JPH0553279B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument in which a volume change or a timbre change over time is automatically applied to an arpeggio performance sound or a glissando performance sound. 2. Description of the Related Art Automatic performance devices that sequentially form arpeggio constituent notes or glissando constituent notes whose pitches have a predetermined relationship with each other in response to key presses on a keyboard, and automatically play these tones are conventionally known. By the way, such an automatic performance device plays a plurality of musical tones at a predetermined pitch.
It is only generated sequentially according to the envelope waveform that is repeatedly generated in synchronization with the generation timing of each musical note, and the volume and timbre of the performance note are changed as the performance progresses in the flow of the performance, such as in arpeggio performance or gris sando performance. Since no consideration was given to temporal control, the disadvantage was that the performer would end up with a lack of musical interest. In order to solve this drawback, it is possible to use an expression pedal and control the volume of the automatic performance sound by operating the expression pedal, but the volume control using such an expression pedal is not possible. It requires a fairly advanced playing technique. In the first place, the automatic performance function was originally created for beginners with unskilled performance skills, and using this automatic performance function should not require advanced expression pedal operation. It was difficult. In addition, the volume control using the expression pedal described above not only controls the volume of the automatic performer but also the volume of other performers such as melody sounds at the same time, so the volume is selectively controlled only for the automatic performer. That was impossible. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument that automatically applies temporal volume changes or timbre changes to arpeggio constituent sounds or grissando performance sounds. . For this purpose, in the present invention, in response to a control signal generation instruction, the plurality of musical tones increase or decrease temporally during the generation of each musical tone, and this temporal change is applied to a plurality of musical tones that are successively generated. Control signal generating means automatically generates a control signal that continues continuously over a musical tone generation period, and automatically controls the volume or timbre of each musical tone that is generated sequentially by following the continuous change in the control signal over time. A musical effect such as cresciendo or decresciendo is automatically applied to the performance sounds such as arpeggio or glissando. Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which the present invention is applied to an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic arpeggio device. A pressed key detection circuit 1 detects the pressed keys on the upper keyboard UK, lower keyboard LK, and pedal keyboard PK, and outputs a key code KC for identifying the keys. The key code KC is the 2-bit keyboard code K1, K2, the 3-bit octave code OC (OC1, OC2, OC3), and the 4-bit note code NC (NC1, NC2,
An example of this key code KC is shown in Table 1.

【table】

[Table] Key code KC output from key press detection circuit 1
is added to the sound generation allocation circuit 2. The sound generation assignment circuit 2 is provided with a plurality of (for example, 12) sound generation channels, and performs control to allocate each key code KC output from the key press detection circuit 1 to one of the sound generation channels. The sound generation channels of the sound generation allocation circuit 2 are composed of time-division channels, and each channel performs a circular shift operation, for example.
11 bits (corresponds to the number of bits of key code KC) 12
It corresponds to the contents of each stage of the shift register of stages (corresponding to the number of channels). That is, the sound generation assignment circuit 2 assigns and stores the key code KC output from the key press detection circuit 1 to one of the stages of the shift register, and synchronizes this with the channel time whose time slot is the shift time of the shift register. output in time division. In addition, the sound generation assignment circuit 2 sends a key-on signal KON that indicates the pressed state of the key corresponding to the key code KC assigned to each channel (it becomes "1" when the key is pressed and becomes "0" when the key is released). is formed and output in time division in synchronization with each channel time. The key code KC and key-on signal of each channel are output from the sound generation assignment circuit 2 in a time-division manner.
KON is added to the musical tone forming circuit 3, and in the musical tone forming circuit 3, musical tone signals corresponding to the key codes KC output from the sound generation assignment circuit 2 are formed for each channel. The musical tone signals formed for each channel by the musical tone forming circuit 3 are appropriately mixed and added to the sound system 4, where they are produced as musical tones. Also, among the key code KC and key-on signal KON outputted from the sound generation assignment circuit 2, the keyboard codes K2 and K1 included in the key code KC and the key-on signal KON are added to the lower keyboard key depression channel detection circuit 5, and the key code KC The octave code OC and note code NC included in the octave code OC and note code NC are applied to the gate circuit 6. The lower keyboard key press channel detection circuit 5 detects the added keyboard codes K2 and K1 and the key-on signal KON.
