JPS6211355B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a musical tone generating device that constitutes the main part of an automatic performance device that synthesizes musical tones using an electronic circuit based on musical score information and timbre information of a musical piece, and automatically plays the musical piece. .

Conventionally, there have been various types of musical tone generators, and their functions are also various, with electronic organs and musical synthesizers being representative examples. By the way, most of these devices input music information from the keyboard in real time, and generate musical tones using a voltage-controlled oscillator (Voltage Controlled Oscillator).
Oscillator; VCO), voltage-controlled amplifier (Voltage
This occurs in combination circuits of voltage-controlled analog elements such as control amplifiers (VCAs) and voltage-controlled filters (VCFs). In addition, electronic organs with automatic accompaniment functions and synthesizers with digital sequencers have recently appeared, but in addition to inputting music information from the keyboard, these also use preset music information as parameter information for musical tone generation. It has a semi-automatic performance function.

In the examples mentioned above, the relatively low-grade ones use the aforementioned analog circuit method for musical tone synthesis means, but
High-end machines store waveforms and other data as digital information, and convert digital/analog (D/
A) A so-called digital tone generating means is used in which the final musical tone is obtained by a converter. Since the musical tone parameters of this digital tone generation means are digital values, it is possible to process the parameters using a computer, etc.
In particular, it can be expected to increase the parameter processing function based on music information, and is a musical tone generating means suitable for the configuration of an automatic performance device.

The conventional musical tone generator has been outlined above. Although some of these automatically generate music of a certain degree of sophistication, in general, musical expression is not sufficient. In particular, it is not possible to change the timbre for each note, or to change the timbre or musical expression for each voice in a polyphonic piece of music.

In view of these points, the inventors of the present application invented an automatic performance device that can automatically perform polyphonic music with advanced musical expression, and first filed a patent application in 1973-
Patent applications have been filed as No. 60231 and Japanese Patent Application No. 53-60253. It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical tone generating device, which is the main part of this automatic performance device, with a simple structure and great flexibility.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a prior art automatic performance device. 1 is a central processing unit (CPU) consisting of one chip, microprocessor, etc.;
3 is a control panel for controlling the CPU that includes a switch for instructing the start of music playback, a display element for displaying the status of automatic performance, etc., and 3 is musical score information regarding, for example, one song for automatic performance. A cassette magnetic tape device (MAGT) that records
4 is a keyboard encoder that reads musical score symbols input from the keyboard note by note and digitally encodes them in a predetermined format; 5 is a random access memory (RAM) that stores the musical score information read out from MAGT 3; 6 is a timbre parameter memory that records timbre parameters related to timbre effects (vibrato, portamento, tremolo, etc.), 7
Reference numeral 8 indicates an automatic performance program memory that records an automatic performance program that instructs the CPU 1 to perform an automatic performance order, 8 is a part that is the object of the present invention, and 9 is a musical tone generator that specifically generates musical tones. 8
10 is a mixer for mixing the musical waveform signal, and 11 is a speaker driven by the output of the mixer 10.

The operation of this device will be briefly explained. There are two main modes of operation: one is musical score encoding processing, and the other is automatic performance processing.
Musical score encoding processing is executed using the CPU 1, the keyboard encoder 4, the MAGT 3, and a processing program stored in the control RAM (not shown). First, musical score information is converted into a digital code using the keyboard encoder 4 while viewing the musical score, and the digital code is input into the musical score information memory 5. When one measure of musical score is input, that information is recorded in MAGT3. Repeat this step for each measure,
Digitally encoded musical score information is recorded in MAGT3 in an orderly manner, measure by measure. thus
When the preparation of MAGT3 is completed, the process moves on to the next step of executing automatic performance processing.

Automatic performance processing is performed using the illustrated keyboard encoder 4.
Executed using all parts except .

The cassette tape created by the above-mentioned music score encoding process is installed in MAGT3, and the control panel 2
According to the control and processing procedure of the performance program, first, one bar's worth of musical score information is read by the MAGT 3 and stored in the musical score information memory 5. Then, using this musical score information and the timbre parameter information preset in the timbre parameter memory 6, musical tone information regarding the first note is created and conveyed to the musical tone generator 8. The musical tone generator 8 synthesizes musical tones corresponding to such musical tone information, and outputs the synthesized musical tones via the mixer 10 to the speaker 11 for sound generation.

When the musical tone generator 8 finishes outputting one tone,
One end signal is issued and sent to the interrupt control circuit 9, and the interrupt control circuit 9 sends an interrupt request signal to the CPU 1 at that point. When an interrupt occurs, CPU1 executes information processing of the next second note,
The next musical tone information is transferred to the musical tone generator 8, and the second musical tone information is transferred to the musical tone generator 8.
The musical tones corresponding to the notes are produced. At the same time as the above processing is executed, musical score information is read into the musical score information memory 5 for each bar from the MAGT 3. The score information memory 5 has a storage capacity for two measures, and has a score information area corresponding to the measure currently being sounded.
It is divided into an area that stores information from MAGT3, and the roles of both areas are switched every bar. In this way, the reading of musical score information from the MAGT 3 and the information transfer to the tone generator 8 are carried out in parallel, and an automatic performance function is achieved. The length of time that can be played continuously is limited by the information storage capacity of the MAGT3's cassette tape, but a regular piece of music with about six voices can be played for over an hour.

