JPH11313540A - Cultivation of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To harvest mushrooms of high quality having large size and high body thickness via the optimal cultivation and growth by arranging water bags that are prepared by filling specific bags made of nonwoven fabric with water in the mushroom house to keep the temperature and humidity in suitable ranges inside the mushroom house, as their fluctuation is suppressed. SOLUTION: In the mushroom house, mushrooms are grown through the mushroom bed culture process or through the log culture process. In this case, bags made of nonwoven fabric having a water vapor permeability of 1,000-12,000 (preferably 3,000-10,000) g/m<2> /24 hours and an air permeability of 10-200 (preferably 20-130 sec/100 cc are filled with water and the sealed bags are arranged in the house and the mushrooms are cultured. These water bags are arranged in the house, when the mushrooms are grown as at least the culture medium is exposed to the atmosphere in the house. In a preferred embodiment, the water bags are resistant to the water pressure of 500-3,000 mm H2 O.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms. The inoculum is inoculated with a mushroom inoculum on a medium (bacterial bed) or a log. After inoculation of the inoculated inoculum, the seeds are stimulated to germinate, and the fruiting body of the mushroom is grown and harvested. And log cultivation are widely practiced. The present invention relates to an improvement of a method for cultivating such mushrooms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method of cultivating a mushroom bed or a log, as described above, the procedure of inoculating a culture medium (bacterium bed) or a log with a seed fungus, culturing, sprouting, growing, and harvesting, has been described. I do. And usually, after harvesting the first mushroom, the procedure of reculturing → rebudding → regrowth → reharvesting is repeated several times to harvest the mushroom several times from the same medium or log. Things are going on. The mushroom bed cultivation or log cultivation is generally performed in a house, but in order to promote cultivation and growth smoothly and to harvest as many large, thick, high-quality mushrooms as possible, the temperature in the house must be maintained. It is important to keep humidity in the proper range.

Therefore, conventionally, in the mushroom bed cultivation or the log cultivation, a heater hose or a heater pipe is attached to the floor of the house to keep the temperature and humidity in the house within an appropriate range. In addition to flowing hot water, hoses and sprinklers are used to repeatedly sprinkle water on the floor surface in the house, the culture medium or the log. However, trying to keep the temperature and humidity inside the house in an appropriate range by such a method, as a practical matter, often necessitates the troublesome manual work of sprinkling water on the floor surface, the medium or the log in the house, and still nonetheless. However, there is a problem that the temperature and humidity in the house vary widely. In mushroom bed cultivation or log cultivation, air conditioning equipment may be installed in order to maintain the temperature and humidity inside the house within an appropriate range, but in this case, a large and expensive air conditioning equipment is required. is there.

[0004]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in the conventional method, large and expensive air conditioning equipment is required for cultivating mushrooms in order to keep the temperature and humidity in the house within an appropriate range. Or, they are often forced to perform cumbersome manual work, in which case the temperature and humidity in the house still vary widely.

[0005]

The inventor of the present invention has studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, it has been found that a water bag filled with water in a non-woven bag having predetermined physical properties is preferably disposed in a house. Was found.

[0006] The present invention provides a process for bacteria bed cultivation or timber cultivated mushrooms in house, in the house, in moisture permeability 1000~12000g / m ^2/24 hours an air permeability of 10 to 200 sec / 100 cc nonwoven The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a mushroom, wherein a water bag filled with water is arranged in a bag made of mushrooms.

[0007] In the present invention, the procedure of inoculation of a seed (bacterium) into a medium (bacterial bed) or a raw wood → culture → sprouting → growth → harvesting is performed. And usually, after harvesting the first mushroom, the procedure of reculturing → rebudding → regrowth → reharvesting is repeated several times to harvest the mushroom several times from the same medium or log. .

[0008] In the above-described cultivation of the fungus bed, usually, until the first sprout, a sterilization filter is attached in order to equalize the number of sprouts, and the cultivation bag is sealed in such a manner that the outside air does not linearly enter. Immediately after the first bud or during the first growth, open the culture bag to promote mushroom growth,
Thereafter, the culture is performed while exposing the medium to the atmosphere in the house. In the above-described log cultivation, the log is cultivated while always being exposed to the atmosphere in the house. After the culture bag is opened in fungal bed cultivation, and always in log cultivation, the culture medium or log is exposed to the atmosphere in the house. In order to harvest as much mushrooms as possible,
It is important to keep the temperature and humidity inside the house within an appropriate range.