Based on this, a channel to which a key code KC indicating a key belonging to the lower keyboard LK and which is currently being pressed is assigned is detected. In response to this detection, a signal "1" is output at the channel time corresponding to the channel. This signal “1”
is applied to the enable terminal EN of the gate circuit 6. Therefore, the gate circuit 6 opens every channel time to which a key code KC indicating the key belonging to the lower keyboard LK and which is currently being pressed is assigned, and All octave chords OC and note chords NC included in the key chord KC are extracted and added to the automatic arpeggio circuit 7. The automatic arpeggio circuit 7 has arpeggio pattern data ARD generated from the arpeggio pattern memory 10 added thereto, and this arpeggio pattern data ARD and the octave code-OC and note code extracted by the gate circuit 6.
Based on NC, a key code KC' indicating an automatic arpeggio sound is formed. Incidentally, in this embodiment, the arpeggio pattern data ARD is read out from the arpeggio pattern memory 10 in synchronization with automatic rhythm performance, which is another automatic performance function of the electronic musical instrument shown in this embodiment. Here, I will briefly explain automatic rhythm performance. The automatic rhythm performance is performed based on the tempo pulse TP generated by the tempo oscillator 8. The tempo oscillator 8 is composed of a variable oscillator whose oscillation frequency can be arbitrarily set, and the pulse signal oscillated from the tempo oscillator 8 is applied to the counter 9 as a tempo pulse TP. Counter 9 is driven by this tempo pulse TP and operates as an address generator for arpeggio pattern memory 10 and rhythm pattern memory 11, which will be described next. The arpeggio pattern memory 10 and the rhythm pattern memory 11 each consist of a read-only memory (ROM), and store, for example, two bars worth of arpeggio patterns and rhythm patterns, respectively, and store the output of the counter 9 as an address. Arpeggio pattern data based on the existing arpeggio pattern and rhythm pattern
Read ARD and rhythm pattern data RYD respectively. Here, the arpeggio pattern data
ARD contains ranking information for selecting the arpeggio constituent notes to be produced from among the notes of the keys currently pressed on the lower keyboard LK, and is rhythm pattern data.
RYD includes rhythm pattern pulses for opening and closing rhythm instrument sounds to be produced. The arpeggio pattern data ARD read from the arpeggio pattern memory 10 is applied to the automatic arpeggio circuit 7, and the rhythm pattern data RYD read from the rhythm pattern memory 11 is applied to the rhythm sound source 12. The rhythm sound source 12 includes a plurality of sound source circuits that generate rhythm instrument sounds of various tones, and uses rhythm sound source signals generated from these sound source circuits as rhythm pattern data from the rhythm pattern memory 11.
It opens and closes based on RYD and forms musical tone signals corresponding to rhythm sounds. A musical sound signal corresponding to the rhythm sound outputted from the rhythm sound source 12 is added to the sound system 4, and is produced as an automatic rhythm sound. The automatic arpeggio circuit 7 orders the note of the key being pressed on the lower keyboard LK extracted by the gate circuit 6 and the note having an octave relationship with the note in order of pitch.
An arpeggio constituent note is selected by ranking one note from these notes based on the ranking information of the arpeggio pattern data ARD, and a key code indicating the arpeggio constituent note corresponds to this selection.
KC′ is formed. As such an automatic arpeggio circuit, it is possible to use a circuit similar to the circuit disclosed in the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 124947/1984 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 48429/1989) entitled "Electronic Musical Instrument". A key code KC' representing the arpeggio constituent tones sequentially formed by the automatic arpeggio circuit 7 is applied to the arpeggio tone generator 13,
A musical tone signal indicating the arpeggio constituent tones corresponding to the key code KC' is generated. This musical tone signal is subjected to timbre and volume control via a voltage controlled filter (VCF) 14 and a voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) 15, and then added to the sound system 4. By the way, in the present invention, the voltage controlled filter 14 and the voltage controlled amplifier 15 are controlled by the control waveform signal CS generated from the control waveform signal generation circuit 16.
By controlling this economically, the arpeggio constituent notes are given temporal timbre changes and temporal volume changes. The control waveform signal generation circuit 16 includes two resistors 16.
