JPS6075763A - Retarder for car - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To permit the effective utilization of the captioned apparatus by permitting a dynamo to operate as starter motor when the armature coil of the dynamo is put into electric conduction by a battery, in a retarder which is constituted of the dynamo and in which brake force is obtained by absorbing a torque by the power generation action of the dynamo. CONSTITUTION:A flywheel 4 fixed onto a crankshaft is accommodated into a flywheel housing 2 formed onto the back-surface side of an engine, and a plurality of inductor magnetic poles 7 are installed at a certain pitch onto the outer peripheral surface of the flywheel 4, and thus a retarder is formed. A plurality of ball cores 9 which are accommodated into a case 8 and arranged in the circumferential direction of the flywheel 4 are provided over and under the housing 2, and the stator of an inductor type dynamo is formed by winding an armature coil 11 and a field coil 12 onto each core 9. The field coil 12 is connected to a battery through a controller, and a load resistance whose resistance value varies according to the number of engine revolution is connected to the armature coil 11.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a retarder for an automobile, and in particular, the flywheel of an engine is used as a rotor, and a stator is attached to a flywheel housing. The present invention relates to a retarder for an automobile, which absorbs 1-luke by the work applied from the outside when the generator generates electricity, thereby obtaining braking force.

Retarders conventionally used to brake automobiles use eddy currents, which rotate the rotor in a magnetic field formed by a stator coil to generate eddy currents in the rotor, which is made of a conductor. It was designed to convert kinetic energy into thermal energy. Such a conventional eddy current retarder has a size J3J:
This had the disadvantage of increasing length and weight. Furthermore, since the above rotor is equipped with cooling fins, the braking (j
Even if J3 does not bend, the -1- fin always suffers windage damage due to its rotation, which has the disadvantage of worsening fuel efficiency. In addition to retarders, -L exhaust brakes are sometimes used to provide braking force to the vehicle, but when extreme brakes are used, they have the inconvenience of emitting a unique noise. .

In view of this problem, a retarder made of ζ, 5'M electric machine has been proposed. This generator is, for example, an inductor type.
Since it is composed of an electric machine and its rotor is also used as the flywheel of the engine, the retarder can be constructed compactly. However, such conventional retarders have been used only to determine the braking force of a vehicle, and have not been used for any other purpose. That is, for example, when cranking an engine, a starter motor provided at an LJ separately from the retarder has been used. Therefore, according to the conventional retarder.

The drawback is that it cannot be used effectively except for providing braking force to a vehicle.

The present invention was made in view of these problems, and it is possible to crank the engine by using a retarder consisting of a generator to provide braking force to the vehicle as a motor. Its purpose is to provide a retarder for automobiles.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to an illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows an engine 1 equipped with a retarder according to the present embodiment, and the engine 1 is, for example, a diesel engine. A flywheel housing 2 is provided on the back side of the engine 1, and an IC flywheel 4 is fixed to the crankshaft 3 and housed within the housing 2 (
(See Figure 2). Furthermore, a gear transmission 5 is arranged on the back side of the flywheel housing 2, which changes the rotation speed of the engine 1 to an appropriate timing and transmits it to the drive wheels via the propeller shirt (-). It's starting to look like this.

Next, we will talk about the horizontal retarder installed in this engine 1.As shown in Figure 2, the housing 2
Inductor magnetic poles 7 are provided at a predetermined pitch along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the flywheel 4 disposed inside. The flywheel 4 provided with this magnetic pole 7 constitutes a rotor of an inductor type generator, and this generator constitutes a retarder of an automobile. Cases 8 are mounted on the top and bottom of the housing 2, respectively, and a stator of an inductor type generator is housed in the case 8. As shown in FIG. 3, this stator includes a plurality of ball cores 9 arranged in the circumferential direction of the flywheel 4.
It is equipped with The lower end of the ball core 9 faces the inductor magnetic pole 7 via a small air chamber, and the upper end thereof is fixed to the cover plate of the case 8 via the stator yoke 10.

An armature coil 1 and a field coil 12 are wound around the C-ball core 9, respectively. Note that the armature coil 11 is wound across two ball cores 9. One field coil 12 is wound around each ball core 9.

As shown in FIG. 4, the field coil 12 is connected to a battery 13 mounted on the vehicle.

Note that a series circuit including a switch 4 and a controller 15 is connected between the field coil 12 and the battery 13. On the other hand, the electric coil 11 is connected to a load resistor 17 via a retarder switch 16. Note that this load resistor 17 is composed of a variable resistor, and its resistance value changes depending on the engine speed. Furthermore, the armature coil 11 is connected to an input terminal of a full-wave rectifier 19 via a switch 18. The output terminal of the full-wave rectifier 9 is connected to a parallel circuit of the rectifier 20 and the battery 13. The battery 13 is connected to another W1 component 21.

Further, the battery 13 is connected to the D/D via the key switch 22.
It is connected to the A converter 24. Soshukuko D／△
] The inverter 24 is connected to the four bipedal armature coils 11.

