JPH11265727A - Lead-acid battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress a short service life caused by performance dispersion of each cell and to improve battery appearance and visibility of an electrolyte surface. SOLUTION: In this lead-acid battery, a mono-block battery jar 16 formed by a see-through material is divided into plural cell compartments 18-23 by separators 17 in parallel with a battery jar wall 24, a cell 7 having the same number of positive electrode plates 3 and negative electrode plates 4 are stored in these cell compartments 18-23, the negative electrode plate 4 of the cell 7 stored in the cell 18, 23 located at the side end is placed so as to face the battery jar side wall 24 and the positive electrode plate 3 is placed so as to face the separator 17, respectively. Thereby, the positive electrode plate 3 is prevented from being influenced by external heat, and performance dispersion of each cell 7 is eliminated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lead storage battery, and more particularly to a lead storage battery for an automobile.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The structure of a cell in a conventional lead-acid battery for automobiles is such that the number of positive / negative plates is n / n +.
A configuration in which one negative electrode plate is added as one sheet (n is a natural number) is generally performed. However, while efforts are being made to improve the utilization rate of the active material, the number of negative electrode plates in the cell is being reduced. An n-sheet / n-sheet configuration in which one board is reduced or an n-sheet / n-1-sheet configuration in which two boards are reduced has been used.

[0003]

In a conventional lead-acid battery, when the number of positive / negative plates is n / n, the cells are stored in a battery case in the direction of storage. It turns out that special considerations are needed.

[0004] In particular, in the case of a lead-acid battery for automobiles used in a high-temperature atmosphere, the cells housed on both sides of the battery case are less likely to generate heat from the engine of the car than the cells housed in other parts. There was a problem that it was easily affected. In particular, in the case of an electrode plate of a cell housed in a side part of a battery case, when the electrode plate facing the battery case side wall is a positive electrode plate which is relatively easily affected by heat, this effect becomes remarkable. In addition, since the influence of heat is different between the cells stored at both ends depending on the positional relationship between the lead storage battery and the engine or other heating elements, the characteristics of each cell greatly vary, and the cells are relatively dispersed. There was also a problem that the life could be shortened early.

In general, a lead-acid battery for automobiles requires a means for checking the level of the electrolytic solution because the amount of the electrolytic solution decreases during use and adversely affects the performance. Generally, a battery case is formed of a material through which the electrolyte surface can be seen,
In addition, it has been widely practiced to display a liquid level line and to check the relative position between the electrolyte level and the liquid level line displayed on the battery case.

In such a case, if the electrode plate facing the battery case side wall is a positive electrode plate, the color tone of the negative electrode plate and the separator is similar to gray to gray-white, and the color tone of the positive electrode plate is dark brown. In addition, the color tone of the battery case side wall that is parallel to the electrode plate surface and the color side wall that is not parallel significantly deteriorate the design appearance of the lead-acid battery as a product, and the color tone of the positive electrode plate leads to electrolysis. There was a problem that it was difficult to see through the liquid surface.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the present invention, a positive electrode plate which is easily affected by heat is isolated from a side wall of a battery case which absorbs much external heat. And
The negative electrode plate, which is not easily affected by heat, is opposed to the side wall of the battery case.

[0008] Since the performance of the positive electrode plate can be prevented from being deteriorated by heat, variations in the performance of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate in a plurality of cells are suppressed, and the life characteristics of the plurality of cells differ even in a high temperature atmosphere. And the color tone of the negative electrode plate located close to the side wall of the battery case and the color tone of the battery case can be easily made the same system, which is effective both from the design point of view and from the perspective of the electrode liquid surface. Become a target.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a single battery case divided into a plurality of battery compartments by a partition wall parallel to the side wall of the battery case. The cells housed in parallel with each other and housed in single battery containers located at both side ends have a negative electrode plate opposed to a battery container side wall and a positive electrode plate opposed to a partition wall.

When a lead storage battery in which a plurality of cells are arranged in parallel is used in a high temperature atmosphere, heat is absorbed from the side wall of the battery case. That is, the cells are located at both ends. Further, since the performance of the positive electrode plate is easily deteriorated by the influence of heat, the cell life is deteriorated by the deterioration of the positive electrode plate, and as a result, the battery life is also shortened and shortened.