1,162, two FET (field effect transistor) gates 163, 164, inverter 165,
A control waveform signal CS is formed by the capacitor 166 in response to the bar pulse signal mp output from the counter 9. The bar pulse signal mp output from the counter 9 is a pulse with a duty ratio of 1/2, as shown in FIG. 2a, and its period corresponds to a bar. A bar pulse signal like this
mp is FET gate 1 of control waveform signal generation circuit 16
63 and is inverted by an inverter 165 and applied to the FET gate 164. Therefore, if the bar pulse signal mp is “1”, the FET
The gate 163 is on, the FET gate 164 is off, and the capacitor 166 is connected to the resistor 161.
It is charged via the FET gate 163 with a time constant determined by the resistance value of the resistor 161 and the capacitance value of the capacitor 166. Also, the bar pulse signal
When mp becomes "0", the FET gate 163 is turned off and the FET gate 164 is turned on, and the charge in the capacitor 166 is transferred to the resistance value of the resistor 162 and the capacitance value of the capacitor 166 via the FET gate 164 and the resistor 162. It is discharged with a time constant determined accordingly. Now, assuming that the resistance values of the resistors 161 and 162 are equal, the output of the capacitor 166, that is, the output of the control waveform signal generation circuit 16, is the second
A symmetrical triangular wave signal having a period of one bar as shown in FIG. b is generated. This signal is the control waveform signal CS
It is applied as a control input to the voltage controlled filter 14 and the voltage controlled amplifier 15. As a result, the filter characteristics (cut-off frequency and Q constant) of the voltage-controlled filter 14 are controlled according to the control waveform signal CS shown in FIG. The sound system 4 is controlled in accordance with the control waveform signal CS shown in FIG. b, and the sound system 4 can produce an arpeggio sound whose timbre and volume change over time, with each measure as one cycle. If an example of such an arpeggio performance is shown on a musical score only in terms of volume, it will be as shown in Figure 2c. That is, the volume of the arpeggio performance sound increases sequentially from the beginning of the measure to the center of the measure, and decreases sequentially from the center of the measure to the end of the measure, and this is repeated. In the above embodiment, the control waveform signal CS, which is periodically repeated in units of one bar, is generated from the control waveform signal generation circuit 16, and this control waveform signal
Although the voltage-controlled filter 14 and the voltage-controlled amplifier 15 are controlled by the CS,
The control waveform signal CS generated by the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 is not limited to that described above, nor is the configuration of the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 limited to that described above. For example, a signal that is repeated in units of complex bars may be generated as the control waveform signal CS. In this case, for example, a bar pulse signal
This can be easily achieved by dividing the frequency of mp using an appropriate frequency divider and applying the divided signal to the control waveform signal generation circuit 16. Further, as the control waveform signal SS, one that changes in multiple cycles within one bar may be used. In this case, a pulse signal having a shorter cycle than the bar pulse signal mp (for example, a pulse signal whose cycle is 1/2 bar) may be taken out from the counter 9 and applied to the control waveform signal generation circuit 16. Furthermore, an inverter 165 provided on the FET gate 164 side in the control waveform signal generation circuit 16
If it is provided on the FET gate 163 side, the control waveform signal CS becomes the one shown in FIG. Obtainable. Further, in the above embodiment, the control waveform signal generation circuit 16 utilizes the charging/discharging characteristics of a capacitor, but instead of this, a well-known function waveform generator or a storage device in which predetermined waveforms are stored in advance may be used. be able to. With this configuration, it is possible to obtain an arbitrary control waveform signal CS. By the way, the musical tone signal outputted from the tone generator 13 is digital data, and the musical tone signal outputted from the tone generator 13 is digital data.
4. When a tone control circuit (digital filter) or a volume control circuit having a digital circuit configuration is used as the amplifier 15, the control waveform signal CS generated from the circuit 16 is of course also digital data. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic glissando playing device. In addition, in FIG. 3, only the parts related to automatic glissando performance are extracted, and other parts are omitted. Automatic Gritsando performance is a method of sequentially producing multiple notes whose pitch increases or decreases by semitones at the pitch of the newly pressed key, based on the pitch of the previously pressed key. . Third
In the figure, the key corresponding to a specific note (for example, the lowest note) among the keys being pressed on the keyboard 21 is selected by the single note selection encoder 22, and the single note selection encoder 22 uses a key code to identify this selected key.
