JPS5898791A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument in which a volume change or a timbre change over time is automatically applied to an albejo performance sound or a glissando performance sound.

2. Description of the Related Art Automatic performance devices that sequentially form arpeggio constituent notes or glissando performance constituent notes whose pitches have a predetermined relationship with each other in response to pressing of a key on a keyboard, and automatically play these tones are conventionally known. However, such an automatic performance device only sequentially generates musical tones of a predetermined pitch, but does not control the volume or timbre at all, so it has the disadvantage that the automatically performed sounds lack musical interest. . Using an expression pedal to solve this drawback,
Although it is conceivable to control the volume of the automatically played sound by operating the expression pedal, such volume control using the expression pedal requires a fairly sophisticated performance technique. In the first place, the automatic performance function was originally created for beginners with unskilled performance skills, and it is difficult to require high-level expression pedal operation when using such an automatic performance function. Met.

In addition, the volume control using the expression pedal described above not only controls the volume of the automatic performance sound but also the volume of other performance sounds such as melody sounds at the same time, so it is necessary to selectively control the volume of only the automatic performance sound. It was impossible.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument that automatically adds temporal volume changes or timbre changes to an arpeggio sound or a grissando performance sound. do.

For this purpose, the present invention is provided with a control signal generating means that generates a control signal that changes over time, and generates arpeggio constituent notes, glitzando constituent notes, etc. in response to the control signal generated from the control signal generating means. The chestnut sound 1 or tone is automatically controlled.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached sheet.

The first example is an embodiment of the present invention, in which the present invention is applied to a single child musical instrument equipped with an automatic arpeggio system. The key press detection circuit 1 is used for upper press board UK and lower press board L.
K, a key code K Cf for detecting the keys being pressed on the pedal keyboard PK and identifying the @'tr- keys;
Output. The key code KC is the keyboard code Kl for 2 pits F.
, a 2.3-bit octave code QC (OCI
, OC2, 0C3) and 4-bit note code NC
(NCI,.

An example of this key code KC? : As shown in the table, the first
It will look like a table.

The key code KC output from the first key press detection circuit 1 is applied to the sound generation assignment circuit 2. The pronunciation assignment circuit 2 has a plurality of (
For example, a sound generation channel (Sho) is provided, and control is performed to allocate each t-code KCI outputted from the key press detection circuit 1 to one of the sound generation channels. The sound generation channels of the sound generation allocation circuit 2 are composed of time-division channels, and each channel operates with a circular shift operation, for example, 11 bits (corresponding to the number of bits of the key code KC), 12
It corresponds to the contents of each stage of the shift register of stages (corresponding to the number of channels). In other words, the sound generation assignment circuit 2'' uses the key code KC output from the key press detection circuit 1.
'' is assigned to one of the stages of the shift register and stored, and outputted in a time-division manner in synchronization with the channel time whose time slot is the shift time of the shift register.Furthermore, the sound generation assignment circuit 2 assigns it to each channel. The key-on signal KONm, which indicates the pressed state of the key corresponding to the key code KC, is released (@1'' when the key is pressed and becomes 02 when the key is released), and this is synchronized with the time of each channel. Output in time division.

The key code KC and key-on signal KON of each channel output in a time-division manner from the sound generation assignment circuit 2 are applied to the musical tone formation circuit 3, and the system tone formation circuit 3 corresponds to the key code KC output from the sound generation allocation circuit 2. musical tone signals are formed for each channel. The musical tone signals formed for each channel by the musical tone forming circuit 3 are properly mixed and applied to the sound system 4, where they are produced as musical tones.

Also, among the key code KC and key-on signal KON output from the sound generation assignment circuit 2, the keyboard code included in the key code KC is 2. Kl and the key-on signal KON are applied to the lower keyboard key press channel detection circuit 5, and the octave code OC and note code NC included in the key code KC are applied to the gate circuit 6.

