JPS61269858A - Manufacture of fuel cell - Google Patents

Manufacture of fuel cell

Info

Publication number
JPS61269858A
JPS61269858A JP60110504A JP11050485A JPS61269858A JP S61269858 A JPS61269858 A JP S61269858A JP 60110504 A JP60110504 A JP 60110504A JP 11050485 A JP11050485 A JP 11050485A JP S61269858 A JPS61269858 A JP S61269858A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
fuel cell
matrix
paste
fine powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP60110504A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Noboru Segawa
昇 瀬川
Sanji Ueno
上野　三司
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Priority to JP60110504A priority Critical patent/JPS61269858A/en
Publication of JPS61269858A publication Critical patent/JPS61269858A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
    • H01M8/0293—Matrices for immobilising electrolyte solutions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent mixing of nonreactive gas to electrolyte matrix paste by performing an electrolyte paste manufacturing process, in which acidic electrolyte and acid-resistant fine powder are kneaded, in an atmosphere of practically pure oxygen. CONSTITUTION:An electrolyte paste manufacturing process in which acidic electrolyte and acid resistant fine powder are kneaded is performed in an atmosphere of practically pure oxygen. Bubbles existing as a defect in an electrolyte mixture are eliminated with cell reaction and a uniform electrolyte layer is formed. Thereby, the ion resistance in the electrolyte matrix is reduced and cell bubbling pressure is increased. Since the oxygen ion concentration in the vicinity of an air electrode in the electrolyte matrix is high, the initial cell performance is increased.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は燃料電池（＝係り、特に電解質を保持するマト
リックスの製造方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to fuel cells, and in particular to a method for manufacturing a matrix for holding an electrolyte.

〔発明の技術的背景とその問題点〕[Technical background of the invention and its problems]

従来、燃料の有しているエネルギーを直接電気的エネル
ギー（二変換する装置として燃料電池が知られでいる。Conventionally, a fuel cell is known as a device that directly converts energy contained in fuel into electrical energy.

この燃料電池は通常、電解質を含浸したマ）　ＩＪラッ
クス挾んで一対の多孔質電極を配置するとともに、一方
の電極の背面（＝水素等の燃料を接触させ、また他方の
電極の背面に酸素等の酸化剤を接触させ、このとき起こ
る電気化学的反応を利用して上記電極間から電気エネル
ギーを取り出すようにしたものであり、前記燃料と酸化
剤が供給されている限り高い変換効率で電気エネルギー
を取り出すことができるものである。This fuel cell usually has a pair of porous electrodes sandwiched between an electrolyte-impregnated IJ Lux, and the back of one electrode (= a fuel such as hydrogen is brought into contact with it, and the back of the other electrode is contacted with a fuel such as oxygen, etc.). The oxidizing agent is brought into contact with the oxidizing agent, and the electrochemical reaction that occurs is used to extract electrical energy from between the electrodes.As long as the fuel and oxidizing agent are supplied, electrical energy can be extracted with high conversion efficiency. can be taken out.

ところでこのような燃料電池の特性は、前記電解質を保
持したマトリックスの性質１：左右されることが多い。Incidentally, the characteristics of such a fuel cell are often influenced by the properties of the matrix holding the electrolyte.

これ故、燃料電池を安定に作動させるべく、電解質マト
リックス（二は次のような特性を備えることが要求され
る。Therefore, in order to operate the fuel cell stably, the electrolyte matrix is required to have the following characteristics.

（１）燃料電池の作動条件（＝おいて化学的および熱的
に安定であること。(1) The fuel cell must be chemically and thermally stable under the operating conditions.

（ｉｔ）　　電解質をよく含浸し、その保持力が高いこ
と。(it) It should be well impregnated with electrolyte and have high retention power.

０１１）水素イオン導電性に優れること。011) Excellent hydrogen ion conductivity.

（ＩＶ）　　電子的絶縁体であること。(IV) Be an electronic insulator.

（Ｖ）　　燃料ガスおよび酸化剤ガスの相互拡散を防止
するに十分な泡出圧力を有すること。(V) Have sufficient bubbling pressure to prevent interdiffusion of fuel gas and oxidant gas.

まだ、電解質マ）　ＩＪワックス層製造方法は、大別し
で、（１）焼結マトリックス法および＜ｉｆ）ペースト
マトリックス法に分類される。Methods for producing IJ wax layers are broadly classified into (1) sintered matrix method and <if) paste matrix method.