The features of such a device are: (a) Even if you cannot actually play the music, you can listen to the music exactly as it is written. (b) You can experiment with performances using various musical tones. (c) Tempo changes, transposition, etc. can be easily performed. etc.

As mentioned above, the musical tone generator of the present invention corresponds to the musical tone generator 8 shown in FIG. , it has a richer musical expressiveness than conventional automatic performance devices, and has a relatively simple structure that allows the timbre change function for each note and the synthesis function of polyphonic parts, which were not possible with conventional musical tone generators. It has been made possible.

FIG. 2 is a block configuration diagram for explaining the circuit functions of the basic components of the present invention. Details will be described later, but there are seven registers with the data bus 12 connected to the CPU 1 as a signal socket, partial functional circuits connected to these registers, and 2.
It consists of two clock generators, one filter and three basic clock sources. 13 is an input terminal for a start signal P _r for waveform generation, which will be described later. Registers are not shown in this diagram
The first register 14 stores musical score information and tone color information sent from the CPU 1 for one note length, and the first register 14 stores pitch information, and its output controls a pitch selector 15. The first register 14 consists of 8 bits, of which 3 bits are octave information and the rest are 12 bits including rests, etc.
Assigned to sound information. The second register 16 stores note length information, and its output controls a note length timer circuit 17. This second register 16 is also 8
Composed of bits, the resolution of normal musical score symbols is only up to 32nd notes, but here the resolution has been increased to 1/256th note length to take into account subtle changes in note length during actual performance. A third register 18 stores volume (so-called p, f) information, the output of which controls an attenuator 19. 4 to 8 bits are allocated to the capacity of this third register 18.

A fourth register 20 stores speed motto information and its output controls a rhythm clock generator 21. This has metronome number ♪ = 20
The tempo from ♪ to 200 is divided into discrete pieces, and the amount of information of 4 to 8 bits is allocated. The fifth register 22 has a capacity of 48 bits and stores periodic waveform information related to timbre, and its output provides input parameters to the periodic waveform generator 23. The sixth register 24 also has a capacity of 48 bits and stores envelope waveform information related to timbre, and its output becomes an input parameter of the envelope waveform generator 25. The seventh register 26 also stores envelope rise and fall time information relating to timbre, and its output controls the scan clock selector 27.

The functions of periodic waveform generator 23, envelope waveform generator 25, and scan clock selector 27 will be explained in detail later.

Further, in FIG. 2, the 12-tone generator 28 is a functional circuit that uses the first basic clock _φ1 from the first basic clock source 29 to generate pitch clocks corresponding to the 12 notes of the highest octave. For example, this may be configured by a combination of presettable counter elements, but any device may be used as long as the frequency deviation accuracy from the equal tempered frequency is approximately 0.03% or less.

Further, the rising/falling clock generator 30 generates a clock for obtaining a time base for measuring the rise and fall times of the envelope, and generates a second basic clock _φ2 from a second basic clock source 31. Divide by a binary counter,
It outputs clocks with various frequency division ratios.
Note that this functional circuit has a great deal to do with the embodiment of the envelope waveform generator 25, so it will be explained again later.

The third basic clock source 32 supplies the third basic clock _φ3 to the rhythm clock generator 21, and the filter 33 is a functional circuit that removes various high-frequency noises included in the synthesized sound. It is configured to have a function of switching the cutoff frequency according to the octave information inside. To switch this cutoff frequency, for example,
In the RC passive filter, a method such as switching the resistance R using an analog switching element according to octave information is used.

Among these functional circuits, pitch selector 1
5. The three functional circuits, the note length clock circuit 17 and the attenuator 19, provide pitch, note length, and dynamics, which are the basic elements of classical music. The three functional circuits of the clock selector 27 are responsible for the expression of musical instruments. Note that the multiplier 34 multiplies the output of the periodic waveform generator 23 and the output of the envelope waveform generator 25 to create the basic form of the musical tone signal.

Now, in order to put such a musical tone generator into practical use with a simple configuration, a waveform generator that generates a waveform using a current field, which will be explained below, is applied to generate the musical sound waveform. Another major feature of this invention is that it allows waveform manipulation.

FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining the principle of a current field type waveform generator. As shown in the figure, a plurality of potential detection electrodes 36 and a plurality of voltage application electrodes 37 are provided on the resistance plate 35 . Voltage application electrode 37
A voltage application circuit 38 is connected to the voltage application circuit 38, and this voltage application circuit 38 applies a predetermined voltage such as +5V or 0V to the voltage application electrode 37 based on the waveform parameter information _pw . The potential detection electrode 36 is connected to each input of the scanning circuit 39, and is sequentially scanned by the scanning clock φ _p .
One analog waveform corresponding to a waveform obtained by sequentially connecting six potentials is obtained at the output terminal 40. This waveform generator generates a signal on the resistive plate 35 corresponding to a pattern on the resistive plate 35 of the voltage supplied to the voltage applying electrode 37.
In this example, a potential distribution is generated between the potential detection electrodes 36 arranged along the circumference of the resistor plate 35, and by repeatedly scanning this, an analog electric field is generated. A periodic waveform can be obtained. Since the output waveform corresponds to the voltage application pattern, in order to change the waveform, it is sufficient to change this voltage application pattern.
If there are four values: 0V, -5V, and high impedance (open), it can be expressed with 2 bits per electrode, and in this example, there are 6 voltage application electrodes 37, so 6×
2 = 12 bits can represent the waveform. Furthermore, if the scanning clock φ _p is modified, a transient envelope waveform can be obtained. The feature of this method is that waveform expression is extremely simple, and complex waveforms similar to natural musical instrument sounds can be obtained. This means that the memory capacity for storing waveforms can be very small, and waveform modification processing can be carried out in a short time. By employing such a current field type waveform generator, the musical tone generator of the present invention achieves 1.
The timbre can be controlled for each note.