The lower keyboard key press channel detection circuit 5 detects 2. Based on Kl and the key-on signal KON, a channel to which a key code KC indicating a key belonging to the lower keyboard LK and which is currently being pressed is assigned is detected. In response to this detection, a signal @11t- is output at the channel time corresponding to the channel. This signal "1" is applied to the enable terminal EN of the gate circuit 6. Therefore, the gate circuit 6 has a key code K indicating the key belonging to the lower keyboard LK and which is currently being pressed.
C is opened for each assigned channel time, and all octave codes OC and note codes NC included in the key code KC assigned to that channel time are extracted and added to the automatic alvejo circuit 7.

The automatic arpeggio circuit 7 has an arpeggio pattern memory 1
Alpejo pattern data ARD generated from 0 is added, and a key code KC' indicating an automatic arpeggio sound is formed based on this arpeggio pattern data ARD and the octave code OC and note code NC extracted by the gate circuit 6. do.

Incidentally, in this embodiment, the reading of the arpeggio pattern data ARD from the arpeggio pattern memory 10 is performed in synchronization with automatic rhythm performance, which is another automatic performance function of the electronic musical instrument shown in this embodiment. Here, I will briefly explain automatic rhythm performance.

The automatic rhythm performance proceeds based on tempo pulses TP generated by the tempo oscillator 8. The tempo oscillator 8 is composed of a variable oscillator whose oscillation frequency can be set arbitrarily.
The pulse signal generated by the tempo oscillator 8 is applied to the counter 9 as a tempo pulse TP. counter 9
is driven by this tempo pulse TP, and operates as an address generator for an albejo pattern memory 10 and a rhythm pattern memory 11, which will be described next.

The arpeggio pattern memory 10 and the rhythm pattern memory 11 each consist of a read-only memory (ROM), and each of the arpeggio patterns and rhythm patterns for two measures, for example, is unique, and the output of the counter 9 is used as an address. Albejo pattern data ARD and rhythm pattern data RYDt based on the stored albejo pattern and rhythm pattern
- Read each. Here, the arpeggio pattern data ARD includes rank order information for selecting the arpeggio constituent tones to be generated from among the notes of the key being pressed on the lower keyboard LK, and the rhythm pattern data RYD contains the rhythm to be generated. It includes rhythm pattern pulses for opening and closing musical instrument sounds. The arpeggio pattern data ARD read from the arpeggio pattern memory 10 is added to the automatic arpeggio circuit 7, and the rhythm pattern data RYD read from the rhythm pattern memory 11 is applied to the rhythm sound source 1.
Added to 2.

Rhythm sounds ip and L2 are provided with a plurality of sound source circuits that generate rhythm instruments ft- of various tones, and rhythm sound source signals generated from these sound source circuits are stored in the rhythm pattern memory 1.
It opens and closes based on the rhythm pattern data RYD from 1.
A musical tone signal corresponding to the rhythm tone is formed. A musical sound signal corresponding to the rhythm sound outputted from the rhythm sound source is added to the sound system 4 and is emitted as an automatic rhythm sound.

The automatic arpeggio circuit 7 orders the notes of the key being pressed on the lower note board LK extracted by the gate (b) path 6 and the notes that are in an octave relationship with the front of the face into pitches, and selects one of these notes. By sequentially selecting sounds based on the ranking information of the albejo pattern data ARD, an albejo composition sound is selected, and a key code KC' indicating the albejo composition sound is formed in response to this selection. Such an automatic arpeggio circuit is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-124947.
A device similar to that disclosed in the specification of the invention entitled "Electronic Musical Instrument" (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 54-48429) can be used. A key code KC' indicating the arpeggio constituent tones sequentially formed by the automatic arpeggio circuit 7 is applied to the arpeggio tone generator 13, and the key code KC' is applied to the arpeggio tone generator 13.
A musical tone ``wound'' sign indicating the albejo constituent notes corresponding to `` is formed.

This musical tone signal is subjected to timbre and volume control via a voltage controlled filter (VCF) 14 and a voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) 15t, and then added to the sound system 4.

By the way, in the present invention, the voltage control type filter 14 and the 'can pressure control type amplifier 1st control waveform signal generation circuit 1
By performing control over time based on the control waveform signal C8 generated from the control waveform signal C8 generated from the control waveform signal C8, the albejo component tones are given temporal timbre changes and temporal volume changes.