焼結マトリックス法とは、炭化珪素（Ｓ　ｉＣ）絶縁性
の微粉末（ニポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ｆＩ’ＦＥ
λのごときフッソ系樹脂を混合し、ポリエチレンブリコ
ール（ｐａＧ）のごとき造粘剤と共にインクを形成し、
このインクを電標間（二種々の方法で挾持させた後、不
活性雰囲気のなかで焼成すること（二より、比較的強固
な多孔質層を形成し最後に電解液を含浸することにより
電解質マトリックス層を形成するものである。またペー
ストマトリックス法とは、炭化珪素（８ｉＣ）のごとき
絶縁性微粉末、ＰＴＦＢのごときフッ素樹脂、および電
解液を種々の方法で混練し種々の方法で電極間に挾持さ
せることにより、電解質マトリックス層を形成するもの
である。しかしながら前記焼成マトリックス法：二より
形成された電解質マトリックス層は、焼成時（＝部側れ
を生じやすく、また電解液含浸時に含浸むら等の不均一
性を生じることもあり、泡出圧力の低下や導電性の低下
を引き起こし電池特性を劣化させることがある。The sintered matrix method uses silicon carbide (SiC) insulating fine powder (nipolytetrafluoroethylene (fI'FE)).
Mix a fluorine resin such as λ and form an ink with a thickening agent such as polyethylene glycol (paG),
This ink is sandwiched between electric signs (two methods), then fired in an inert atmosphere (second step) to form a relatively strong porous layer, and finally impregnated with an electrolyte solution to form an electrolyte layer. The paste matrix method involves kneading insulating fine powder such as silicon carbide (8iC), a fluororesin such as PTFB, and an electrolytic solution using various methods to form a matrix layer between the electrodes. However, in the fired matrix method, the electrolyte matrix layer formed from two parts tends to sag during firing, and uneven impregnation occurs when impregnated with electrolyte. This may cause non-uniformity such as, etc., which may cause a decrease in bubbling pressure and conductivity, leading to deterioration of battery characteristics.

またペーストマトリックス法（二より形成された電解質
マトリックスは、その混練時に混入した気泡が、電池起
電時間の経過と共に、結果し泡出圧力の低下および電極
触媒層への電解液のぬれ性の変化を生じ電池特性の劣化
を引き起こすことがあ　　　　　□った。In addition, in the paste matrix method (the electrolyte matrix formed from two is used), air bubbles mixed in during the kneading process result in a decrease in the bubbling pressure and a change in the wettability of the electrolyte to the electrode catalyst layer as the battery electrification time progresses. This may cause deterioration of battery characteristics.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明は上記事情（二鑑みて成されたものでその目的は
燃料電池の製造方法において特にペースト型電解質マト
リックスの製造工程において、電解質マトリックスに混
入する気泡を消滅させ、泡出圧力の高い均質な電解質マ
トリックス層を製造することのできる燃料電池の製造方
法を提供することにある。The present invention has been developed in view of the above-mentioned circumstances.The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate air bubbles mixed in the electrolyte matrix in the manufacturing method of a fuel cell, especially in the manufacturing process of a paste-type electrolyte matrix, and to produce a homogeneous material with high bubbling pressure. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a fuel cell that can manufacture an electrolyte matrix layer.

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

上記目的を達成するため；二本発明では、燃料電池の製
造方法においで、特に酸性電解液および耐電解液の微粉
末を混練して電解質ペーストを製造する工程を実質的に
純酸素雰囲気中で行うことを特徴とする。これにより電
解質マトリックスペースト（−混入する非反応性ガス（
Ｎ、）の混入を防止することができる。In order to achieve the above object; two, in the method of manufacturing a fuel cell, the process of manufacturing an electrolyte paste by kneading fine powders of an acidic electrolyte and an electrolyte-resistant solution is carried out in a substantially pure oxygen atmosphere. It is characterized by doing. This allows the electrolyte matrix paste (- mixed non-reactive gases (
N,) can be prevented from being mixed in.

更に電解質マトリックスには、触媒能を有する微粉末を
添加し、混入した酸素ガスがイオン化し、電池起電時に
供給される水素イオンと反応し水を生成することにより
、電解質マトリックス中１−存在した気泡を消滅させる
ものである。Furthermore, a fine powder with catalytic ability is added to the electrolyte matrix, and the mixed oxygen gas is ionized and reacts with the hydrogen ions supplied during battery electrification to generate water. It eliminates air bubbles.