Now, the operational functions of the basic components of the musical tone generator of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, as well as the details of the periodic waveform generator 23, envelope waveform generator 25 and scan clock selector 27, will be explained.

As explained about the automatic performance device in Figure 1,
After processing the musical score information and tone parameter information (together referred to as musical tone information), the CPU 1 transfers the information to the musical tone generator 8. musical tone generator 8
is responsible for synthesizing and outputting a single sound based on that information.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the basic configuration of this musical tone generator, musical tone information is received from the CPU 1 through the D bus 12 and stored in each register for each type of information.
The pitch selector 15 receives information from the 12-tone generator 28 based on the 12-tone information in the pitch information.
It selects one of the 12 types of pitch clocks, divides the frequency of that clock based on the octave information, and outputs the frequency of that clock. This pitch clock is supplied to a periodic waveform generator 23. This periodic waveform generator 2
3 uses a current field type waveform generator as shown in FIG. 3, and the pitch clock mentioned above is supplied as its scanning clock φ _p . In reality, the number of potential detection electrodes 36 is selected from 64 to 128, and if the number of electrodes is 64, the scanning clock φ _p
In other words, an analog waveform with a fundamental frequency of 1/64 of the pitch clock is obtained. On the other hand, periodic waveform parameter information is sent from the CPU 1 to the fifth register 22 in FIG. is used as the waveform parameter information p _w to the voltage application circuit 38, determines the voltage application pattern to the voltage application electrode 37 on the resistance plate 35, generates one current field on the resistance plate 35, and as a result Generate one periodic waveform.

The rise and fall time information sent to seventh register 26 then controls scan clock selector 27. This scanning clock selector 27
is a functional circuit that generates the scanning clock φ _p of the current field type waveform generator constituting the envelope waveform generator 25.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of this scanning clock selector 27, which constitutes an envelope waveform generator 25 in combination with the waveform generator shown in FIG. In the figure, 41 is the terminal 13 in Figure 2.
Rising start signal P _r input terminal, 4
2 is a falling start signal P _d input terminal, 43, 4
4 is the rising/falling clock generator 30 mentioned above.
(FIG. 2), 43 is an input terminal to a rising clock selection switch 45, and 44 is an input terminal to a falling clock selection switch 46. 47 is an input terminal for a signal A that controls the selection of the selection switch 45, and 48 is an input terminal for a signal B that controls the selection of the selection switch 46. These signals A and B are applied from the CPU 1 via the seventh register 26. 49 is a first reset flip-flop (RSFF) that is set by the rising start signal P _r , 50 is a second RSFF that is set by the falling start signal P _d , and 51 and 52 are the first RSFF 49, respectively. and a switch 53 that closes when the second RSFF 50 is set.
This counter counts rising or falling clocks that pass through 1 or 52. It starts counting with a start signal P _r or P _d , and starts counting at the potential detection electrode 36 of the current field type waveform generator (Fig. 3). number of
Counting 1/2 (32 if the number of electrodes is 64), the first
Alternatively, send a reset signal to the second RSFF, reset it, and open switch 51 or 52. Reference _numeral 54 denotes an output terminal of a scanning clock φ _p which receives a rising clock and a falling clock through switches 51 and 52, respectively.
Needless to say, the voltage is supplied to the scanning circuit 39 in FIG. 3 and scans the potential of the potential detection electrode 36.

The rising start signal p _r is normally generated at the same time as the data is transferred from the CPU 1 to each register, and the rising clock begins to be output to the output terminal 54 as the scanning clock φ _p as described above. The counter 53, which has been reset by the start signal P _r , counts this output rising clock, and when the above-mentioned predetermined count value is reached, the first RSFF 49 is reset and the switch 51 is opened. Due to the scanning clock φ _p , the scanning of the potential detection electrode 36 of the current field type waveform generator (FIG. 3) constituting the envelope waveform generator 25 advances to the center and then stops.

As will be described later, after a predetermined period of time has elapsed, a falling start signal _Pd is generated, and as a result, the falling clock begins to be output to the output terminal 54 as the scanning clock _φp as described above. The counter 53, reset by the start signal _Pd , counts this output falling clock, and when it reaches the above-mentioned predetermined count value, it resets the second RSFF 50 and opens the switch 52. The scanning of the potential detection electrode 36 of the current field type waveform generator constituting the envelope waveform generator 25 proceeds again, and stops after one scanning. In this manner, the envelope waveform generator 25 uses the scanning clock φ _p from the scanning clock selector 27 to obtain an envelope waveform as shown in FIG. 5, for example. The rise and fall times of the envelope waveform created in this manner are determined by the rise and fall information given to the scan clock selector 27, and the time held in the envelope waveform is determined by the rise and fall information given to the scan clock selector 27. It is determined by the timing of generation of the start signal _Pd . Various methods can be considered for generating this signal P _d , and an appropriate method may be selected depending on the application. As a practical method, note length clock circuit 17
It is conceivable to add a function to generate a falling start signal _Pd when a predetermined ratio (1 or less) to the note length is reached. The envelope waveform itself is controlled using a method similar to that described for the periodic waveform generator 23, in which the voltage application pattern to the current field type waveform generator (Fig. 3) is used as the waveform parameter information p _w . This is done by changing the code accordingly. In the basic configuration shown in Figure 2,
Waveform parameter information p _w corresponding to this voltage application pattern is stored in the sixth register 24 . As described above, the envelope waveform is generated by scan clock selector 27 and envelope waveform generator 25.