According to the present invention, in the mushroom bed cultivation or the log cultivation as described above, the house has a moisture permeability of 100.
0～12000G / m air permeability 10-20 at ^2/24 hours
A water bag filled with water is placed in a non-woven bag of 0 sec / 100 cc. The nonwoven fabric used for the water bag material has a moisture permeability of 3
2,000 to 10,000 g / m ² / 24-hour air permeability of 20 to
130 sec / 100 cc is preferable, and the water pressure resistance is 50
Those 0~3000mmH ₂ O is more preferable. As the non-woven fabric having such physical properties, a commercially available product can be used. As described above, two or more kinds of product numbers can be used by appropriately overlapping them. The method of manufacturing the bag from the nonwoven fabric is arbitrary, such as welding, bonding, sewing, etc., and the shape and structure of the manufactured bag are also arbitrary.However, usually, for convenience, a flat rectangular shape by bonding, in other words, a slightly elongated cement is used. It is preferable to make a bag-like thing. Then, hot water can be sealed in the nonwoven fabric bag as necessary. In the present invention, the moisture permeability (g / g)
m ^2/24 hours) of JIS-Z0208- modified method (40
C./90% RH), and the air permeability (sec / 100 cc) is a value obtained according to JIS-P8117 (Gurley method).
H ₂ O) is a value determined based on the JIS-L1092-A method (low water pressure method).

[0010] In mushroom bed cultivation or log cultivation,
When the water bag as described above is placed in the house, the water sealed in the water bag gradually leaks out to the surface, and this becomes water vapor in the house and evaporates.As a result, the temperature and humidity in the house are reduced. It can be kept in a substantially constant appropriate range over a long period of time. As described above, after opening the culture bag in fungal bed cultivation, and also in log cultivation,
The culture medium or log is exposed to the atmosphere in the house, and is directly affected by the temperature and humidity in the house.Therefore, when cultivating mushrooms with the culture medium exposed to the atmosphere in the house in fungal bed cultivation, In log cultivation, it is preferable to arrange the water bag as described above in the house at all times.

The arrangement of the water bag in the house is arbitrary. For example, a water bag can be laid on the floor of the house except for the passage. However, in the house, a heater hose or a hose is usually provided on the floor. Is fitted with a heater pipe, and hot water is supplied to the heater pipe to adjust the temperature in the house. Therefore, it is preferable to place a water bag on the heater hose or the heater pipe. Usually, a plurality of shelves for mounting a culture medium or a log are provided in a plurality, and in this case, a heater hose or a heater pipe as described above is attached under these shelves. Preferably, a water bag is placed on a hose or heater pipe. When the water bag is arranged in this manner, the heat from the heater hose or the heater pipe promotes the evaporation of the water that gradually seeps out of the surface of the water bag, and the evaporated water vapor is heated from the heater pipe or the heater hose. As a result, the temperature and humidity in the house can be kept within a more appropriate range because the air spreads in the house while passing around the medium or the log on the shelf on the rising airflow caused by the air.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention include the following 1) to 4). 1) Inoculate the sterilized culture medium in the culture bag with the inoculum, attach a disinfecting filter to the opening and seal the opening, place it on a shelf in the house, and culture → sprout → After the first mushroom was collected in the procedure of opening the culture bag → growth → harvest, the procedure of recultivation → re-germination → regrowth → reharvest was repeated twice with the medium being naked, and the second and third times In the mushroom bed cultivation of harvesting the mushroom for the second time, the moisture permeability 643 was set on the heater hose placed under the shelf in the house.
0g / m ^2/24 hours, the air permeability 22 seconds / 100 cc and a water pressure resistance 1580mmH ₂ O slightly cement bag-like water bag elongated encapsulating water bag made of nonwoven fabric of placed in a row-shaped mushroom How to grow.

2) The inoculum inoculated to the sterilized raw wood is placed on a shelf in the house, and cultivation → budding → growth →
After harvesting the first mushroom in the harvesting procedure, repeat the procedure of recultivation → re-germination → regrowth → reharvesting twice, harvesting the second and third mushrooms, mushroom log cultivation in the house the on heater hose was crawl in under cabinet, moisture permeability 5390g / m ^2/24 hours, air permeability of 40 sec / 100 cc and a water pressure resistance 770mmH ₂ O nonwoven made of slightly elongated enclosed water bag cement bag-like A method of growing mushrooms by placing water bags in a row.

[0014] 3) moisture permeability 4790g / m ^2/24 hours,
A method of cultivating mushrooms in the same manner as in 1) above, except that a non-woven bag having an air permeability of 40 seconds / 100 cc and a water pressure resistance of 960 mmH ₂ O is used.

[0015] 4) moisture permeability 6000g / m ^2/24 hours,
How but using air permeability 20 seconds / 100 cc and a water pressure resistance 1650MmH ₂ O bag made of nonwoven fabric of cultivating mushrooms in the same manner as in 2).

