JPS61234776A - Method of cultivating mycelium of basidiomycetes - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To cultivate the titled mycelium useful as a raw material for a drug such as a carcinostatic agent, etc., collectable >=several times in a year in large amount in stable qualities, by adding a mold of spore or a mycelium of Basidiomycetes to an aqueous liquid medium and subjecting it to spinner culture at a constant temperature. CONSTITUTION:(B) A mold of spore or a mycelium of Basidiomycetes (e.g., Ganoderma lucidum, etc.) is added to (A) an aqueous liquid medium consisting of (i) a soluble starch as a carbon, hydrogen and oxygen sources, (ii) a liquid fertilizer which becomes a nitrogen source and contains other nutritive sourcese and preferably (iii) a very small amount of an amylase and subjected to spinner culture at a constant temperature to cultivate the aimed mycelium. The amount of the component i is 10-15wt.%, the nitrogen content in the component ii is 7-10 wt.% and the amount of the component iii added is 0.05-0.5 wt.%, and a digestive enzyme agent comprising mainly Takadiastase N1 is preferably used as the component iii.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for culturing basidiomycete mycelia.

In recent years, basidiomycetes, such as reishi mushrooms (also known as perennial mushrooms), which belong to the family Salmonaceae, have come to be used in various fields as raw materials for various medicines, including anticancer drugs, and health foods. Recently, greenhouse cultivation has become popular as there are limitations in terms of production, and the quality and production amount fluctuate due to the influence of climate.

Along with this, research on the ingredients of reishi has been actively conducted and published one after another, but unlike edible mushrooms, the entire fruiting body of reishi, which consists of a cap and a stalk, is corky and durable. Since it is impossible to make it edible, the only use was to make the active ingredient into an extract or to use it as a precursor. However, since Reishi is an annual plant, it has the disadvantage that it can only be harvested once a year.

Therefore, the present inventors have developed a basidiomycete that can be cultured throughout the year, is soft like an edible mushroom, and can be used as an extract or a front layer to easily extract the active ingredients.
The present invention was developed as a result of intensive research aimed at developing a method that allows for stable quality and large amounts of harvesting, even several times a year.

Among the basidiomycetes, for example, looking at the life history of Ganoderma lucidum, spores emerge from the basidia, germinate, become germinated spores, grow, hyphae join, and then hyphal mass → primordium formation → fruiting body → spores. , he repeats.

Of these, the mycelium seems to have a different composition compared to the fruiting body, but according to the analysis results of the fermentation engineering laboratory of Osaka University, the mycelium of shiitake mushrooms has been reported to have superior compositional results than the fruiting body. Considering this, it is expected that the mycelium of Reishi mushrooms will be more effective than the fruiting bodies. However, this has not yet been confirmed.

At present, there is nothing noteworthy about the composition of the spores, so in most cases they are discarded. However, the mycelium cultured from these spores is fully expected to be effective. This is because, unlike fruiting bodies, mycelia are soft like edible mushrooms, and if they can be cultured in large quantities with stable quality, it is thought that the active ingredients can be easily extracted as an extract or as a precursor.

The present invention was invented in view of the above circumstances, and the purpose is to provide a culture method that allows the mycelium of Basidiomycetes to be collected in large quantities and with stable quality, and more than once a year. There is.

That is, the present invention uses at least soluble starch as a source of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and other starch as a source of nitrogen. ! The iw of the first invention is to use an aqueous liquid medium consisting of a liquid fertilizer that also contains a source; add spore fungi or hyphae of basidiomycetes to this aqueous liquid medium, and perform constant-temperature agitation culture. .

Furthermore, the gist of the second invention is to add a small amount of starch-degrading enzyme to the aqueous liquid medium to facilitate culture and increase culture efficiency.

Examples of soluble starch in this) include horse yam starch.

Examples include sweet potato starch, which can be used alone or in combination. Also, add this soluble starch to 1
It is preferable to use a highly concentrated aqueous solution of 0% or more. However, considering its solubility, it is 10 to 1
5% is optimal. Note that the gelatinization concentration of these soluble starches used for industrial purposes is about 5 to 10% at most.

