Ωc+m) Effective magnetic permeability 30% Ni balance Fe 10 0℃ 80X104100-30036%N + balance Fe 279℃ 82X 10” ↓42% Ni balance Fe 325℃ 71X104200-60046% Ni balance Fe 460℃ 46X 10” ↓52%Ni balance Fe’ 565 ℃ 43x10-e ↓80% Ni balance Fe 460℃ 58X 10” 40 0-1000Kovar Kovar 435℃ 49X 10” ↓ Above magnetic material F As is well known, the value of magnetic permeability (μ) of i202 is determined at a temperature sufficiently lower than the above automatic adjustment temperature. at temperatures substantially equal to the effective permeability and at temperatures higher than the self-adjusting temperature. It is abbreviated as l. The change in magnetic permeability above with the change in temperature is proportional. That is, , when the temperature rises to the above-mentioned automatic joint temperature, the above-mentioned magnetic permeability increases from 400 to 1, for example. This increases the degree of penetration by about 20 times. Increasing the degree of penetration This results in an increase in the cross-sectional area through which the flowing current was initially restricted. In that case, The current distribution with respect to the depth through which an alternating current flows through a magnetic material follows an exponential function. In other words, when t is the thickness and S and D are the penetration depth, [1-e/S, D,). Therefore, 63.2% of the current is 1 times the degree of penetration The flow is restricted to the area of In other words, I2R is the heat generated, and this causes I2 to If it is assumed to be relatively 'constant', then the change in R will be the same as the change in the heat generated. This is what is expressed. Therefore, the temperature of the magnetic body 202 rises above the automatic joint temperature. As a result, the generated T2R heat is reduced. Conversely, if the temperature drops below the automatic adjustment temperature Then, the above ■2Rpp! increases as the degree of penetration changes. This kind of effect , heater automatic adjustment #H, 0 that characterizes the function or self-adjustment function The “constant” current used in the invention refers to the change in current (ΔI) and the change in resistance (ΔI). ΔR) satisfies the following formula.

Referring again to FIG. The current is applied when the temperature of the magnetic body 1'Ei 202 is lower than the automatic adjustment temperature. In some cases, the flow is limited to a shallow area around the periphery. The temperature rises and the above automatic adjustment temperature As the degree of penetration is exceeded, the degree of penetration reaches deeper regions, which allows the N flow to reach a wider cross-section It will flow through the product part. This reduces the heat generated.

When the magnetic layer 202 has thermal conductivity, this phenomenon occurs when the degree of penetration is shallow. Heat is transferred to the vibrator section 200. Moreover, each of the magnetic layers 202 Since heat corresponding to each temperature is generated in each part, there is a lot of heat in cold areas. of heat is delivered, and the warmer areas receive less heat, in this way, The heat emitted from the magnetic material Fi 202 spreads over a region L of a predetermined length (see Figure 1). In accordance with the present invention, the temperature is increased until it reaches a uniform level, as shown in FIG. In the device, the above uniform temperature level is achieved by automatically adjusting the temperature of the magnetic material 1:1202. This corresponds to the temperature at which the desired heat treatment is carried out in the above region. Ru.

Specifically, the automatically adjusted temperature of the first magnetic layer 202 is It can be selected according to the quenching temperature of 0.00. In that case, the magnetic material Fi202 By selecting an appropriate material alloy, automatic adjustment to near Curie temperature can be achieved. A high automatic joint temperature such as 1120 degrees Celsius (one temperature of cobalt) It is also easily possible to generate it.

Steel or other metal (e.g., composite material) from which pipe section 100 is made In most cases, the heat treatment for gold) is carried out at a temperature lower than the above automatic joint temperature. It is therefore possible to automatically ensure that the joint temperature substantially matches the desired heat treatment temperature. It is possible to select an appropriate alloy.

Usually, heat treatment is carried out for a predetermined period of time, so the above The power source 112 is selectively turned on and off to achieve the desired heat treatment time. It may also be something that can be switched to. Alternatively, the heater (or (item that also serves as a heater) can selectively connect or connect the power source 112 as necessary. may be configured to have a plug or contact member to enable separation. .

Referring again to FIG. 1, the power supply 112 connects the pipe section 100 and the magnetic layer. It is understood that the connection is made between 110 and 110. In this example, the above pipe Section 100 is made of, for example, a non-magnetic material with low resistance. The magnetic layer 110 When the degree of penetration of It will spread and flow. Therefore, the resistance R decreases rapidly, and the I2R heat is slightly reduced. Contains/occurs no longer. If necessary, provide circuitry (not shown) to protect power supply 112. It is also possible to provide a The thickness of the magnetic layer 110 is determined by its temperature. When the temperature exceeds 1, the current spreads and flows through the vibrator section 100. It must be as thick as possible. The thickness of the magnetic layer may vary. is possible, but preferably 1.0 times the penetration degree (in terms of effective magnetic permeability) or It is said to be 1.8 times.