The control waveform signal generation circuit 16 includes two resistors 161 and 162.
．． Two FgT (-field effect transistor) gates 163
, 164, an inverter 165, and a capacitor 166, and the bar pulse signal mp output from the counter 9.
A control waveform signal CB is generated in response to. counter 9
As shown in FIG. 2(a), the bar pulse signal mp outputted from the bar is a pulse with a duty ratio of 1/2, and its period corresponds to a bar. /J-fin pulse Y like this
No. d mp is the FET generator 1 of the control waveform signal generation circuit 16.
63 and is inverted by an inverter 165 and applied to the FET gate 164. Therefore, if the measure pulse signal mp is 11, the F'ET gate 163
is on, FET gate 164 is off, and capacitor 166 is charged via resistor 161 and FET gate 163t- with a time constant determined by the resistance value of resistor 161 and the capacitance value of capacitor 166. Further, when the bar pulse signal mp becomes "O", the FET gate 163 is turned off, the FET gate 164 is turned on, and the capacitor 16
6 is discharged via the FET gate 164 and the resistor 162t with a time constant determined by the resistance value of the resistor 162 and the capacitance value of the capacitor 166.

Now, assuming that the resistance values of the resistors 161 and 162 are equal, the output of the capacitor 166, that is, the control waveform signal generation circuit 1
From the output of 6, a symmetrical triangular wave signal having a period of one bar as shown in FIG. 2(b) is generated.

This signal is applied as a control waveform signal C8 to the control inputs of the voltage controlled filter 14 and the voltage controlled amplifier 15. As a result, the filter characteristics (cutoff frequency and Q constant) of the voltage-controlled filter 14 are controlled according to the control waveform signal C8 shown in FIG. 2(b), and the gain of the voltage-controlled amplifier 15 is similarly controlled as shown in FIG. Controlled according to the control waveform signal C8 shown in (b), the sound system 4 can produce an arpeggio sound whose timbre and volume change over time, with each measure as one cycle. An example of such an albejo performance is shown in a musical score only in terms of volume as shown in FIG. 3(e). That is, the volume of the albejo performance sound increases sequentially from the beginning of the measure to the center of the measure, decreases sequentially from the center of the measure to the end of the measure, and this is repeated.

In the above embodiment, the control waveform signal generation circuit 1 generates the control waveform signal CB which is periodically repeated in units of one measure.
Although the control waveform signal C8 generated from the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 is configured to control the voltage-controlled filter 14 and the voltage-controlled amplifier 15 by this control waveform signal C8, the control waveform signal C8 generated from the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 is Furthermore, the configuration of the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 is not limited to that described above. For example, a signal that is repeated in units of multiple bars may be generated as the control waveform signal C8. In this case, this can be easily achieved, for example, by frequency-dividing the bar pulse signal mpt with an appropriate divider and applying it to the control waveform signal generation circuit 16.

Alternatively, a control waveform signal O8 that changes in multiple cycles within one bar may be used. In this case, the measure pulse signal mp
Instead, a pulse signal having a shorter cycle than the bar pulse signal mp (for example, a pulse signal having one cycle as a temple bar) may be taken out from the counter 9 and applied to the control waveform signal generation circuit 16. Furthermore, if the inverter 165'1 provided on the FET gate 164 side in the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 is installed on the FET gate 163 side, the control waveform signal C8 will be half the value shown in FIG. 2(b). It is possible to obtain temporal timbre changes and temporal volume changes with characteristics opposite to those of the above embodiment.

Further, in the above embodiment, the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 utilizes the charging/discharging characteristics of a capacitor, but instead of this, a well-known function waveform generator or a memory device storing a predetermined waveform at a predetermined waveform may be used. be able to. With this configuration, it becomes possible to obtain an arbitrary control waveform signal C8. By the way, the musical tone signal output from the tone generator 13 is digital data, and the filter 14. When a tone control circuit (digital filter) or a volume control circuit having a digital circuit configuration is used as the amplifier 15, the control waveform signal C8 generated from the circuit 16 is of course also digital data.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic glissando playing device. In addition, in FIG. 3, only the parts related to automatic glissando performance are extracted, and other parts are omitted. Automatic Gritsando performance is a method of sequentially producing multiple notes whose pitch rises or falls every semitone at the pitch of the newly pressed key, based on the pitch of the previously pressed key. . Third
In the figure, the key corresponding to a specific note (for example, the lowest note) among the keys pressed on the keyboard 21 is selected by the single note selection encoder 4, and the single note selection encoder 22 generates a key code KC that identifies this selected key. Occur. As this key code KC, the same ones as shown in Table 1 above can be used. Also, single note selection encoder 4 produces one two-knee key on pulse N when a new key is selected.
A key-on signal KON''It is generated at KP' and indicates that the selected key is being pressed.