Generates KC. As this key code KC, the same ones as shown in Table 1 above can be used. In addition, the single note selection encoder 22 generates one new key on pulse when a new key is selected.
At the same time as generating NKP, a key-on signal KON indicating that the selected key is being pressed is generated. A key code KC indicating a single key output from the single note selection encoder 22 is applied to a latch circuit 23. The latch circuit 23 has a strobe terminal S to which the new key on pulse NKP output from the single note selection encoder 22 is applied, and the key code output from the single note selection encoder 22 at the timing of this new key on pulse NKP.
Latch KC. The key code KC latched in the latch circuit 23 is applied to the A input of the comparison circuit 24. The comparator circuit 24 has the key code KC' stored in the register 25 added to its B input. As will be clear from the explanation that will be given later, this key code KC' is the same key code as the key code KC that was generated before the key code KC that is currently generated from the single note selection encoder 22, or was preset before the performance started. It is a key code.
The comparison circuit 24 is a key code added to the A input.
KC is compared with the key code KC' added to the B input, and if KC>KC'(A>B) is established, the signal US
is output, and when KC <KC' (A < B) is established, a signal is output.
DS is output, and when KC=KC' (A=B) is established, a signal EQ is output. Signals US and DS output from comparison circuit 24 are applied to arithmetic circuit 26. The arithmetic circuit 26 has a key code KC' stored in the register 25 at its A input, a signal "1" at its B input, and receives a signal from the comparator circuit 24.
If US is added, the key code KC′ is “1”
The comparator circuit 24 performs an operation (A+B) to add
Signal DS is added from key code
An operation (A-B) is performed to subtract "1" from KC'. By the way, note code of key code KC′
NC1 to NC4 lack values corresponding to 3, 7, 11, and 15 in decimal notation, as shown in Table 1. Therefore, when the calculation result by the calculation circuit 26 corresponds to the above value, the calculation circuit adds or subtracts "1" and corrects the value to the key code being used. 26 is further provided. Note that such numerical value correction means is well known. The calculation result of the calculation circuit 26 is added to the register 25. The clock pulse oscillator 27 determines the speed of the glissando performance based on its oscillation frequency, and the output pulses of the clock pulse oscillator 27 are applied to an AND circuit 28. The AND circuit 28 has the signal EQ from the comparison circuit 24 inverted by an inverter 29 and added to the other input, and is open unless A=B is established in the comparison circuit 24, and registers the output pulse of the clock pulse oscillator 27. Add to load control input LD of 25. Register 25 is this load control input LD
The output of the arithmetic circuit 26 is read in response to the pulse applied to the arithmetic circuit 26. That is, the circuit including the arithmetic circuit 26 and the register 25 uses the key code stored in the register 25.
With KC' as the initial value and the key code KC output from the single note selection encoder 22 as the target value, the key code KC' is set to "1" (or "2") in synchronization with the clock pulse generated from the clock pulse oscillator 27. Sequentially add or key code
It constitutes an arithmetic unit that sequentially subtracts “1” (or “2”) from KC′, and from this arithmetic unit, the pitch is changed in semitone increments using the key code KC′ stored in the register 25 as an initial value. A key code that goes high or a key code that goes low by a semitone is generated. The generation of this key code is stopped when A=B is established in the comparator circuit 24, that is, when the target key code is reached, the AND circuit 28 is closed and stopped. It is assumed that a predetermined key code is preset in the register 25 before the performance starts. The key code KC' outputted from the register 25 in this way is applied to the tone generator 30 and converted into a musical tone signal of the corresponding pitch, and this musical tone signal is sent to the voltage controlled filter 31 and the voltage controlled amplifier 32. Added. Voltage controlled filter 3
1 and the voltage controlled amplifier 32 have their control inputs supplied with a control waveform signal CS generated from a control waveform signal generation circuit 34. The control waveform signal generation circuit 34 generates a new key on pulse generated from the single tone selection encoder 22.
A control waveform signal CS is formed in response to NKP and key-on signal KON. When a new key on pulse NKP is generated from the single note selection encoder 22 in response to a key press or key press change on the keyboard 21, this new key on pulse NKP is applied to the FET gate 341 of the control waveform signal generation circuit 34, and the FET gate 341 is turn on. As a result, the charge in the capacitor 343 is instantly discharged. In addition, the key-on signal KON output from the single note selection encoder 22 turns on the FET gate 342 of the control waveform signal forming circuit 34, and the capacitor 343 is connected to the resistor 344 after the new key-on pulse NKP falls.