This envelope waveform is multiplied by the periodic waveform generated by the periodic waveform generator 23 described above by the multiplier 34, thereby producing the basic form of the musical tone signal. The basic form of this musical tone signal is the attenuator 19
The input signal is attenuated at an attenuation rate corresponding to the information stored in the third register 18, that is, the volume information, and then the filter 33 removes the sampling noise included in the synthesized waveform, and the final musical tone signal S is output. do.

On the other hand, a rhythm clock corresponding to the speed motto information stored in the fourth register 20 is generated by the rhythm clock generator 21, and using this as a time measurement unit, a rhythm clock corresponding to the note length information stored in the second register 16 is generated. The note length clock circuit 17 measures the time from the time of the start signal P _r , and outputs an end (END) signal when the time measurement is completed. This END signal gives the interrupt timing to CPU1, and this END signal
Immediately after the signal is generated, various information regarding the next note is transferred from the CPU 1 to each register via the data path 12, and at the same time a start signal P _r is generated.
The note length timing circuit 17 starts timing the note length of the next note, and the envelope waveform generator 25 starts generating a waveform.

The above describes the basic structure and operation of the musical tone generator, which is the basic element of the present invention. In addition, as a practical configuration of the resistance plate 35 used in the current field type waveform generator (FIG. 3) that constitutes the periodic waveform generator 23 and the envelope waveform generator 25, the potential detection electrodes 36 are arranged at 64 points. , approximately 24 voltage application electrodes 37 are provided. By this,
Both periodic waveforms and envelope waveforms can generate complex musical sound waveforms that are quite similar to those of natural musical instruments. In this case, the waveform parameter information p _w is assigned 48 bits per waveform, with 2 bits per 371 voltage application electrodes. This amount of information is about 1/10 of that of normal digital waveform generation means, making it possible to significantly reduce the scale of the device and shorten the information transfer time. This is why the musical tone generator of the present invention has the ability to control not only basic musical elements such as pitch, note length, and dynamics, but also timbre for each note.

The present invention adds a frequency modulation function, an amplitude modulation function, a noise superimposition function, and a rhythm modulation function to the musical tone generator having the above-mentioned basic configuration, thereby making it possible to obtain a pitch vibrato effect, a glide effect, a voltament effect, a tremolo effect, etc. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a musical tone generator which can produce musical tones close to the sounds of natural instruments, and which can freely change the tempo of a musical piece to perform emotionally rich musical pieces, and to make the musical tone generator thus obtained multichannel. The object of the present invention is to obtain a compact multi-channel musical tone generator that makes it possible to synthesize music on an orchestral scale.

The provision of each function will be explained in detail below.

FIG. 6 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of adding a frequency modulation function to the basic configuration of the present invention. In addition to the basic configuration shown in FIG. 2, a frequency modulation waveform generator 60,
A modulation waveform selector 61, a modulator 62, and an eighth register 63 are added. FIG. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a specific example of these additional parts. The frequency modulation waveform generator 60 is composed of eight RC oscillators, for example, a first RC oscillator 601 to an eighth RC oscillator 608, and these RC oscillators 601 to 6
08 have slightly different frequencies, for example 1
Each outputs a sine wave in the low frequency range of ~20Hz. The modulation waveform selector 61 is composed of an eight-contact analog switch, and in the illustrated example, a connection contact can be selected by applying a 3-bit signal from the eighth register 63 via three signal lines. The modulator 62 includes a frequency-voltage (F-V) converter 621 that converts the frequency of the output clock of the pitch selector 15 into a voltage, a simple multiplier 622 composed of an opto-isolator, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).
623, some resistors, and capacitors.

The frequency of the pitch clock φ _p converted into voltage by the F-V converter 621 is determined by the opto-isolator 62.
The voltage is applied to the control input terminal of No. 2, multiplied by the output waveform of the modulation waveform selector 61, smoothed by the smoothing circuit (R ₂ C), and the voltage is again converted by the VCO 623 to the clock φ _pp of the corresponding frequency. Ru.
In this way, the clock φ _pp receives frequency modulation, and is used as a scanning clock for the current field type waveform generator (FIG. 3) constituting the periodic waveform generator 23.
A voltament effect can be obtained.

Which of the eight types of modulation waveforms to select is determined by 3-bit data transferred from the CPU 1 to the eighth register 63.

As detailed above, since the periodic waveform of a musical tone is frequency-modulated at an arbitrary frequency, advanced functions such as pitch vibrato, glite effect, and voltamento effect can be provided.

FIG. 8 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of adding an amplitude modulation function and an intonation generator generation function to the basic configuration of the present invention. In addition to the basic configuration shown in FIG. 2, an amplitude modulation waveform generator 70, Amplitude modulation waveform selector 7
1, the intonation generator 72, the ninth register 73, and the tenth register 74 are added, the attenuator 19 is removed, and the third register 18 is replaced by the intonation generator 72.
control. FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a specific example of these additional parts.