この反応により、電解質マトリックス中（二存在した気
泡は消滅し、気泡のない均一組成の電解質マトリックス
層を形成するものである。Through this reaction, the air bubbles present in the electrolyte matrix disappear, forming an electrolyte matrix layer with a uniform composition without air bubbles.

し発明の実施例〕 以下、本発明の一実施例について説明する。本実施例で
は、マトリックスを次のよう（＝シで製造する。Embodiment of the present invention] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In this example, the matrix is manufactured as follows.

■　濃度１０５重量％リン酸１０１！をステンレス製減
圧容器中（１０〜１０気圧）で２４時間、４０℃〜８０
゛０の温度で高速回転により攪拌脱泡する。■Concentration 105% by weight phosphoric acid 101! in a stainless steel vacuum container (10 to 10 atm) for 24 hours at 40°C to 80°C.
Stir and defoam by high-speed rotation at a temperature of 0.

■　次（ニステンレス密閉容器中を実質的に純酸素で満
たし、６時間；攪拌後 ■　純酸素と共に炭化珪素（８ｉＣ）を容器内に送り炭
化珪素１０ＫＦが完全１；容器内；；送入された後、６
時間、実質的に純酸素雰囲気で混練を行なう。■Next (Fill the stainless steel airtight container with substantially pure oxygen for 6 hours; after stirring ■Silicon carbide (8iC) is sent into the container together with pure oxygen, and the silicon carbide 10KF is completely 1; into the container;; After 6
The kneading is carried out in a substantially pure oxygen atmosphere for a period of time.

■　その後、ＰＴＦＥ　（デイスバージョ液、固形分６
０Ｗ％　）溶液を全量２ｅを除々に滴下し、低速回転に
より２４時間攪拌を行なう。この工程（二おいても、ス
テンレス容器内トマ、必ず実質的（二純酸素雰囲気とす
ることが必要である。■ After that, PTFE (dice version liquid, solid content 6
0W%) solution (total amount 2e) was gradually added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 24 hours. In this step, it is necessary to create a substantially pure oxygen atmosphere inside the stainless steel container.

この工程においで、ＰＴＦＦＪ溶液としで、混合された
水分は蒸発するが、最終的なリン酸濃度の決定には、ス
テンレス容器の加熱、又は、水蒸気の添加（二よって行
なうものである。In this step, the water mixed with the PTFFJ solution evaporates, but the final phosphoric acid concentration is determined by heating the stainless steel container or adding water vapor.

また、触媒作用を有する白金を主成分とした金属担持の
炭素微粉末の添加は、ｐ’ｒｐｇ溶液添加後が望ましく
、添加量は炭化珪素の１チル２％（重量パーセント）が
望ましい。ここζ二実質的に純酸素雰囲気中とは酸素を
９０チ以上含む雰囲気中のことをいうものとする。Further, it is preferable to add the metal-supported carbon fine powder mainly composed of platinum having a catalytic action after adding the p'rpg solution, and the amount added is desirably 1 2% (weight percent) of silicon carbide. Here, the term "substantially pure oxygen atmosphere" refers to an atmosphere containing 90 or more oxygen.

し発明の効果〕 かくして本発明によれば、電解質マトリックス中（二存
在していた欠陥となる気泡が、電池の起電反応と共に消
滅し、均質な電解質層が形成されるため、電解質マトリ
ックス層のイオン抵抗を減少させ、また、電池泡出圧力
の増大につながる効果を有するものである。また、電解
質マトリックスの空気極近傍の酸素イオン濃度が高いた
め、電池初期特性の向上につながる効果も有するもので
ある０ また、電解質ペーストに添加する触媒作用を有する微粉
末は、酸素の還元反応の中間生成分としての過酸化水素
の分解作用を促進することも期待される。[Effects of the Invention] Thus, according to the present invention, the defective air bubbles that existed in the electrolyte matrix disappear with the electromotive reaction of the battery, and a homogeneous electrolyte layer is formed. It has the effect of reducing ionic resistance and increasing the battery bubbling pressure.It also has the effect of improving the initial characteristics of the battery because the oxygen ion concentration near the air electrode of the electrolyte matrix is high. It is also expected that the catalytic fine powder added to the electrolyte paste will promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which is an intermediate product of the oxygen reduction reaction.

