JPH11116318A - Slope-protection composition and slope-protection work - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slope-protection composition and protection work effective for protecting a slope protected with concrete or rock face chipped to expose the rock mass and enabling the growth of plant on the slope. SOLUTION: This slope-protection composition is produced by compounding <1.5 pts.wt. of chemical gypsum, 0.5-2.0 pts.wt. of blast furnace slag cement, <=0.2 pt.wt. of normal Portland cement, 1.2-3.0 pts.wt. of mineral fiber, 0.2-1.0 pt.wt. of natural fiber and 3-12 pts.wt. of water. The composition is preferably further compounded with seeds and fertilizer. Plants can be grown on a slope by covering the slope with the composition.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for protecting slopes, and more particularly to means for growing plants on slopes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When constructing roads and railways, the ground is scraped off to form slopes such as slopes. If the slope thus formed is left unattended, it is eroded by the weather and collapses, so that a composition such as concrete is usually sprayed onto the slope to protect it. On the other hand, a slope that is exposed by excavating the ground such as bedrock, or that is protected by concrete or the like, may not grow plants and damage the surrounding landscape. For this reason, various attempts have been made to grow plants on slopes.

Here, the following methods 1 to 6 are known as conventional means for growing plants on slopes. 1. Mud blowing method This is a method of spraying a composition containing a mixture of soil, natural fibers such as peat moss, solidifying material such as glue, seeds and fertilizer. With this method, the roots of the ground are buried after germination, so that the sprayed mud and the ground can be integrated. In addition, it is close to nature because it is mainly composed of soil. 2. Net method This method is to cover the slope with a plastic net attached with seeds and fertilizer, temporarily fix the net with a bamboo skewer, etc., and apply some soil on top of it. This method can also be integrated since the root is set on the substrate after germination. 3. Mat method This method covers the slope with straw and non-woven mat with seeds and fertilizer attached. This is a method similar to the above-described net construction method 2. 4. Concrete block frame method The concrete block frame is assembled diagonally on the slope,
This is a method of growing plants by putting soil in blocks. 5. Void concrete method This is a method to improve the water permeability by mixing foam aggregate or adding a foaming agent into the concrete covering the slope to create many voids in the concrete itself. Plants are grown in pots in the voids in the concrete. 6. Weak alkali or weak acid concrete method This is a method in which the concrete surface covering the slope is treated with chemicals, or the concrete surface is coated with a weak alkali or weak acid substance to make the condition suitable for plant growth.

[0004]

However, these conventional methods have the following problems. In the case of the above-mentioned mud-blowing method 1, when the foundation is rock or concrete, the adhesive strength is insufficient, and there is a fear of collapse. It is also vulnerable to rain.
The germination rate of the net method 2 and the mat method 3 is inferior to that of the mud blowing method 1. These methods are also unsuitable when the ground is rock or concrete. In the concrete block framing method of 4 above, it is necessary to finish the groundwork to a flat surface depending on the shape of the concrete block. Also, due to the heavy weight of the block, it is necessary to firmly fix the block to the ground to prevent it from falling. 5 above. In the void concrete method, since the material is concrete, alkalinity is high, and plants do not grow in places other than pots. In addition, plants are depleted unless water is sprayed frequently because of good ventilation. In the weak alkaline or weakly acidic concrete method 6 described above, the growing plants are limited to moss because roots are difficult to grow. With this method, only moss is peeled off the concrete, and it cannot be expected to grow plants.

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition and a method for protecting a slope capable of breeding plants while well protecting a slope protected by concrete and a rock surface which has been shaved and exposed to rock. It is in.

[0006]

To achieve this object, according to the invention of claim 1, less than 1.5 parts by weight of chemical gypsum, 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight of blast furnace slag cement,
0.2% by weight or less of ordinary Portland cement, 1.2
The present invention provides a composition for protecting a slope, comprising -3.0 parts by weight of mineral fibers, 0.2-1.0 parts by weight of natural fibers, and 3-12 parts by weight of water. In the composition for protecting a slope according to claim 1, as described in claim 2,
Further, it is preferable to contain 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of methylcellulose based on the total weight of the blast furnace slag cement and the ordinary Portland cement. Further, as described in claim 2, it is preferable to further mix seeds and fertilizer.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, less than 1.5 parts by weight of chemical gypsum, 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight of blast furnace slag cement, 0.2 parts by weight or less of ordinary Portland cement, 2 to 3.0 parts by weight of mineral fiber, 0.2 to 1.
A slope protection method is provided, wherein the slope is covered with a composition comprising 0 parts by weight of natural fiber and 3 to 12 parts by weight of water. In the slope protection method according to claim 4,
Further, as described in claim 5, the total weight of blast furnace slag cement and ordinary Portland cement is 0.5%.
It is preferred to cover the slope with a composition comprising ~ 1.5% by weight methylcellulose. Further, as described in claim 6, it is preferable to cover the slope with a composition further mixed with seeds and fertilizer.