If the pipe section 100 shown in ti is not a low resistance material, then The power source 112 may be directly connected to the magnetic material FillO, and If necessary, a cup is provided on the magnetic layer 110 to connect it to the power source 112. A ring element (not shown) may also be provided.

Next, if you refer to Figure ■, it shows the pipe section around which the heater 30L is wrapped. 300 is shown, the heater 301 having a low resistance layer 302 (e.g. fI). , and a magnetic layer 304 surrounding it. 1ii above 302 and 30 4 are in contact with each other and both have thermal conductivity. The above heater 30 When an alternating current is passed through 1, during the initial period below the above automatic adjustment temperature, the current is The flow is limited to shallow areas, and when the temperature exceeds the automatic m node, it spreads to the areas of low resistance mentioned above. It starts to flow. As a result, the automatic temperature control for the pipe section 300 is performed. Heat will be applied to the area in contact with temperature adjustment heater 301.

FIG. A connection is shown for passing a qualitatively constant alternating current. From power supply 402 The supplied alternating current is initially near the outer peripheral surface of the outer magnetic body RFJ404. flow is restricted to. The inner layer 406 consists of a non-magnetic layer 406 with low resistance, It surrounds a hard article 408 such as a vibrator, strut, girder, etc. The above magnetic material Ji The i404 automatically adjusts its temperature (often several degrees below its curio temperature) If it is below, a large amount of heat will be generated within the magnetic layer. The temperature is automatically When raised above the nodal temperature, the alternating current penetrates into the lower resistance layer 406, resulting in The heat generated as a result decreases. That is, as known in the art, the above a and c , the current flows mainly outside the layer 404 when the temperature is below the self-adjusting temperature. (the surface close to the loop-shaped circuit). The temperature is automatically adjusted above Once the alternating current reaches the extends through layer 404 and into layer 406, preferably several times as thick as the As a result, +”R2 decreases.

The alternating current connections to the heaters shown in Figure ■ are similar to those shown in Figure ■. It is possible to do this in the form of

Furthermore, the heater of Fig. It is possible to heat-treat this by winding it around the body. As such heat treatment hardening, tempering, increasing durability, increasing ductility, relieving stress, or other includes treatments that affect the metallurgical properties of metal parts. The above heat treatment In order to ensure, maintain or reproduce the desired properties, the assembly process and repair of metal parts are This can be done during the processing or service process.

Referring now to FIG. V, there is shown a beryllium-copper layer 502 and a magnetic alloy layer 502. A spring 5oo consisting of 504 is shown. The above-mentioned base is flexible and ductile. The lyllium-copper layer 502 is formed so that it can be attached at a desired location. It is now possible to be kicked. After attaching this, the magnetic alloy layer 504 is When the heater 500 is connected to the source 506 and an alternating current is passed through it, the temperature of the heater 500 first increases.

The temperature is adjusted to the Curie temperature of Fi504. The above adjustment temperature is substantially The beryllium-copper layer 502 hardens to increase its strength and is quenched as a spring. It corresponds to the temperature at which this occurs. This heat treatment is preferably about 4 00'C for several minutes. Other alloys, i.e. aluminum and magnesium Metal alloys can also be hardened by heat treatment at such low temperatures and for a short period of time, so that they can be cured according to the present invention. - heat treated by a heater.

Instead of hardening, alloys can be hardened by heating at high temperatures or for long periods of time. It is also possible to perform a softening treatment.

Therefore, the present invention is applicable to softening treatment as well as hardening treatment.

Next, referring to FIG. A state where the terminal bus 602 is terminated is shown. Above list The cable plug 604 is initially flexible so that it can be bent and adapted to the termination of the cable 600. The sea urchin is turning. The ring 604 is made of a magnetic alloy (see table above), Alternating current is supplied to it. The ring 604 is self-adjusting. Has the ability to adjust to a moderate temperature and achieve the function for the desired end use harden. Therefore, the ring 604 is an article to be heat treated and at the same time It plays a role as a heater.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 to 2, the practical aspects of the invention shown in these figures Examples are limited to those where the heater is wrapped around the article at the site of use. It should be noted that this does not mean that the heater and the article are integrated. It also includes embodiments that are structured.