The amplitude modulation waveform generator 70 is composed of, for example, eight RC oscillators 701 to 708, and these RC oscillators 701 to 708
Oscillators 701 to 708 generate sine waves of slightly different low frequencies. The amplitude modulation waveform selector 71 is composed of an eight-contact analog switch, and in the illustrated example, a connection contact can be selected by applying a 3-bit signal from the tenth register 74 via three signal lines. The intonation generator 72 includes attenuation circuits 721 and 722 that can control the voltage division ratio by a combination of an analog switch and a resistor, a first up/down counter 723 that generates a voltage division ratio control signal, and a first up/down counter 723 that generates a voltage division ratio control signal. A second counter 724 generates a clock input to the counter 723 of
and gate elements 725 and 726. The third register 18 is a register that stores volume information, and the ninth register 73 is a register that stores intonation information. Two attenuation circuits 721, 7
22 is controlled by the six outputs of the first counter 723, the upper 3 bit lines determine the voltage division ratio of the attenuation circuit 721, and the lower 3 bit lines determine the voltage division ratio of the attenuation circuit 722, and the voltage division ratio is selected from a total of 64 voltage division ratios. One is determined, and the selected output signal of the modulation waveform selector 71 is attenuated by that voltage division ratio and output as _Ve . Note that the output state of the first counter 723 changes in the following manner.

(1) Setting based on volume information: The third register 18 and first counter 723 are used for this. However, if there is no problem in impedance matching with the CPU 1, the first counter 72
3 may also serve as the third register 18. In response to the data transfer timing signal WE2, volume information is introduced from the data bus 12 to the first counter 723 via the third register 18. In this state, two attenuation circuits 721,
722 outputs an attenuated voltage corresponding to the volume information to V _e . If the second method below is not executed, the level of the output V _e maintains the attenuation rate specified by the volume information over the length of one note.

(2) Attenuation rate change based on intonation information: The eighth register 73, first counter 723, second counter 724, and gates 725 and 726 are used for this. That is, the data transfer timing signal
At the same time that the intonation data on the data bus 12 is latched into the ninth register 73 by the WE3, the data is introduced into the second counter 724. The second counter 724 is clocked by an external clock.
Cl _o is subtracted and counted, and when the content becomes zero, a borrow signal is sent to the clock terminal of the first counter 723, and a data transfer signal is sent back to the second counter 724 via the gate 726, and the ninth register is Reintroduce the output of 73. With this circuit configuration, the second counter 7
The borrow signal from 24 is generated at a period corresponding to the intonation data, and changes the output state of the first counter 723 every step. One of the output lines of the ninth register 73 is connected to the first counter 723.
It outputs a data signal that determines whether to operate as an up counter or a down counter, and corresponds to a crescendo and a decresend in terms of musical expression. The reason why the data signals of three of the output lines of the ninth register 73 are applied to the gate 725, the logical product is calculated, and the output is added to the first counter 723 is that the logical product output is "1". Then, the first counter 723 is prohibited from counting, and the first counter 723 is
This is to prevent the output from changing, thereby suppressing the intonation function.

According to method (2) above, the output V _e of the attenuator 722 changes continuously, albeit stepwise, in accordance with the rate of change determined by the intonation information and the frequency of the external clock C _o . In this embodiment, a note length clock having a fixed number of pulses per note length (here, for convenience of explanation, 128 pulses/note length) is used as the external clock _C. is a value obtained by dividing the number of pulses per note length of this note length clock by the difference in intensity information between two notes.

By doing this, a smooth change in intonation between two notes can be achieved. FIG. 10 shows an example of the signal flow described above. When the volume information of the first note is “40”, the chord is “101000”, the intonation information is “16”, and the chord is “00010000”, the first
The initial state of the output of the counter 723 is “101000”
With this pattern, the voltage level of the attenuation ratio corresponding to this pattern becomes the output _Ve of the attenuator 722. Since the highest bit of the intonation information is "0", the first counter 723 operates as a down counter and realizes a crescent function. _There are 128 note length clocks/
Since the length is one note, 128/16=8 borrow signals are output from the second counter 724 during one note length,
The output state of the first counter 723 is changed by 8 steps. Therefore, during the generation of the first sound, the output V _e changes in level as shown in the top waveform diagram of FIG. The volume information for the second note is 32, and the chord is "100000," which is a code that expresses the level reached by the crescendo function of the first note. The code of the intonation information of the second note is "01110000", and in this case, the first counter 723 is prohibited from counting due to the function of the gate 725, and the output V _e is maintained at the same level. Third
Since the code of the intonation information of the note is "10001010" and the highest bit is "1", it will be understood that the first counter operates as an up counter and a 12-step decresend function can be achieved.

As shown in FIG. 8, the output V _e of the intonation generator 72 is used as a voltage applied to the envelope waveform generator 25 to control the level of the envelope waveform, and as a result, the level of the final synthesized sound. Control intonation and volume. Therefore, the attenuator 19 in the basic configuration shown in FIG. 2 is unnecessary.

As described in detail above, since it has amplitude modulation and intonation generation functions, a tremolo effect and a subtle amplitude variation effect can be obtained.

FIG. 11 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of adding a noise superimposing function to the basic configuration of the present invention. In addition to the basic configuration shown in FIG.
0, a noise selector 81, an eleventh register 82, and an adder 83 are added. FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a specific example of the above additional portion excluding the adder 83.