The key code KC indicating the single key outputted from the single note selection encoder 22 is added to the latch circuit.

The latch circuit field has a new key on pulse NKP outputted from the single note selection encoder 22 applied to its strobe terminal S, and the key outputted from the single note selection encoder 4 at the timing of this new key on pulse NKP; Latch. The key code KC latched by the latch circuit 4 is applied to the A input of the comparator circuit 4. The comparison circuit 24 has the key code KC' stored in the register 5 added to the B input. This key code K
As will be clear from the explanation that will be given later, C' is the same key code as the key code KC that was generated before the currently generated key code KC from the single note selection encoder 4, or is the key code that was preset before the start of the performance. be.

The comparator circuit compares the key code KC applied to the A input and the key code KC' applied to the B input, and determines that KC>K.
When C'(A>B) holds, the signal USt-S car, K
When C<KC'(A<B) is established, the signal DS is output, and when KC=KC' (A=B) is established, the signal EQt- is output.
Output. Signals US and D output from comparison circuit Sae
S is added to the arithmetic circuit A. The arithmetic circuit 26 receives the key code KC' stored in the register 5 at the A input.

If the signal @1" is applied to the B input and the signal US is applied from the comparator circuit, the key code KC' will be '"1.
” is added (A + B) t-, and if the signal DS is added from the comparison circuit word, @1 is added from the key code KC'.
' Perform the operation (A-B) t- to subtract . By the way, the note codes NCI to NC4 of the key code KC' are the first
As shown in the table, 1. lacks the values corresponding to 3.7 and 11.15 in decimal notation. Ru. Therefore, when the calculation result by the calculation circuit A corresponds to the above value, further @
The arithmetic circuit is further provided with a numerical value correction means for correcting the key code by adding 1" or subtracting "11t-11t-.Such numerical value correction means is well known.Arithmetic circuit The calculation result of 26 is added to the register 5.The clock pulse oscillation R27 determines the speed of the glitsando performance depending on its oscillation frequency.
The output pulse of the clock pulse oscillator 27 is applied to an AND circuit A. The AND circuit part has the signal EQ from the comparison circuit Sae inverted by the inverter 29 and added to the other input, and is open unless A=B is established in the comparison circuit 24, and registers the output pulse of the quack pulse oscillator 27. It is added to the load control input LD of No.5. The register 5 reads the output of the arithmetic circuit 26 in response to the pulse applied to the load control input LD.

In other words, the circuit including the arithmetic circuit and register 5 is set to the key code KC't-initial value stored in the register 5,
The key code KCt output from the single note selection encoder 22 is set as the target value, and '1' (or @2') is sequentially set to the Imaichi code KC' in synchronization with the click pulse generated from the clock pulse droplet oscillator 27. It constitutes an arithmetic unit that sequentially adds or subtracts @1'' (or '''2') t- from the key code KC', and from this arithmetic unit, the key code KC' stored in the register 5 is As an initial value, a key code in which the pitch increases by a semitone or a key code in which the pitch decreases by a semitone is generated. The generation of this key code is stopped when A=B is established in the comparator circuit, that is, when the target key code is reached, the AND circuit is closed and stopped. It is assumed that a predetermined key code is preset in the register 251C before the performance starts. The key code KC' outputted from the register 5 in this way is applied to the tone generator and converted into a musical tone signal of the corresponding pitch. It will be done.

A control waveform signal C8 generated from a control waveform signal generation circuit A is applied to the control inputs of the magnetic pressure control type filter 31 and the voltage control type amplifier 32.

The control waveform signal generating circuit A generates a control waveform signal C8't- in response to the new key-on pulse NKP and key-on signal KON generated from the single tone selection encoder n.