That is, the article to be heated is itself made of magnetic material, which controls its own temperature. It can be made to adjust automatically. Furthermore, the article may include multiple layers. Examples are also possible; for example, the pipe shown in FIG. It may also be composed of a non-magnetic layer coaxially arranged with respect to the magnetic layer. , such an embodiment plays the role of Fi 302 and 304 in FIG. Similarly, the above pipe is made up of two magnetic layers with a non-magnetic material sandwiched between them. In such embodiments, the heater 402 may be heated. is placed along the article to be heat-treated and forms at least a part of the article to be heat-treated. The operation is similar to that of the three layers 404 to 408 in FIG. This shows that. FIG. 3 shows two magnetic layers 702 and 7 coaxially provided. 04 and a non-magnetic layer 706 provided between them. 700 is shown. A “constant” AC power source 708 is provided in layer 702 or layer 704. When the temperature is below the self-adjusted temperature, the current flowing through the outer layer or the inner layer of the pipe 700 is Switchably connected.

The pipe 700 includes an article to be heat-treated and a heater installed along the article. It serves as both.

Furthermore, in either embodiment, simply connect an AC power source to the heater if desired. However, it is possible to repeatedly apply the desired heat treatment simply by passing an electric current through it. You must also keep in mind that

Furthermore, in another different embodiment of in-situ heat treatment, the present invention Accordingly, metals are heated by various mechanisms such as those mentioned above, and also by using gas. At the site of use, the heated metal is heated as described above to cause a nitriding or carbonizing reaction. It is also possible to force it. Carbonization or nitridation reactions are known as surface treatment techniques. According to the present invention, the above reaction occurs when the article is exposed to an automatically controlled temperature at the site of use. It is carried out in a heated state.

Those skilled in the art will be able to understand from the above description the insulation means and circuit protection means in various embodiments. It would be possible to set one up.

Those skilled in the art will also be able to make many other modifications and improvements based on the above description. Examples can easily be thought of.

Accordingly, such modifications and improvements may be included in the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. It falls within the scope of the invention.

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Claims (35)