However, the cells housed in the single battery containers located on both side ends have the negative electrode plate facing the battery case side wall and the positive electrode plate facing the partition wall, so that the cells located on both side edges have heat. Since the positive electrode plate that is easily affected is located on the partition wall side that is farther from the battery case side wall, it is possible to prevent performance deterioration due to heat of the positive electrode plate, and to improve the battery life by equalizing the performance of each cell. be able to.

Further, the separator is formed in a bag shape, and either one of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is housed in the bag.

The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate can be electrically isolated from each other. When the positive electrode plate is housed in a bag-like separator, the positive brown plate having a distinctive brown color and the color tone can be replaced with the negative electrode plate and the electrolytic plate. Since the liquid and the color tone are covered by the same type of separator, the electrolyte surface can be easily seen through, and the design is also effective. Further, when the negative electrode plate is housed in a bag-shaped separator, the color tone of the negative electrode plate becomes more similar to that of the electrolytic solution, and the see-through confirmation of the electrolytic solution surface can be surely performed.

Furthermore, by forming the battery case from a material whose inside is easily transparent such as a polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer or a polypropylene resin, the stored cells are easily visible, and the electrolyte surface is surely confirmed. be able to.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

After a plurality of slits are formed in the longitudinal direction of the rolled lead sheet of the lead-calcium-tin alloy, the slit portions of the rolled lead sheet are developed and expanded to form an expanded mesh portion, and an expanded grid is formed. did. A paste-like active material is applied to the mesh portion of the expanded grid, filled and then cut into a single-sized electrode plate, and then subjected to an aging and drying process to produce a lead-acid battery electrode plate. did.

Here, the lead sheet used for the positive electrode plate was formed of a lead-tin-calcium alloy containing 1.3% by weight of tin in consideration of oxidation resistance, and the lead sheet used for the negative electrode plate was used. Was formed of a lead-tin-calcium alloy containing 0.3% by weight of tin for facilitating the expanding process because the oxidation resistance is not so required. Also,
In particular, as the positive electrode plate, a lead-antimony-based alloy thin film was press-bonded to a portion of the lead sheet where an expanded mesh portion was formed in consideration of overdischarge resistance. Further, a sheet-like separator made of microporous polyethylene was bent into a U-shape, and the left and right ends overlapped were welded to form a bag-like separator.

Next, the configuration of the cell will be described with reference to FIG. A bag-type positive electrode plate 3 is formed by storing one positive electrode plate 2 in the bag-like separator 1, and five bag-filled positive electrode plates 3 and five negative electrode plates 4 are used. A plate group, and the plate ears 5, 5 'of the same polarity plates
Were collectively welded to form a positive electrode strap 6 and a negative electrode strap 6 ′, thereby forming a cell 7. The positive electrode strap 6 is provided with a connecting member 8 made of a lead alloy made of a lead-antimony alloy during the collective welding of the plate lugs 5, and the negative electrode strap 6 ′ is formed with a lead-free component during the collective welding of the plate lugs 5 ′. The pole members 9 made of a lead alloy made of an antimony alloy are integrally welded. The positive electrode plate 2 and the negative electrode plate 4
Since the number of sheets is 5 in each case, one of the electrode plates at both ends constituting the cell 7 has the structure of the positive electrode plate 2 and the other has the structure of the negative electrode plate 4.

Next, a cell 10 as shown in FIG. 2 was prepared. In the cell 7, the positive electrode plate 2 is housed in the bag-shaped separator 1 to form the bagged positive electrode plate 3. In the case of the cell 10, the negative electrode plate 4 is housed in the bag-shaped separator 1 and is formed as the bagged negative electrode plate 11. In other respects, the configuration is the same. In FIG. 2, 12 and 12 ′ are electrode lugs, 13 is a positive electrode strap, 13 ′ is a negative electrode strap, 14 is a connector part, and 15 is an pole part.

Using these cells 7 or 10, a 55D2 having the configuration shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 is used.
A type 3 lead-acid battery for automobiles was created.