]/Δ converter 24 converts direct current from battery 13 into alternating current and supplies it to armature coil 11, which allows the retarder to be used as a starter motor. be. The armature coil 11 is connected between four transistors 25.2G and 27.28, as shown in FIG. ] One end of the coil 1 is connected to the conimitter of the transistor 25.
The other end of the coil 1 is connected to the collector of the transistor 26 and the collector of the transistor 28. Note that two protection diodes are connected between the collectors and emitters of these transistors 25 to 28, respectively. Further, the collectors of transistors 25 and 26 are connected to the battery 13, and the emitters of transistors 27 and 28 are grounded.

The bases of the pair of transistors 1 to 25 and 28 are connected to the collector of the control transistor 30,
Similarly, the bases of the transistors 26 and 27 are connected to the collectors of the control transistors 1 to 31. The emitters of these transistors 30, 31 are connected to the battery 13, and their bases are respectively connected to the collectors of 1-transistors 32, 33 via resistors. The base of the transistor 32 is connected to the output terminal of the amplifier 34, and the base of the transistor 32 is connected to the output terminal of the amplifier 34.
3 is connected to an amplifier 34 via a phase inverter 35. Both the d3 amplifier 34 and the phase inverter 35 are composed of operational amplifiers, and are driven by a constant voltage circuit composed of a resistor 36 and a Zener diode 37.

The input terminal of the amplifier 34 is connected to a rotation detection lever 38. The rotation detection sensor 38 is the flywheel 4
The rotational position of the motor is detected, thereby supplying a sinusoidal pulse to the amplifier . Further, this lens 938 is connected to an integrating circuit 39, and the output of the sensor 938 is supplied to this integrating circuit 39. The output end of the integrating circuit 39 is supplied to the bases of a pair of transistors /IO1/IO11. These 1 to 40.41 rectors are 1 to 3, respectively.
The base of 2.33 is connected, and the 1-mitter of transistor 40.41 is grounded.

Next, the operation of this automobile retarder having the above structure will be explained. First, the operation in which braking force is obtained by the retarder made of this generator will be explained. For example, when the car is going down a long slope, the switches 14 and 16 of the circuit shown in FIG. 3 are closed. When the switch 14 is closed, the battery 13 is connected to the controller 1.
A current flows through the field coil 12 of this inductor type generator through the inductor type generator, and the coil 12 is excited. As shown in FIG. 3, the field coil 12 magnetizes two ball cores 9 in opposite directions, and a pair of ball cores 9 around which a common armature coil 11 is wound are connected to each other. They are magnetized so that they have different polarities. Therefore, at a certain moment, a magnetic circuit 42 as shown by the dotted line in FIG. When it moves, a magnetic circuit 43 as shown by the chain line at J5 in FIG. 3 is formed. The magnetic fluxes passing through these magnetic circuits 42, 43 both interlink with the armature coil 11, and the directions of the magnetic fluxes passing through the two magnetic circuits 42, 43 are reversed. Therefore, due to this change in magnetic flux, an electromotive force is induced in the armature coil 11, and this inductor type generator generates electricity.

This means engine 1 or vehicle or flywheel 4.
The work done from the outside is then used as braking force. '7J - By the power generation of the straw inductor type generator, (1 ~ luke) is absorbed and the vehicle receives braking force () and is decelerated.Then, the photoelectric output at this time is nJ variable resistance 17 Therefore, it is consumed.

Furthermore, the output of the generator that makes up this retarder is not only consumed by the variable resistance resistor 17 as described above, but also can be used to charge the battery 13. When charging the battery 13 using the output from the machine, both switch 17'l and switch 18 of the circuit shown in FIG. 4 are closed. An electromotive force is induced.The output of this induced alternating current is full-wave rectified by a full-wave rectifier 19, and the voltage is adjusted by a regulator 20 to provide a C balance 1.
3 and charges this battery 13. d5 At this time, other electrical components 21 can also be driven at the same time. If the switch 16 is closed when charging the battery 13, part of the generated output will be consumed by the resistor 17, and the battery 13 will be charged by other electromotive force. And charge the battery 13 with the power consumed by the resistor 17? l
The percentage of power applied can be controlled by adjusting the value of resistor 17.

Further, the inductor type generator constituting this retarder can be used as a starter motor to crank the engine by passing current through its armature (JIl 11). To explain this operation, when starting the engine, the key switch 22 is closed and the switch 14 is also closed. By closing the switch 14, current flows from the battery 13 to the field coil 12, forming a magnetic circuit 42 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the switch 22 is closed, a current flows through the armature coil 11 according to the J circuit shown in FIG. The direction is alternately reversed.The sensor 3B is connected to the flywheel 4.
The rotational position of the motor is detected, and a sinusoidal output is supplied to the amplifier 34. Amplifier 34 is sensor 38
The output of 1- is not only amplified and waveform-shaped and supplied to the base of 1-
5 to the base of the 1-herald transistor 33.