[0016]

EXAMPLES Example 1 A culture medium (90 parts by weight of sawdust,
1 kg of a medium consisting of 5 parts by weight of bran, 4 parts by weight of rice bran, and 1 part by weight of corn powder and having a water content of 65% by weight.
After heat sterilization and cooling, 10 g of Shiitake mushroom
Was inoculated, and a sterilization filter was attached to the opening of the culture bag to seal the opening. 300 bags of the same were prepared.
On the other hand, in a simple greenhouse with a floor of soil (length 14m x width 6m x height 2.5m), ten 6-tier shelves are installed,
A heater hose was placed under these shelves, and hot water at 60 to 70 ° C. was supplied to the heater hose. Separately, moisture permeability 6430g / m ^2/24 hours, air permeability 22 seconds / 100c
c and a non-woven fabric with a water pressure of 1580 mmH ₂ O (product number 1073B of Tyvek manufactured by Asahi DuPont Flash Spun Products Co., Ltd.), and an elongated cement bag-like bag (1 m long × 0.5 m wide) is produced by bonding. Then, the bag was almost completely filled with water and the opening was sealed. A number of similar water bags were produced, and these were placed horizontally in a row on a heater hose placed under each shelf in a simple greenhouse. Place five culture bags on each shelf of each shelf in a simple greenhouse, and cultivate in the usual manner, except that no watering is performed during cultivation, but culture → sprouting → opening of culture bags → growth → harvesting Harvest the first mushroom and harvest the second and third mushrooms by repeating the procedure of culturing in the procedure of recultivation → re-germination → regrowth → reharvesting twice with the medium naked did. The first harvest took 120 days, 2 days
The number of days required for each of the third and third rounds was 40 days, and the temperature outside the simple greenhouse during cultivation was 2.5 to 8.0.
The temperature and humidity were 35 to 90% RH. Table 1 shows the temperature and humidity variations in the simple greenhouse, the state of the medium, the quality of harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

Comparative Example 1 Mushrooms were cultivated in the same simple greenhouse juxtaposed with the simple greenhouse of Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1 in parallel with Example 1. However, in this case, the water bag was not used, and water was sufficiently sprinkled on each stage of each shelf and the culture medium using a water sprayer twice a day during cultivation. Table 1 shows the temperature and humidity variations in the simple greenhouse, the state of the medium, the quality of harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

[0018]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, temperature / humidity: Temperature / humidity meters were installed near the second, fourth, and sixth stages of each shelf, and the temperature and humidity during cultivation were continuously measured and recorded. The minimum and maximum were determined from the records, and the average was shown in parentheses. Medium: The medium was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. ；: Overall excellent in bulkiness, wet state, color tone, etc. △: Slightly dry, but generally good in bulkiness, wet state, color tone, etc. ×: Remarkably dry, recognized in bulky, wet state, color tone, etc.
Overall poor quality: Harvested mushrooms were visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. ○: Overall excellent in umbrella size, thickness, growth of limpi, color tone, etc. △: The size of umbrella is slightly smaller and slightly thinner, but umbrella size, thickness, growth of limpi, Generally good in color, etc. ×; The size of the umbrella is quite small and the thickness is quite thin.
Umbrella size, wall thickness, growth of limpi, color tone, etc. are generally poor.

Example 2 A raw wood (Karara having a length of about 90 cm × a diameter of about 9 cm) was heated and sterilized and cooled, and then, at a rate of 49 per seed, Shiitake mushroom germs were 12 mm in diameter and 27 mm in depth. Was inoculated into the hole and sealed. 300 similar ones were prepared. On the other hand, a simple greenhouse with a floor of soil (length 14m x width 6)
(m × 2.5 m), 10 shelves with 6 tiers were installed, and heater hoses were placed under these shelves.
Warm water of 0 to 70 ° C. was allowed to flow. Separately, moisture permeability 5390g / m ^2/24 hours, air permeability 40 seconds / 100 cc
Using a non-woven fabric (product number 1056D of Tyvek manufactured by Asahi Dupont Flash Spun Products Co., Ltd.) having a water pressure resistance of 770 mm H ₂ O, an elongated cement bag-like bag (length 2 m × width 0.5 m) is produced by bonding, The bag was almost completely filled with water and the opening was sealed. A number of similar water bags were produced, and these were placed horizontally in a row on a heater hose placed under each shelf in a simple greenhouse. Place 5 logs on each shelf of each shelf in a simple greenhouse, and follow the usual method, except that watering is not performed during cultivation, and culture →
After harvesting the first mushroom by cultivation in the procedure of sprouting → growing → harvesting, the work of cultivating in the procedure of recultivation → re-germination → regrowth → reharvesting is repeated twice, and the second and third mushrooms are obtained. Harvested. 150 days for the first harvest
The number of days required for each of the second and third times was 45 days, and the temperature outside the greenhouse during cultivation was 3.0 to 3.0.
9.5 ° C, humidity was 36-98% RH. Table 2 summarizes the variation in temperature and humidity in the simple greenhouse, the state of the raw wood, the quality of harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