In FIG. 3, a monoblock battery case 16 has six cell chambers 18, 19, 20, 21,
22 and 23 are formed and the partition wall 17 is provided in parallel with the electrode plate forming the cell.
They are formed side by side in a row in the direction in which the electrode plates are superposed. The cells 7 shown in FIG. 1 are housed in the cell chambers 18 and 23 located at both ends of the cell chambers 18 to 23 arranged in a line, but the negative electrode plate located at one end is provided. 4 faces the battery case side wall 24 parallel to the electrode plate surface, and the bagged positive electrode plate 3 located at the other end is housed so as to face the partition wall 17. This lead-acid battery for automobiles was designated as Example Battery A.

The monoblock battery case 16 is made of a copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene containing 0.06% by weight of titanium oxide.
It is 5 mm so that the electrolyte surface can be seen through from the outside of the battery case.

In FIG. 4, cell chambers 1 located at both ends are shown.
The cells 7 are accommodated in 8 and 23, and the bagged positive electrode plate 3 is accommodated so as to face the battery case side wall 24 and the negative electrode plate 4 is opposed to the partition wall 17. This automotive lead storage battery was designated as Comparative Example Battery B.

In FIG. 5, cells 10 are accommodated in cell chambers 18 and 23 located at both ends, and a packaged negative electrode plate 11 located at one end faces the battery case side wall 24 and the other end. The positive electrode plate 2 located in the portion is housed so as to face the partition wall 17. This automotive lead storage battery was designated as Example Battery C.

In FIG. 6, cell chambers 1 located at both ends are shown.
The cells 10 are stored in the cells 8 and 23, with the positive electrode plate 2 facing the battery case side wall 24 and the bagged negative electrode plate 11 facing the partition wall 17. This automotive lead-acid battery was designated as Comparative Example Battery D.

In these batteries A, B, C and D, the lid 25 is heat-welded to the monoblock battery case 16 in a liquid-tight manner.
The positive pole part and the negative pole part are welded to the lead bushing while being inserted into the terminal lead bushing provided on the lid to form the positive terminal 26 and the negative terminal 27, and then the lid A diluted sulfuric acid electrolytic solution was injected from the liquid ports corresponding to the respective cell chambers provided in 25, and then the liquid was turned on, the electrolyte surface and the specific gravity were adjusted, and then the liquid port plugs 28 were attached to the liquid ports. The completed battery was subjected to a test.

For these batteries A, B, C and D, 7
A JIS light load life test was performed in a 5 ° C. atmosphere under charge / discharge conditions described in JIS-D5301. In the life test, as shown in FIG. 7, a width and a height of 300 mm
A hot plate 29 having a thickness of 50 mm and kept at a constant temperature of 90 ° C. is arranged, and a test is performed by reproducing a state where the battery is actually mounted on a vehicle.

The life was determined by discharging the test battery at a current of 356 A for 30 seconds, and the discharge end voltage at the 30th second was 7.
The time when the voltage became 2 V or less was defined as the life, and the number of charge / discharge cycles up to that point was defined as the life cycle.

The results of the JIS light load life test are as shown in Table 1 as an index when the number of life cycles of the battery B is 100.

[0030]

[Table 1]

From the results shown in Table 1, the batteries of Examples A and C have a longer life than the batteries of Comparative Examples B and D. This is considered to be due to the fact that it is located inside the block battery case 16 so that heat outside the battery is not transmitted.

Next, for each of the test batteries after the completion of the test, terminals were taken out so that the cell voltage of each cell could be measured, and the capacity was confirmed when the test was performed by the JIS light load life test. Discharge at 356A, discharge 3
The results of measuring the cell voltage at the 0th second are as shown in Table 2. In the cell number, the cell on the side adjacent to the hot plate 29 is No. The number of cells farthest from the hot plate 29 is No. 6.