As the nitrogen source, an aqueous solution in which urea, potassium nitrate, etc. are dissolved can be used, and the nitrogen content is adjusted to be 7 to 10%. For example, the ingredient composition of a typical commercially available liquid fertilizer is 5% nitrogen and 8% phosphoric acid by weight.
, potassium 7%, and other trace elements as a mineral source (
(magnesium, boron, manganese, iron, etc.), but if nitrogen is insufficient, it is desirable to supplement it by dissolving urea, etc. This ensures the necessary amount of nitrogen and other nutrients.

Furthermore, as the starch degrading enzyme, for example, Takadiastase N1, which is known as a main component of digestive enzyme preparations, can be used. This is added to prevent the culture solution from becoming del-shaped at low temperatures, but the addition of Takadiastase N facilitates the decomposition of carbohydrates, proteins, and spore skin. It also appears to have the effect of promoting the germination of the spores themselves. This not only makes culturing easier, but also increases culture efficiency.

The mycelium itself, unlike the fruiting body, is soft and suitable for tank culture. Therefore, liquid tank culture is optimal because it is easy to manage.

According to the present invention, spores germinate and progress to hyphae and zygotic hyphae through cultivation, but because stirring is continued, the hyphae do not progress any further. In addition, the experimental results confirmed that the spores continued to increase in number to several thousand times the initial amount.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be explained regarding the mycelium culture of Ganoderma lucidum, but the type of mycelium is not limited to this example, and if it is at least Basidiomycete mycelium, the same method can be used. It is something that can be implemented.

First, dissolve potato starch as a soluble starch in hot water with stirring to make an aqueous solution of 10% or more.
When the solution has cooled (approximately 40°C), add approximately 0.1% of Takadiastase N1, stir well, and then dissolve urea in the commercially available liquid fertilizer mentioned above to replenish the nitrogen content to 8%. Add a small amount (approximately 3 to 5%) of liquid fertilizer.

Next, when the temperature of this aqueous liquid medium reaches 20 to 25°C, Ganoderma spores or hyphae are added, and constant temperature stirring culture is continued at the same temperature (the temperature of constant temperature stirring varies depending on the species).

This constant-temperature agitation allows the culture to proceed rapidly, but as the culture progresses, the nutrients in the medium decrease, so the decreased nutrients are successively replenished. The supplementary nutrients at this time should be approximately 1,710 soluble starch added to 91 liters.

The number of days of culture depends on the amount of spores or hyphae added, but foaming is active during the reaction. When this bubbling phenomenon almost disappears, it can be determined that the reaction has ended.

After the reaction is completed, the mycelium and the liquid are separated by centrifugation, the mycelium is thoroughly washed with water, and the mycelium is dried under reduced pressure at a low temperature. It is recommended to manufacture and package plant virus control agents, etc.). This is because viruses containing enzymes and interferon are expected to adhere to the mycelium, so it is best to formulate the product as active as possible.

However, the exact composition and efficacy of mycelium will have to wait for future research, but judging from the active status of other plant groups, it seems that it has some special efficacy other than its composition. .

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) Using an aqueous liquid medium consisting of at least soluble starch as a source of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and a liquid fertilizer that serves as a nitrogen source and also contains other nutrient sources; A method for culturing basidiomycete mycelia, which comprises adding spore fungi or hyphae of basidiomycetes and performing constant-temperature agitation culture. 2) The concentration of soluble starch in the aqueous liquid medium is 10% by weight.
The mycelium culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount is 15%. 3) The mycelium culture method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 7 to 10%. 4) Using an aqueous liquid medium consisting of at least soluble starch as a source of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, a liquid fertilizer which serves as a nitrogen source and also contains other nutrient sources, and a trace amount of starch-degrading enzyme; 1. A method for culturing basidiomycete mycelia, which comprises adding basidiomycete spores or mycelia to a basidiomycete and carrying out constant-temperature agitation culture. 5) The concentration of soluble starch in the aqueous liquid medium is 10% by weight.
5. The mycelium culturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount is 15%. 6) The mycelium culture method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 7 to 10%. 7) The mycelium culturing method according to claims 4 to 6, wherein the amount of the starch degrading enzyme added in the aqueous liquid medium is 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. 8) The mycelium culture method according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a digestive enzyme mainly containing Takadiastase N_1 is used as the starch degrading enzyme.