In the slope protection compositions according to claims 1 to 3 and the slope protection method according to claims 4 to 6, inorganic fiber materials such as rock wool, glass wool and carbon fiber are used as the mineral fibers. You. In this case, it is preferable that the mineral fibers are formed into pill-like grains (such as granular rock wool) having an outer diameter of about 1 to 10 mm. In addition, materials such as peat moss, water moss, and wood chips are used as the natural fibers. Further, as the fertilizer, for example, it is preferable to use potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen isosteric fertilizers. And, as described in the second and fifth aspects, by including a predetermined amount of methylcellulose with respect to the cement, the fluidity of the composition is improved, the composition is easily pumped, and the workability is improved.

It is preferable that the amount of fertilizer mixed is 50 to 200 g per 1 m ^{2 of} the slope area. Further, as described in claim 8, the slope can be covered by spraying the composition.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, less than 1.5 parts by weight of chemical gypsum, 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight of blast furnace slag cement, 0.2 parts by weight or less of ordinary Portland cement,
1.2 to 3.0 parts by weight of mineral fiber, 0.2 to 1.0 part by weight of natural fiber, 3 to 12 parts by weight of water, preferably further mixed with blast furnace slag cement and ordinary Portland semester 0.5 to 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the
Methylcellulose, and seeds and fertilizer. Then, the composition formed by mixing and forming a paste is sprayed on, for example, a slope such as a slope to cover and protect the slope with the composition. When the composition is pumped by a pump, by including a predetermined amount of methylcellulose with respect to the cement, the fluidity of the composition is improved, the composition is easily pumped, and the workability is improved. When the slope is covered with the composition, the composition may be directly attached to the slope formed by shaving the ground, or the composition may be further attached to the slope already covered with concrete.

The commonly used ordinary concrete is usually a strong alkali having a pH of 12 to 13, and even a low alkali concrete has a pH of 10 to 11, and these cannot grow plants. In the composition of the present invention, a composition having a pH of 9.5 or less, at which plants can be grown, can be obtained by mixing acidic gypsum, peat moss, low-alkali blast furnace slag cement, and the like.

On the other hand, it is a near contradictory requirement to cover the slope with sufficient strength and to have a strength capable of germinating seeds. It is desirable to be as strong as possible to protect the slope, and as weak as possible to germinate. For example, in order to protect a 45-degree slope with concrete having a thickness of 10 cm, the compressive strength of the concrete may be 0.20 kgf / cm ² or more. On the other hand, for germination, a compressive strength of 5 kgf / cm ² or less is desired. Since the composition of the present invention contains a large amount of natural fibers and artificial fibers, and contains an appropriate amount of gypsum and blast furnace slag cement, which can be considered as a solidifying material, the composition has a compressive strength of 0.20 to 0.20.
5 kgf / cm ² (day 28 strength)
Both of these requirements have been resolved.

[0013] In addition, soil growth (Vol.
Ratio) is required to be 45% or more. Under certain conditions, the formulations of the present invention have been shown to retain the same level of performance as soil in the water retention function required for plant development for 14 days (2 weeks). In Japan, rain usually occurs about once every two weeks, so if the water content during that period can be maintained at 45%, it can be determined that the plant is suitable for growing plants. It is considered that the reason why the water content of the composition of the present invention is 45% or more is that the material fibers and the natural fibers in the holding composition function as a water retention material. In the case of a substance that does not have a capillary phenomenon, such as void concrete, the inside of the concrete is accelerated to dry, and the water retention performance is extremely reduced.

Furthermore, a void is necessary for the roots of the plant to be stretched. The compositions of the present invention can have the necessary voids for plant rooting.

[0015]

EXAMPLE First, the seeds of western turf were mixed into a well-mixed composition mixed at the weight ratio shown in Table 1 and transferred to a nursery box, and the uniaxial compressive strength, water content, and pH value were examined. . The results are shown in Table 2, FIGS. Table 2 shows changes in the uniaxial compressive strength (kgf / cm ² ) with the passage of time. FIG. 3 shows the number of germinations over time. FIGS. 1 to 3 also show a comparative example (formulation 3) using only horticultural soil.

[0016]

[Table 1]

[0017]

[Table 2]

Regarding the uniaxial compressive strength, none of Formulations 1 and 2 reached a strength that adversely affected the germination and growth of plants. It can be seen that the fluctuation of the water content ratio is relatively more calm in Formula 2 than in Formula 1 and that germination is larger. Formulation 3 was considered to have a low water content at the time of implantation, so that the absorption of water by the seeds was delayed and the germination was delayed. Formula 2 with more cement than Formula 1 has a higher alkalinity, but as for germination, Formula 2 has a higher pH.
Differences in value have little effect on germination. Overall, Formulation 2 was more suitable for growing plants.