次に図面を参照にしで、この発明の詳細な説明する。Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

第１図は、この発明：二係る電解質マ）　ＩＪフックス
製造方法により製造された電解質マトリックスを使用し
た電池の電池電圧の経時変化を示す図である。この時の
放電々流は２２ＱｍＡ／、ｊである。実線は、本発明（
こ係る電解質マ）　ＩＪフックス使用した電池、点線は
、従来法即ち空気中雰囲気中により製造された電解質マ
トリックスを使用した電池である。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change over time in the battery voltage of a battery using an electrolyte matrix manufactured by the IJ Fuchs manufacturing method according to the present invention. The discharge current at this time is 22QmA/,j. The solid line indicates the present invention (
The dotted line represents a battery using an electrolyte matrix manufactured by the conventional method, i.e., in an air atmosphere.

また、第２図はこの発明に係る電解質マトリックスの製
造方法（二より、製造された電解質マトリックスを使用
した電池の泡出圧力の経時変化を示す図である。実線は
、本発明に係る電解質マトリ１ツクスを使用した電池、
点線は従来法Ｃ二より製造された電解質マ）　ＩＪフッ
クス使用した電池である。Furthermore, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the change over time in the bubbling pressure of a battery using the electrolyte matrix produced by the method for producing the electrolyte matrix according to the present invention. A battery using 1 tux,
The dotted line is a battery using IJ Fuchs (electrolyte matrix manufactured by conventional method C2).

いずれの性能試験においでも４０００時間から５ｏｏｏ
時間を越えると性能：二差が出てくることがわかる。5ooo from 4000 hours in any performance test
It can be seen that there is a difference in performance over time.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は放電々流を一定にした場合の経過時間と電池電
圧との関係１＝ついて、本発明に係る方法と従来法によ
る比較図、第２図は泡出圧力と経過時間との関係につい
て、本発明（二係る方法と従来法による比較図である。 代理人　弁理士　則　近　憲　右　（ほか１名）（時間
） 第　　１　　図Figure 1 is a comparison diagram of the method according to the present invention and the conventional method regarding the relationship between elapsed time and battery voltage when the discharge current is constant, and Figure 2 is the relationship between bubbling pressure and elapsed time. This is a comparison diagram of the present invention (2 related methods and the conventional method).Representative Patent Attorney Noriyuki Chika (and 1 other person) (Time) Fig. 1

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）酸性電解液および耐電解液の微粉末を混練してな
る電解質ペーストを挾んで一対の多孔質電極を配置し、
前記一対の電極に燃料および酸化剤が流通している条件
下で電気エネルギーを出力する燃料電池の製造方法にお
いて、前記酸性電解液および耐電解液の微粉末を混練し
て電解質ペーストを製造する工程を実質的に純酸素雰囲
気中で行うことを特徴とする燃料電池の製造方法。(1) A pair of porous electrodes are placed between the electrolyte paste made by kneading fine powders of an acidic electrolyte and an electrolyte-resistant solution,
In the method for manufacturing a fuel cell that outputs electrical energy under conditions in which a fuel and an oxidizing agent are flowing through the pair of electrodes, a step of kneading fine powders of the acidic electrolyte and the electrolyte-resistant solution to produce an electrolyte paste. A method for producing a fuel cell, characterized in that the step is carried out in a substantially pure oxygen atmosphere. （２）前記酸性電解液および耐電解液の微粉末を混練し
て電解質ペーストを製造する工程において触媒作用を有
する微粉末を電解質ペーストに添加することを特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃料電池の製造方法。(2) A fine powder having a catalytic action is added to the electrolyte paste in the step of kneading the fine powders of the acidic electrolyte and the electrolyte-resistant solution to produce the electrolyte paste. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell. （３）前記触媒作用を有する微粉末は白金を主成分とす
る金属であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第２項記
載の燃料電池の製造方法。(3) The method for manufacturing a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the fine powder having a catalytic action is a metal whose main component is platinum. （４）前記白金を前記耐電解液の微粉末の１重量％ない
し２重量％添加することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
３項記載の燃料電池の製造方法。(4) The method for manufacturing a fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that the platinum is added in an amount of 1% to 2% by weight of the fine powder of the electrolytic solution.
JP60110504A 1985-05-24 1985-05-24 Manufacture of fuel cell Pending JPS61269858A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60110504A JPS61269858A (en) 1985-05-24 1985-05-24 Manufacture of fuel cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60110504A JPS61269858A (en) 1985-05-24 1985-05-24 Manufacture of fuel cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS61269858A true JPS61269858A (en) 1986-11-29

Family

ID=14537443

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60110504A Pending JPS61269858A (en) 1985-05-24 1985-05-24 Manufacture of fuel cell

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS61269858A (en)

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