The noise generator 80 is a circuit that generates eight types of noise signals with different frequency spectrum distributions, and is broadly divided into a white noise generation circuit and a filter circuit. All of these methods are well known. White noise is generated by shifting a shift register 802 of approximately 10 bits using a 100 to 500 kHz clock from an oscillator 801, and inputting the output states of two or more appropriate stages of such a shift register 802 to an exclusive OR circuit 803. death,
This can be approximately obtained by using the output as the input data of this shift register 802. As for the filter, noise signals having different frequency spectrum distributions may be obtained by appropriately combining a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter. Filter 80 in the figure
4 is an example of a low-pass filter. The noise selector 81 is an 8-contact analog switch, and the connection contact of the analog switch is determined by 3-bit noise information sent from the CPU 1 to the 11th register 82, and one of the 8 types of noise signals is selected. It is selected and output as a noise signal S _o . This output _So is sent to the periodic waveform generator 23, the envelope waveform generator 25, or the adder 83 and mixed into the composite waveform.

Note that in addition to multiplying the periodic waveform mixed with the noise waveform and the envelope waveform by the multiplier 34, a switch 83 may be provided to change the product of the noise waveform and the envelope waveform mixed with the noise waveform. Often, the latter can produce musical sounds similar to those of percussion instruments such as clappers, castanets, and maracas.

As detailed above, since the synthesized sound has the function of including noise, it is possible to generate a musical sound that is even closer to the sound of a natural instrument.

FIG. 13 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of adding a rhythm modulation function to the basic configuration of the present invention. In addition to the basic configuration shown in FIG.
Twelve registers 91 have been added. In combination with the fourth register 20, this rhythm modulator 90 generates the rhythm clock generator 21 of the basic configuration described above.
It includes the following functions.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a specific example of the rhythm modulator 90. This is constructed by combining functional elements of an integrated circuit. The speed motto information transferred from the CPU 1 to the fourth register 20 is given to a counter 901 that performs up/down operations, and normally the counter 901 is in a state where counting is prohibited.
The input speed motto information is output as is as address data of a read-only memory (ROM) 902. The ROM 902 stores 256 words of 12-bit data, and the 12-bit data corresponding to the address input is supplied to the rate multiplier 903. The rate multiplier 903 outputs the third basic clock source 32 according to the output data of the ROM 902.
The frequency of the second basic clock _φ3 is converted and output as the rhythm clock _φ0 . ROM9
_The frequency of the second basic clock φ ₃ and
Data values in ROM 902 are set. As mentioned above, the rhythm clock _φ0 is the note length clock circuit 17.
The period corresponds to the shortest note length (equivalent to 1/256 note).

The above operation is for a fixed rhythm, and the twelfth register 91 and preset counter 904 are used to change the rhythm, that is, to realize retardand and accelerand in musical terms. Approximately 10 bits of speed change information is transferred from the CPU 1 to the 12th register 91. One bit of the output information of the 12th register 91 is stored in the counter 901.
The counter 901 is sent to the C _i terminal of the counter 901 to enable counting. Another bit in the twelfth register 91 is information that identifies the direction of the rhythm change, that is, whether it is a retardant or an accelerant.
terminal and determines the counting direction of this counter 901. The remaining information in the 12th register 91 is numerical information expressing the degree of rhythm change.
This is input to preset counter 904 as a preset value. The preset counter 904 counts the output of the rate multiplier 903, that is, the rhythm clock _φ0 , and when the preset value is reached, a borrow signal is input to the clock terminal of the counter 901, and as a result, the address of the ROM 902 is changed by one. Rhythm clock φ ₀ frequency is 1
Change in stages. On the other hand, the preset counter 90
4 is the 12th register 91 by the borrow signal.
The numerical information is input again from , and the above-mentioned operation is repeated at a cycle corresponding to the contents of the numerical information, thereby changing the rhythm clock _φ0 in steps. In this way, the rhythm modulator 90 can be used to change the tempo of a song.

As described in detail above, since it has a rhythm modulation function, it is possible to change the tempo of a song at will, making it possible to generate very emotional musical tones.

FIG. 15 is a block configuration diagram showing an embodiment of this invention constructed by adding all the above-mentioned additional functions to the basic configuration of FIG. 2, and its configuration and operation are as explained in FIGS. As it is, there is no need for further explanation.

Now, when constructing an automatic performance device as illustrated in FIG. 1 using such a musical tone generator, by using a multi-channel musical tone generator, the musical expression ability is greatly improved. Music synthesis on an orchestral scale can be realized by multi-channeling up to 16 channels (voices). However, in this case, usually as many musical tone generators as the number of channels are required. However, by making use of the configuration of the musical tone generator described so far, a compact multi-channel musical tone generator can be realized.

The part 100 surrounded by the dashed-dotted line in Fig. 15
must be provided for each channel, but the other parts, namely, the data bus 12, the 12-tone generator 28, the first basic clock source 29, the frequency modulation waveform generator 60, and the rising and falling clock generators. 30, second basic clock source 31, amplitude modulated wave generator 70, noise generator 80, fourth register 2
0, the twelfth register 91, the rhythm modulator 90, and the third basic clock source 32 can be used in common for each channel. FIG. 16 is a block configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. In accordance with the above-mentioned gist, only one set of common parts is provided, and each channel part 100 is
101, 102, . . . 103 corresponding to the required number are provided. Signals are sent from the common part to each channel part 101, 102, ......, 103, and each channel part 101, 102, .
. . . , 103 can generate synchronized yet unique musical tones, and by making them multi-channel, it is possible to synthesize music on an orchestral scale.