[Claims] 1. In a method of modifying the metallurgical properties of an article, the self-adjusting temperature and the self-adjusting at least one material having a permeability that varies significantly above and below the Developing an automatically regulated temperature by using the first magnetic material; , In the step of developing the automatically regulated temperature, the first magnetic material passing an alternating current having a substantially constant current value and frequency to; While the above-mentioned article is attached to its use position, place it at the desired location on the article. On the other hand, the automatic temperature control generated as described above from the first magnetic material is applying heat treatment at substantially the automatically regulated temperature using heat generated by the process; The above method, characterized in that it consists of: 2. The above-mentioned first magnetic material is integrally formed as a part of the article to be heat-treated. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of: 3. The heat treating step includes tempering at least a portion of the article. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising: 4. The heat treatment step includes hardening at least a portion of the article. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising: 5. The heat treating step includes tempering at least a portion of the article. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising: 6. The heat treating step hardens at least a portion of the article. A method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: 7. forming the first magnetic material as an element separate from the article; transferring said first magnetic material to a portion of said article; and the step of attaching the device to be heated by heating. the method of. 8. The maturing step includes tempering at least a portion of the article. 8. The method of claim 7, comprising: 9. of the first magnetic material so as to correspond to a portion of the article to be subjected to the heat treatment. 8. The method of claim 7, including the step of determining dimensions. 10. A method for modifying the metallurgical properties of a metal article, comprising at least the above-mentioned article. at the point of use of the above article to provide automatically temperature-controlled heat to a portion of the article. integrally combining an automatic temperature regulating heater operable with the article; , a first having a self-adjusting temperature substantially corresponding to at least the heat treatment temperature of said article; forming a self-temperature regulating heater comprising a magnetic material; The temperature of the heater and the article coupled thereto is controlled by at least the first magnetic material. a step of controlling the temperature so that the temperature is approximately equal to the Curie temperature of the material; In the step of controlling the temperature, a substantially constant current value and a current value are applied to the first magnetic material. providing an alternating current having a frequency of The above method consists of: 11. The step of forming the automatic temperature control heater includes the step of forming the first magnetic material. and has an effective magnetic permeability of at least 100 at a temperature below the above-mentioned automatic adjustment temperature. 11. The method of claim 10, including the step of selecting a. 12. The step of forming the automatic temperature control heater includes forming the first magnetic material. configuring as the first layer; Setting a second layer made of a material different from the first magnetic material described above and, a step of arranging the first and second layers so that they maintain electrical contact with each other; including As a result, most of the current flows when the magnetic permeability value of the first layer greatly exceeds 1. flows in a shallow region of the first layer, and the magnetic permeability value of the first layer is substantially 1, most of the current flows through the second layer. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method comprises: 13. The step of forming the automatic temperature control heater includes forming the first magnetic material. configuring as the first layer; Setting a second layer made of a material different from the first magnetic material described above and, a step of arranging the first and second layers so that they maintain electrical contact with each other; including As a result, most of the current flows when the magnetic permeability value of the first layer greatly exceeds 1. flows in a shallow region of the first layer, and the magnetic permeability value of the first layer is substantially 1, most of the current flows through the second layer. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that 14. In the step of setting the second layer, the second layer has low electrical resistance. 14. The method of claim 13, including the step of selecting. 15. The step of setting the second layer includes setting the second layer as the second layer of the first layer. A step for selecting a second magnetic material having a self-adjusting temperature higher than the self-adjusting temperature. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising: 16. Claims in which the step of controlling the temperature is carried out at the site where the article is used The method according to paragraph 10. 17. the article and the heater are each separate elements; The above-mentioned integrally joining step is carried out at the site of use of the article, and the above-mentioned A method of arranging a heater so that it can conduct heat to a portion of the article to be heated. 17. The method of claim 16, comprising step. 18. The temperature controlling step includes controlling the temperature of the article to the temperature at which it is tempered. 18. The method of claim 17, including the step of maintaining . 19. The temperature controlling step includes controlling the temperature of the article to the temperature at which it is quenched. 18. The method of claim 17, including the step of maintaining . 20. The temperature of the heater and the article is adjusted to the automatically controlled temperature of the first magnetic material. or a step that can be selected and switched to automatically adjust the temperature of the second magnetic material. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising: 21. The article is initially sufficiently ductile and the temperature controlled step After forming the metal article into a desired shape prior to 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of reinforcing the article by adding a binder to the article. 22. After the above temperature control step, this is done with the above article still attached. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of subjecting the substrate to a surface treatment. 23. A claim in which the surface treatment step includes a step of nitriding the surface of the article. The method according to item 22. 24. A claim in which the surface treatment step includes a step of carbonizing the surface of the article. The method according to item 22. 25. In equipment that heat-treats at least a part of metal articles at the site of use. Then, apply the following items (a) and (b) along the desired location of the above article to be heat treated. The above-mentioned device comprises a self-temperature regulating heater comprising the above elements. (a) a first automatic means substantially corresponding to the temperature at which the part of said article is to be heat treated; The adjustment temperature is set, and the magnetic permeability value is 1 below the first automatic adjustment temperature. If the above-mentioned magnetic permeability exceeds the above-mentioned first automatic adjustment temperature by a large amount, A first layer of magnetic material having a value approximately equal to . (b) means for passing an alternating current through said first layer; 26. It has a constant current value and a constant frequency, and has a power supply connected to the first layer above. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25. 27. the article is comprised of a temperable metal, and the self-adjusting temperature of the first layer is substantially equal to the tempering temperature of the portion of said article to be heat treated; The device according to item 26. 28. the article is made of a hardenable metal, and the self-adjusting temperature of the first layer is claim 1, which is substantially equal to the quenching temperature of the portion of the article to be heat treated; The device according to item 26. 29. The automatic temperature control heater is integrally connected to a part of the article to be heat treated. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25. 30. the article is cylindrical; The automatic temperature regulating heater is wrapped annularly around the article and heat-treated it. 26. The device of claim 25, wherein the device is formed as a strip for applying therapeutic heat. 31. The above article is a spring made of beryllium-copper alloy, The self-adjusting temperature of the first layer allows the spring to increase its durability properties. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the temperature is substantially equal to . 32. The above item is the base metal, The self-adjusting temperature of the first layer prevents the brittleness of the part of the article to be heat treated. at a temperature substantially equal to the temperature at which the stress in the area is reduced and the stress in the area is removed. 26. The apparatus of claim 25. 33. the above article is an alloy; The self-adjusting temperature of the first layer is likely to soften the portion of the article to be heat treated. Claim 25, wherein the temperature is substantially equal to the temperature that increases the ductility of equipment. 34. The above automatic temperature control heater is overlaid on the first layer with different resistivity and permeability properties than the first layer. and two points on the first layer and the second layer correspond to the first layer. At temperatures below the self-adjusting temperature of the layer, most of the current from the power source flows through the first power source. The flow is restricted to the shallow region of the layer, and at temperatures above the self-regulating temperature of the first layer, When the degree of penetration of the first layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first layer, the current is substantially increased. 27. The device according to claim 26, each of which is arranged to flow also in the second layer. Place. 35. For articles that can be heated to their heat treatment temperature in the field of use, the following: An automatic temperature regulating heater consisting of the elements described in paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be installed in the use of the above article. The above-mentioned method is characterized in that it is fixed to the location where the heat treatment is to be performed in-situ. Goods. (a) a first automatic means substantially corresponding to the temperature at which the part of said article is to be heat treated; The adjustment temperature is set, and the magnetic permeability value is 1 below the first automatic adjustment temperature. If the above-mentioned magnetic permeability is significantly exceeded and the above-mentioned first automatic adjustment temperature is exceeded, the above-mentioned magnetic permeability is at least 1. A first layer of magnetic material having a value approximately equal to . (b) At the site of use so that alternating current can be supplied to the first layer at the site of use. A means for coupling an alternating current power source to said first layer.