It is charged via the FET gate 342 with a time constant determined by the resistance value of the resistor 344 and the capacitance value of the capacitor 343. The output CS' of the capacitor 343 charged in this manner is shown in relation to the new key-on pulse NKP and the key-on signal KON as shown in FIGS. 4a, b, and c. The output CS' of capacitor 343 is led directly to changeover switch 346 via inverting amplifier 345.
The changeover switch 346 selects two control waveform signals CS, a gradual increase type and a gradual decrease type. When the changeover switch 346 is switched as shown, the gradual increase type and control waveform as shown in FIG. 4c are selected. signal
If CS is selected and switched in the opposite direction as shown, a gradually decreasing control waveform signal CS is selected. The filter characteristics of the voltage-controlled filter 31 are controlled in response to the above-mentioned control waveform signal CS generated from the control waveform signal generation circuit 34, and the tone signal output from the tone generator 30 is controlled in accordance with the filter characteristics. Control the tone. Further, the gain of the voltage-controlled amplifier 32 is controlled in accordance with the above-mentioned control waveform signal CS, and the volume of the musical tone signal output from the voltage-controlled filter 31 is controlled in accordance with this gain. In this manner, the voltage-controlled amplifier 32 obtains a musical tone signal representing an automatic glissando performance tone whose timbre and volume are controlled in accordance with the control waveform signal CS generated from the control waveform signal generating circuit 34. This musical tone signal is applied to the sound system 33 and produced as an automatic glissando tone. An example of the automatic glissando performance sound produced by the sound system 33 is shown in musical notation in the case where the changeover switch 346 of the control waveform signal generation circuit 34 is switched as shown in FIG. 4e.
become that way. In other words, the volume of the automatic grissando performance sound produced by the sound system 33 automatically increases gradually. Note that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the control waveform signal generation circuit 34 can be constructed using a memory circuit or the like that stores a predetermined waveform, as in the case of the circuit 16 in FIG. 1. Furthermore, both of the above two embodiments use a voltage controlled filter (VCF) and a voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) to control the timbre and volume at the same time. Of course it's good too. Furthermore, the control target is not limited to automatic arpeggio performance and automatic glissando performance, but can also be applied to automatic walking bass performance, etc., for example. Further, although this invention is particularly effective when applied to automatic performance, it is not limited to automatic performance. It can be similarly applied to manual performance. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to automatically apply tone color changes and volume changes to a plurality of musical tones, and it is possible to easily perform performances with a wide variety of variations.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram and musical score for explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram and musical score for explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. 7... automatic arpeggio circuit, 8, 27... tempo oscillator, 9... counter, 10... arpeggio pattern memory, 13... arpeggio tone generator, 14, 31... voltage controlled filter,
15, 32... Voltage controlled amplifier, 16, 34...
... Control waveform signal generation circuit, 30 ... Grit sand tone generator.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument having a musical tone generation means for sequentially generating a plurality of musical tones, comprising: a control signal generation instruction means for instructing generation of a control signal; and a control signal generation instruction means responsive to a control signal generation instruction by the control signal generation instruction means. a control signal that temporally increases or decreases during the generation of each of the plurality of musical tones, and that this temporal change continues continuously over a plurality of musical tone generation periods in which each of the plurality of musical tones is sequentially generated; a control signal generating means for automatically generating a control signal; and a timbre or volume of each of a plurality of musical tones sequentially generated by the musical tone generating means in accordance with continuous temporal changes in the control signal generated by the control signal generating means. An electronic musical instrument comprising a control means for controlling. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the musical tone generating means sequentially generates musical tones of arpeggio constituent tones in response to keys pressed on a keyboard. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the musical tone generating means sequentially generates musical tones constituting a glitsando performance in response to keys pressed on a keyboard. 4. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the control signal generation instruction means instructs generation of the control signal in synchronization with bar breaks. 5. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the control signal generation instruction means instructs generation of the control signal in response to the start of successive generation of a plurality of musical tones in the musical tone generation means.