As detailed above, in the musical tone generator according to the present invention, the musical parameters in the first to twelfth registers can be changed for each note, so in addition to creating music that is faithful to the musical score, it is also possible to Since the periodic waveform can be frequency modulated at any frequency, pitch vibrato, glide effect, voltament effect, etc. can be achieved, and since it has amplitude modulation and intonation generation functions, tremolo effect and subtle amplitude fluctuation effects can be achieved. Furthermore, by including noise in the synthesized sound, it is possible to generate musical sounds that are even closer to the sounds of natural instruments, and because it has a rhythm modulation function, it is possible to change the tempo of the song at will, which is usually expressed in musical scores. It can cover almost all types of musical expression, and can generate expressive musical tones that are faithful to the musical score.

Furthermore, in the second invention of the present application, in multi-channeling that can be used for synthesizing music on an orchestral scale,
Since a common part is provided, the device can be configured compactly, making it convenient for circuit adjustment, etc. Furthermore, since a 12-tone generator is provided in a common part, all channels can be unified with an equal-tempered scale on one key. , there is no adjustment disturbance due to pitch deviation between channels,
Since the rhythm modulator is also provided in a common area, the rhythm can be perfectly unified across all channels.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block configuration diagram showing an automatic performance device as a prior art, FIG. 2 is a block configuration diagram showing only the basic configuration of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining the principle of a current field type waveform generator, and FIG. Figure 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a scanning clock selector, and Figure 5 shows an envelope waveform obtained by combining the current field type waveform generator of Figure 3 and the scanning clock selector of Figure 4. A waveform diagram showing an example, Fig. 6 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of adding a frequency modulation function to the basic configuration, Fig. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a specific example of the added part, and Fig. 8 shows the basic configuration. 9 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of addition of an amplitude modulation function and an intonation generation function, FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a specific example of the added part,
Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the intonation generator, Fig. 11
The figure is a block configuration diagram showing an example of adding a noise superimposition function to the basic configuration, Figure 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a specific example of the added part, and Figure 13 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of adding a rhythm modulation function to the basic configuration. FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a specific example of a rhythm modulator, FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 16 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block configuration diagram showing an example. In the figure, 8 is a tone generator, 14 is a first register, 15 is a pitch selector, 16 is a second register, 17 is a note length timer, 18 is a third register, 19 is an attenuator, and 20 is a 4 registers, 2
1 is a rhythm clock generator, 22 is a fifth register, 23 is a periodic waveform generator, 24 is a sixth register, 25 is an envelope waveform generator, and 26 is a seventh register.
register, 27 is a scan clock selector, 28
12 tone generator, 30 a rising and falling clock generator, 34 a multiplier, 35 a resistor plate, 36 a potential detection electrode, 37 a voltage application electrode, 38 a voltage application circuit, 39 a scanning circuit, 60 is a frequency modulation waveform generator, 61 is a modulation waveform selector, 62 is a modulator, 63 is an eighth register, 70 is an amplitude modulation waveform generator, 71 is an amplitude modulation waveform selector, 72 is an intonation generator, 73 is an eighth register. 9 register, 74 10th register, 80 noise generator, 81 noise selector, 82 11th register, 90 rhythm modulator, 91 12th register, 100, 101,
102 and 103 are channel portions. Note that the same reference numerals in the figures indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A first register that stores pitch information, a second register that stores note length information, a third register that stores volume information, and a fourth register that stores tempo motto information.
a fifth register that stores periodic waveform information related to the timbre; a sixth register that stores envelope waveform information related to the timbre; a seventh register that stores envelope rise and fall time information related to the timbre; 8th for storing frequency modulation information
, a 9th register that stores intonation information, a 10th register that stores amplitude modulation information, an 11th register that stores noise information, a 12th register that stores velocity change information, and a 10th register that stores intonation information.
a 12-tone generator that generates pitch clocks corresponding to the 12 tones; a pitch selector that selects one of the pitch clocks output from the 12-tone generator based on information stored in the first register; and a pitch selector that frequency modulates the frequency of the pitch clock. a frequency modulation waveform generator that generates a plurality of waveforms, a modulation waveform selector that selects one of the waveforms output from the frequency modulation waveform generator based on information stored in the eighth register; A modulator that frequency modulates the output pitch clock of the pitch selector with an output waveform, a periodic waveform generator that generates a periodic waveform based on the information stored in the fifth register and according to the pitch clock modulated by the modulator, and an envelope. A rising/falling clock generator that generates a plurality of types of rising/falling clocks that are the basis of the rising and falling times of a waveform, and outputs from the rising/falling clock generator based on the information stored in the seventh register. a scanning clock selector for selecting one of the clocks; an envelope waveform generator for generating an envelope waveform based on the information stored in the sixth register and in accordance with the clock selected by the scanning clock selector;
An amplitude modulation waveform generator that generates a plurality of waveforms to amplitude modulate the envelope waveform, and an amplitude modulation that selects one of the waveforms output from the amplitude modulation waveform generator based on information stored in the tenth register. a waveform selector, an intonation generator that controls the amplitude of the envelope waveform based on the information stored in the third register and the information stored in the ninth register, and generates a signal that changes the amplitude at a predetermined rate during one note length; a noise generator that generates multiple types of noise waveforms to be superimposed; a noise selector that selects one of the noise waveforms based on the information stored in the eleventh register; and a noise selector that corresponds to the information stored in the fourth register. or this period is the number one above.