If the output of amplifier 34 is now at a high level, transistor 32 and transistor 30 will be conductive. Therefore, the collector current of the -C transistor 30 is supplied to the bases of the transistors 1 to 25.28, and these pair of transistors 25.28 are rendered conductive. Current from battery 13 therefore flows through transistor 25, armature coil 11, and l-ranches 28 to ground. Therefore, at this moment, a current flows in the armature coil 11 in the direction shown by the arrow 44.

In response, the flywheel 4 rotates by an angle corresponding to 1/2 of the pitch of the magnetic pole 7, and
and when the output of amplifier 34 goes low, transistor 32.30 is switched non-conducting and the output of this amplifier 34 is applied via phase inverter 35 to the base of transistor 330, so that the i-transistor 32.
3.31 is conductive. and 1 - transistor 31]
These 1-transistors 26.27 are rendered conductive because the collector current is supplied to the base of the transistors 26.27. Therefore, current flows from battery 13 to ground via transistor 26, armature coil 11, and transistor 27. That is, at this time, the current flowing through the armature coil 11 is in the -+7j direction as indicated by the arrow 45.

In this way, the field coil 12 is excited by the battery 13, and the magnetic circuits 42 and 43 shown in FIG. As the flywheel 4 or the inductor (magnetic pole 7) rotates, a current flows through the coil 11 whose direction alternately reverses, so the armature coil 11 receives a force in the rotational direction. However, since this armature coil 11 constitutes a stator, it cannot rotate, and the inductor magnetic pole 7 receives a rotational force as a reaction force.
The flywheel 4 rotates and cranks the engine 1 4f.

In this way, the engine 1 is started.

Do you want to run like this? 'j', ' to avoid rotating the engine 1, and the rotation speed of the flywheel 4 is upper lil? J, the frequency of the detection output of rotation detection sensor υ3ε3 is high <'i',,y, so sensor 1]3
The output of the integrating circuit 39 to which the output of 8 is supplied gradually increases. The output of the circuit 39 is then supplied to the bases of the transistors 10 and /11, respectively.
Because of the design, these transistors /10141 become conductive when the output of the integrating circuit exceeds a predetermined value. Therefore, the output of the amplifier 34 or phase inverter 35 is grounded to these transistors 40 and 41, and 1
~ Prevent conduction of transistors 32 and 33. In this way, if the rotation speed of the engine 1 exceeds a predetermined value,
The supply of current to the armature coil 11 is set to V;J, and the motor is stopped.

As described above, the retarder according to this embodiment can not only apply braking force to the vehicle by using it for its original purpose, but also charge the battery with the output of the generator that constitutes the retarder. It is now possible to drive other electrical components. Furthermore, by using the generator that constitutes this retarder as a motor, it is possible to crank the engine. Furthermore, the generator and starter motor have the same mechanical configuration and can be shared with each other, and by providing only a circuit for supplying current to the armature coil of the generator, This generator can be used as a starter motor. Therefore, according to a car equipped with such a retarder, the starter motor can be omitted.
It becomes possible to write. Moreover, since the rX machine that also serves as the starter Tanabata is configured as an inductor type,
The armature coil 11 and the field coil 12 are respectively provided on the stator side, and there is no need for a mechanism for supplying current to or taking out current from the rotating part, and the structure is simple. This makes it highly durable.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to an illustrated embodiment, the present invention (
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment L, the retarder that also serves as a starter motor is constructed from an inductor type generator, but the present invention can utilize various other types of generators. Furthermore, the circuit that supplies current from the battery to the armature coil can be changed in various ways depending on the change in the generator.

As described above, the present invention provides a circuit for supplying current from a battery to the armature coil of a generator (), and by passing current through the armature coil through this circuit, the generator is used as a starter motor to drive the engine. Therefore, according to the present invention, the generator constituting the retarder can also be used as a starter motor, thereby eliminating the need for a starter motor in an automobile. You will be able to do this.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a side view of an automobile engine equipped with a retarder according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an external perspective view of the retarder installed in the cylinder, and Fig. 3 is an essential part of the retarder. The exploded front view and Figure 4 are the circuit diagrams of this retarder.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a circuit that supplies current from a battery to an armature coil. 1... Engine 2... Flywheel housing 4... Flywheel 7... Inductor magnetic pole 9... Ball core 11... Armature coil 12 . . . Field coil 13 . . Battery 24 . . . D/A: ] inverter. Applicant: Hino Motors Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] The flywheel of the engine is used as a rotor, and the flywheel housing is provided with a stator [f. The rotor and stator constitute a generator, and the generator generates electricity. When the retarder is designed to absorb the torque applied from the outside with J and obtain the braking force with J, a current (J An automobile retarder characterized by providing a circuit, and by passing current through the armature coil through the circuit, the generator can be used as a starter motor to drive the engine and crank the engine. .