[0033]

[Table 2]

From the results shown in Table 2, in each of the test batteries, No. Since the voltage of one cell is the lowest, it can be understood that the capacity deterioration due to heat progresses most and determines the life of the whole battery. In the batteries A and C of Example, the cell No. 1 and other cell Nos. Although the cell voltage difference from the cells 2 to 6 is in the range of 0.15 to 0.25 V, the batteries B and D of the comparative examples have a cell voltage difference of 0.1 to 0.2 V.
The deviation is large in the range of 75 to 1.00 V. This is because, in the cells constituting the batteries A and C of the embodiment, the influence of heat is hardly exerted on the positive electrode plate 2, so that the variation in voltage is reduced, and as a result, the life of the whole battery is shortened. It is considered that was suppressed.

In the battery A of the embodiment, the negative electrode plate 4
Faces the battery case side wall 24, and in the battery C of the embodiment, since the packaged negative electrode plate 11 faces the battery case side wall 24, a gray to gray-white color is obtained from the battery case side wall 24 parallel to the electrode plate surface. The negative electrode plate 4 having a similar color tone or the bag-like separator 1 accommodating the negative electrode plate 4 can be seen through, but the positive electrode having a generally dark brown color tone located on the side of the partition wall 17 away from the battery case side wall 24. The plate 2 cannot be seen through, and the visibility of the electrolyte surface becomes good. In general, the color tone of the negative electrode plate 4 and the bag-shaped separator 1 is similar to the color tone of the colorless and transparent electrolytic solution and the color of the white battery case used for the lead storage battery for automobiles. It does not impair the appearance.

In this embodiment, a lead-tin-calcium alloy is used as the expanded lattice of the positive electrode plate 2 and the negative electrode plate 4. Further, the expanded lattice of the positive electrode plate 2 has a lead-antimony-based alloy on its surface. Although a thin film of the alloy is pressed, for example, a lead-antimony-based alloy is used as an expanded lattice of the positive electrode plate 2, and a lead-calcium-based alloy is used as an expanded lattice of the negative electrode plate 4. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if a lead-antimony alloy is used for both the expanded lattices.

As the material of the monoblock battery case 16, a polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer was used.
The polypropylene resin alone can be used. Further, in order to allow the electrolyte surface to be seen through from the outside of the battery case, the thickness of the battery case side wall 24 is preferably 3.5 mm or less, and the strength of the battery case material and the improvement of weather resistance are included. When, for example, an oxide of titanium or the like is added for the purpose, the addition amount is preferably 0.06% by weight or less from the viewpoint of transparency.

Further, in this embodiment, the case of a lead-acid battery for automobiles having a large amount of free electrolyte has been described. However, even in the case of a sealed lead-acid battery having almost no free electrolyte, a short life can be obtained. The effect of suppressing the formation is obtained.

[0039]

The present invention is embodied in the form as described above, and it is possible to suppress the shortening of the service life that occurs when a lead storage battery is used in a high-temperature atmosphere, and to see through the inside from a battery case. Thus, the visibility of the electrolyte surface can be kept good, and the effect of keeping the appearance of the battery itself good by unifying the color tone of the electrode group seen through the battery case is exhibited. The value is enormous.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a cell of a lead storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of another cell of the lead storage battery in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cutaway side view of a main part of an automotive lead-acid battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cutaway side view of a main part of an automotive lead-acid battery in a comparative example.

FIG. 5 is a cutaway side view of a main part of an automotive lead-acid battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cutaway side view of a main part of an automotive lead-acid battery according to another comparative example.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a life test of a lead storage battery for a vehicle in Examples and Comparative Examples.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bag-shaped separator 2 Positive electrode plate 3 Bagged positive electrode plate 4 Negative electrode plate 7,10 cells 11 Bagged negative electrode plate 16 Monoblock battery case 17 Partition wall 18,19,20,21,22,23 Cell room (single battery case) 24 Battery case side wall

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kazuyoshi Yonezu 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A cell in which the same number of positive plates and negative plates are alternately juxtaposed via separators in a single battery compartment divided into a plurality of compartments by partitions parallel to the side walls of the battery case, and are located at both ends. A cell stored in a single battery container is a lead-acid battery in which a negative electrode plate faces a battery container side wall and a positive electrode plate faces a partition wall. 2. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the separator is formed in a bag shape and either one of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is housed in the bag. 3. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery cell accommodated therein forms a battery case with a transparent material.