Next, the relationship between the growth of the plant and the amount of the fertilizer was examined using an equal-potassium fertilizer of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, which particularly affects the growth of the plant. In addition, two methods, one in which fertilizer was sprayed on the surface of the composition and the other in which it was mixed in the composition, were compared. First, at the rate shown in Table 3, water
Gypsum, blast furnace slag, cement, granular asbestos, peat moss were mixed and mixed well. Thereafter, the composition containing the seeds of western turf was transferred to a nursery box, and fertilizer was sprayed from above. On the other hand, the seedlings of Western turf and fertilizer mixed in the composition were transferred to another nursery box. The germination number and growth rate of each were observed, and the appropriate amount of fertilizer and supply method were examined. FIG. 4 shows the number of germinations over time. FIG. 5 shows the growth rate over time.

[0020]

[Table 3]

The amount of fertilizer mixed per m ^{3 of the} composition was N
o1 is 50 g, No2 is 100 g, No3 is 150 g,
No. 4 corresponds to 200 g. Looking at the germination rate in Fig. 4,
Better results were obtained with fertilizer. Incidentally, amount of mixed fertilizers may in the range of 50~200g per 1 m ^2, 1 m ² per 100g~150g is considered to be the most appropriate amount. Looking at the growth rate in FIG. 5, better results were obtained when the fertilizer was mixed. The amount of fertilizer is 1
About 150 g per m ² seems to be a more appropriate amount.
The effect of fertilizer on growth is only 20
About a day has passed. Therefore, it can be said that mixing the fertilizer into the composition at about 150 g / m ² is the most efficient fertilizer supply method.

Further, the spray thickness was examined. The change in the water content during the construction was examined over time by changing the thickness of the composition. 1.0 part by weight of chemical gypsum, 1.0 part by weight of blast furnace slag cement, 0.05 part by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 2.0 parts by weight of mineral fiber (granular rock wool),
0.4 parts by weight of natural fiber (peat moss) and 6.0 parts by weight of water are blended, and they are mixed well to make 5 cm, 7.
Driving was performed at a thickness of 5 cm, 10 cm, 12.5 cm, and 15 cm, respectively, and a sensor was installed inside. The change in the water content in the composition was measured with a sensor.

Immediately after the injection, the sensors of all the specimens showed a sharp decrease in the water content. This is believed to be due to the absorption of moisture by the concrete under the composition. Thereafter, the water content was reduced by evaporation from the surface, and about 15 days after the implantation, the composition surface side showed a lower moisture content than the lower part. In the case where the composition of the present invention is applied to a slope protected by concrete, it has been found that watering is preferably performed before driving. When the thickness of the composition was 12.5 cm, the water retention was the highest, and when the thickness was more than that, the water retention decreased rapidly.

[0024]

According to the present invention, it is possible to grow plants on the slope while effectively protecting the slope protected by concrete and the rock surface where the rock has been exposed and exposed to the ground without collapsing. For this reason, the slope which can be greened without harming the surrounding scenery can be formed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change with time of a uniaxial compressive strength.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a change over time in a water content ratio.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change over time in a pH value.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change over time in the number of germinations.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change over time in the growth rate.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C04B 14:46 18:24) 111: 00

Claims (8)

[Claims] Claims: 1. Chemical gypsum less than 1.5 parts by weight, from 0.5 to
2.0 parts by weight of blast furnace slag cement, 0.2 parts by weight or less of ordinary Portland cement, 1.2 to 3.0 parts by weight of mineral fiber, 0.2 to 1.0 part by weight of natural fiber, 3 to 1
A composition for protecting a slope, comprising 2 parts by weight of water. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of methylcellulose based on the total weight of the blast furnace slag cement and the ordinary Portland cement.
For protecting slopes. 3. The slope protecting composition according to claim 1, further comprising a mixture of seed and fertilizer. 4. Less than 1.5 parts by weight of chemical gypsum, from 0.5 to
2.0 parts by weight of blast furnace slag cement, 0.2 parts by weight or less of ordinary Portland cement, 1.2 to 3.0 parts by weight of mineral fiber, 0.2 to 1.0 part by weight of natural fiber, 3 to 1
A slope protection method comprising covering the slope with a composition comprising 2 parts by weight of water. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the slope is further covered with a composition containing 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of methylcellulose based on the total weight of the blast furnace slag cement and the ordinary Portland cement. Slope protection method. 6. The slope protection method according to claim 4, wherein the slope is covered with a composition containing a mixture of seeds and fertilizer. 7. The slope protection method according to claim 6, wherein the amount of fertilizer mixed per 1 m ^{2 of the} slope area is 50 to 200 g. 8. The slope protection method according to claim 4, wherein the composition is sprayed on the slope.