When a new key on pulse NKP is generated from the single note selection encoder 22 in response to a key press or key press change on the keyboard 21, this new key on pulse NKP is applied to the FET gate 341 of the control waveform signal forming circuit 34, and the FET gate 341 is turn on. As a result, first the capacitor 34
3 charges are instantly discharged. In addition, the key-on signal KON output from the single note select encoder 22 turns on the FET gate 342 of the control waveform signal forming circuit, and the capacitor 343 is connected to the resistor 344 through the resistor 344 and the iET gate 342 after the new key-on pulse NKP falls.
The capacitor 343 is charged with a time constant determined by the resistance value of the capacitor 343 and the capacitance value of the capacitor 343. Output cs't of capacitor 343 charged in this way - new key on pulse N
K.P.

Figure 4 (a) shows the relationship with the key-on signal KON.
), (b), (e). The output CB' of the gate capacitor 343 is directly and inverting amplifier 345.
is led to a changeover switch 346 via. The cutting switch 346 is used to select two control waveform signals C3t, one of a gradual increase type and the other of a gradual decrease type.If the selector switch 346 is switched as shown in the figure, a gradual increase as shown in FIG. 4(c) is selected. If the control waveform signal C8t is switched in the opposite direction to that shown in the figure, a gradually decreasing control waveform signal C8 is selected.

The filter characteristics of the voltage-controlled filter 31 are controlled in response to the above-mentioned control waveform signal C8 generated from the control waveform signal generation circuit, and the tone of the musical tone signal output from the tone generator 30 corresponds to the filter characteristics. control. Further, the voltage controlled amplifier 32 receives the above-mentioned control waveform signal C.
8, and the volume of the musical tone signal output from the voltage controlled waveform filter 31 is controlled in accordance with this gain. In this way, the voltage-controlled amplifier 32 obtains a musical tone signal representing an automatic glissando performance tone whose timbre and volume are controlled in accordance with the control waveform signal C8 generated from the control waveform signal generating circuit A. This musical tone signal is added to the sound system and produced as an automatic glitsando. An example of the automatic glitsando performance sound produced by the sound system, when the control waveform signal generation circuit selector switch 346 is switched as shown, is shown in musical notation as shown in FIG. 4(e). .

In other words, the volume of the automatic grissando performance sound produced by the sound system automatically increases gradually. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the control waveform signal generation circuit 34 can be constructed using a memory circuit or the like that stores a predetermined waveform, as in the case of the circuit 16 in FIG. 1.

In addition, both of the above two embodiments have voltage-controlled filters (
Although the present invention is configured to control the timbre and volume at the same time using a VCF) and a voltage controlled amplifier (VCA), it is of course possible to control only the timbre or the volume. Furthermore, the control target is not limited to automatic alvegio performance and automatic glissando performance, but can also be applied to automatic walking pace performance, etc., for example. Further, although this invention is particularly effective when applied to automatic performance, it is not limited to automatic performance. It can be similarly applied to manual performance.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to automatically apply timbre changes and volume changes to a plurality of musical tones, and it is possible to easily perform performances with a wide variety of variations.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram and musical score for explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, and Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the invention. The block diagram shown in FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram and a musical score for explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. 7-Automatic albejo circuit, 8.27-Tempo oscillator, 9
-Counter, 10・-Arpejo pattern memo'7,1
3-・Alvejo tone generator, 14, 31
... Voltage controlled filter, 15, 32 - Voltage controlled amplifier, 16.34 - Control waveform signal generation circuit, addition...
... Gritsand Tone Generator.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A musical tone forming means for forming a plurality of musical tones whose pitches are in a predetermined relationship with each other, and a control device that changes over time.
and control means for controlling the timbre or volume of the musical tone formed by the musical tone forming means in response to each control signal generated by the control signal generating means. . (2) The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the musical tone forming means sequentially forms musical tones of albejo constituent tones in response to keys pressed on a keyboard. (3) The electronic system device according to claim (1), wherein the musical tone forming means sequentially forms musical tones of a ritsando performance component in response to keys pressed on a keyboard. (4) The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the control signal generation means generates the control signal in synchronization with a measure pulse generated at each measure break. (5) The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the control signal generating means generates each control signal in synchronization with a keyboard.