a rhythm modulator that outputs a rhythm clock modulated based on the information stored in the 12 registers; a note length clock circuit that measures a time corresponding to the content stored in the second register using the rhythm clock as a time measurement unit; and the amplitude modulation waveform selector. a multiplier for obtaining the product of the output of the envelope waveform generator and the output of the periodic waveform generator, which are subjected to amplitude modulation control by the output waveform of the output waveform and the output signal of the intonation generator; The musical tone generating device is provided with means for superimposing a noise waveform selected by the noise selector on the synthesized wave output generated by the musical tone generating device, and each of the registers introduces the stored information for each note. 2. A resistance plate each provided with a plurality of voltage application electrodes and a plurality of potential detection electrodes, a voltage application circuit that applies a voltage in a desired pattern to the plurality of voltage application electrodes, and the plurality of potential detection electrodes. A first waveform generator having a scanning circuit that sequentially scans the electrodes to obtain a voltage waveform is used as a periodic waveform generator,
The voltage application pattern by the above voltage application circuit is
The scan by the scanning circuit is controlled by the pitch clock selected by the pitch selector, and the second waveform generator having the same configuration as the first waveform generator generates an envelope waveform. The voltage application pattern by the voltage application circuit of the second waveform generator is controlled by the information stored in the sixth register, and the scanning by the scanning circuit of the second waveform generator is selected by the scan clock selector. 2. The musical tone generating device according to claim 1, wherein the musical tone generating device is controlled by a rising and falling clock. 3. A first register for storing pitch information, a second register for storing note length information, a third register for storing volume information, and a fourth register for storing tempo motto information.
a fifth register that stores periodic waveform information related to the timbre; a sixth register that stores envelope waveform information related to the timbre; a seventh register that stores envelope rise and fall time information related to the timbre; 8th for storing frequency modulation information
, a 9th register that stores intonation information, a 10th register that stores amplitude modulation information, an 11th register that stores noise information, a 12th register that stores velocity change information, and a 10th register that stores intonation information.
a 12-tone generator that generates pitch clocks corresponding to the 12 tones; a pitch selector that selects one of the pitch clocks output from the 12-tone generator based on information stored in the first register; and a pitch selector that frequency modulates the frequency of the pitch clock. a frequency modulation waveform generator that generates a plurality of waveforms, a modulation waveform selector that selects one of the waveforms output from the frequency modulation waveform generator based on information stored in the eighth register; A modulator that frequency modulates the output pitch clock of the pitch selector with an output waveform, a periodic waveform generator that generates a periodic waveform based on the information stored in the fifth register and according to the pitch clock modulated by the modulator, and an envelope. A rising/falling clock generator that generates a plurality of types of rising/falling clocks that are the basis of the rising and falling times of a waveform, and outputs from the rising/falling clock generator based on the information stored in the seventh register. a scanning clock selector for selecting one of the clocks; an envelope waveform generator for generating an envelope waveform based on the information stored in the sixth register and in accordance with the clock selected by the scanning clock selector;
An amplitude modulation waveform generator that generates a plurality of waveforms to amplitude modulate the envelope waveform, and an amplitude modulation that selects one of the waveforms output from the amplitude modulation waveform generator based on information stored in the tenth register. a waveform selector, an intonation generator that controls the amplitude of the envelope waveform based on the information stored in the third register and the information stored in the ninth register, and generates a signal that changes the amplitude at a predetermined rate during one note length; a noise generator that generates multiple types of noise waveforms to be superimposed; a noise selector that selects one of the noise waveforms based on the information stored in the eleventh register; and a noise selector that corresponds to the information stored in the fourth register. or this period is the number one above.
a rhythm modulator that outputs a rhythm clock modulated based on the information stored in the 12 registers; a note length clock circuit that measures a time corresponding to the content stored in the second register using the rhythm clock as a time measurement unit; and the amplitude modulation waveform selector. a multiplier for obtaining the product of the output of the envelope waveform generator and the output of the periodic waveform generator, which are subjected to amplitude modulation control by the output waveform of the output waveform and the output signal of the intonation generator; said 12-tone generator, said frequency modulator, and a means for superimposing a noise waveform selected by said noise selector on said synthesized wave output; a waveform generator, the above-mentioned rising and falling clock generator, the above-mentioned amplitude modulation waveform generator,
providing one set of the rhythm modulator, the fourth register, and the twelfth register as common parts;
A musical tone generating device characterized in that a plurality of sets of remaining portions are provided as channel portions, and the common portion controls the plurality of sets of channel portions. 4. A resistive plate each provided with a plurality of voltage application electrodes and a plurality of potential detection electrodes, a voltage application circuit that applies a voltage to the plurality of voltage application electrodes in a desired pattern, and the plurality of potential detection electrodes. A first waveform generator having a scanning circuit that sequentially scans the electrodes to obtain a voltage waveform is used as a periodic waveform generator,
The voltage application pattern by the voltage application circuit described above is
The scan by the scanning circuit is controlled by the pitch clock selected by the pitch selector, and the second waveform generator having the same configuration as the first waveform generator generates an envelope waveform. The voltage application pattern by the voltage application circuit of the second waveform generator is controlled by the information stored in the sixth register, and the scanning by the scanning circuit of the second waveform generator is selected by the scan clock selector. 4. The musical tone generating device according to claim 3, wherein the musical tone generating device is controlled by a rising/falling clock.