Comparative Example 2 Mushrooms were cultivated in the same simple greenhouse juxtaposed with the simple greenhouse of Example 2 in parallel with Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 2. However, in this case, the water bag was not used, and during the cultivation, water was sufficiently sprinkled on each step of each shelf and the log using a sprinkler twice a day. Table 1 summarizes the variations in temperature and humidity in the simple greenhouse, the state of the raw wood, the quality of the harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

[0022]

[Table 2]

In Table 2, raw wood: The raw wood was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. ○: generally excellent in wet state, color tone, etc. △: slightly dry, but generally good in wet state, color tone, etc. ×: considerably dry, recognized in general poor in wet state, color tone, etc. same as below.

[0024] - Example 3 moisture permeability 4790g / m ^2/24 hours, air permeability 40 seconds / 1
The mushrooms were cultivated and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a water bag was manufactured using a nonwoven fabric of 00 cc and a water pressure of 960 mmH ₂ O (product number 1073D of Tyvek manufactured by Asahi DuPont Flash Spun Products Co., Ltd.). . The number of days required for the first harvest was 120 days, the number of days required for each of the second and third harvests was 40 days, the temperature outside the simple greenhouse during cultivation was 3.5 to 9.5 ° C, and the humidity was 38-9
It was 7% RH. Table 3 summarizes the variations in temperature and humidity in the simple greenhouse, the state of the medium, the quality of harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

Comparative Example 3 Mushrooms were cultivated in the same simple greenhouse juxtaposed with the simple greenhouse of Example 3 in the same manner as in Example 3 in parallel with Example 3. However, in this case, the water bag was not used, and water was sufficiently sprinkled on each stage of each shelf and the culture medium using a water sprayer twice a day during cultivation. Table 3 summarizes the variations in temperature and humidity in the simple greenhouse, the state of the medium, the quality of harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

[0026]

[Table 3]

[0027] - Example 4 moisture permeability 6000 g / m ^2/24 hours, air permeability of 20 seconds / 1
Mushrooms were cultivated and harvested in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a water bag was manufactured using a non-woven fabric (No. 1060B of Tyvek manufactured by Asahi DuPont Flash Spun Products Co., Ltd.) of 00 cc and water pressure resistance of 1650 mmH ₂ O. . 1
The number of days required for the first harvest was 150 days, the number of days required for each of the second and third rounds was 45 days, the temperature outside the simple greenhouse during cultivation was 4.0 to 9.5 ° C, and the humidity was 35. ~
It was 95% RH. Table 4 summarizes the variation in temperature and humidity in the simple greenhouse, the condition of the raw wood, the quality of harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

Comparative Example 4 Mushrooms were cultivated in a similar simple greenhouse juxtaposed with the simple greenhouse of Example 4 in parallel with Example 4 in the same manner as in Example 4. However, in this case, the water bag was not used, and during the cultivation, water was sufficiently sprinkled on each step of each shelf and the log using a sprinkler twice a day. Table 4 summarizes the variation in temperature and humidity in the simple greenhouse, the condition of the raw wood, the quality of harvested mushrooms, and the yield in each cultivation.

[0029]

[Table 4]

[0030]

As is clear from the above description, the present invention described above suppresses the temperature and humidity variations in the house by using an inexpensive and simple method to keep them in an appropriate range, whereby the cultivation and growth can be carried out smoothly. The effect is that many large, thick, high-quality mushrooms can be harvested.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method of cultivating mushrooms in a house on a fungal bed or a log, wherein the moisture permeability of the house is 1000 to 1
2000 g / m ² / 24-hour air permeability of 10 to 200 seconds /
A method for cultivating a mushroom, wherein a water bag filled with water is placed in a 100 cc non-woven bag. 2. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein a water bag is arranged when cultivating mushrooms in a state where at least the culture medium is exposed to the atmosphere in the house. 3. A moisture permeability of 3000 to 10000 g / m ² /
The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a water bag filled with water is arranged in a non-woven bag having an air permeability of 20 to 130 seconds / 100 cc for 24 hours. 4. A water bag filled with water is disposed in a non-woven bag having a water pressure resistance of 500 to 3000 mmH ₂ O.
The method for cultivating mushrooms according to 2 or 3. 5. The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1, wherein a water bag is arranged on a heater hose or a heater pipe provided in the house. 6. The mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the water bag is arranged on a heater hose or a heater pipe provided under a shelf of a medium or a shelf for placing a log in the house. Cultivation method.