JPH1098949A - Diversified cultivation system for mushroom and protected horticulture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a commercially utilizable system practicable by eliminating an adverse effect to an earth environment by carbon dioxide. SOLUTION: This system is provided with a carbon dioxide supply part 6 for communication-connecting a mushroom cultivation chamber 3 and a plant cultivation chamber 5a by a first duct 7a provided with a blower 8 for sending air from the mushroom cultivation chamber 3 to the plant cultivation chamber 5a and a first switching valve 9a connected to the first duct 7a, an oxygen supply part 10 for communication-connecting the mushroom cultivation chamber 3 and the plant cultivation chamber 5a by a second duct 11a provided with the blower 12a for sending the air from the plant cultivation chamber 5a to the mushroom cultivation chamber 3 and a second switching valve 13a connected to the second duct 11a and a control part 16 for controlling the carbon dioxide concentration of the mushroom cultivation chamber 3 or the like by detecting the carbon dioxide concentration of the mushroom cultivation chamber 3 or the like by a carbon dioxide consentration sensor 14c and switching the first switching valve 9a and the second switching valve 13a.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combined cultivation system for mushrooms and institutional horticulture, which performs cultivation utilizing symbiosis of mushrooms and plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, coexistence of a mushroom and a plant is desirable for mutually compensating the respiratory action of the mushroom and the carbonic acid assimilation action of the plant, and creating a favorable cultivation environment for both. For example, the carbon dioxide concentration in a plant cultivation environment is usually about several hundred ppm, but by coexisting with mushrooms, the carbon dioxide concentration can be increased to about 10,000 ppm, and as a result, the photosynthetic action of the plant is accelerated. be able to.

[0003] For this reason, attempts have been made to cultivate mushrooms and plants in harmony with each other, but it has been put into practical use as a commercially effective cultivation system in consideration of the adverse effects of carbon dioxide on the global environment. Therefore, a composite cultivation system for mushrooms and greenhouse horticulture that solves these problems has been desired.

The present invention has responded to such a conventional demand, and eliminates the adverse effects of carbon dioxide on the global environment and makes it possible to use the mushrooms and greenhouse horticulture in a combined cultivation system. The purpose is to provide.

[0005]

Means and Embodiments for Solving the Problems A combined cultivation system 1 according to the present invention comprises a mushroom cultivation facility 2 having a mushroom cultivation room 3 for cultivating mushrooms M, and a plant Pa such as a vegetable due to facility horticulture. Cultivation room 5 for cultivating, Pb ...
The horticultural facility 4 having the a and 5b, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b are connected to each other by first ducts 7a and 7b, and the mushroom cultivation room 3 is connected to the plant cultivation room 5a through the first ducts 7a and 7b. , 5b, a carbon dioxide supply unit 6 having at least first switching valves 9a, 9b for opening and closing the first ducts 7a, 7b, a mushroom cultivation room 3 and plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b. Two duct 11
a, 11b and the second duct 11a,
11b, the second blowers 12a, 12b for blowing the mushroom cultivation room 3 from the plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b and the second switching valve 1 for opening and closing at least the second ducts 11a, 11b.
Oxygen supply unit 10 having 3a, 13b, carbon dioxide concentration in mushroom cultivation room 3 and / or plant cultivation room 5a, 5b is detected by carbon dioxide concentration sensors 14c, 14a, 14b, and first switching valves 9a, 9b. And the second switching valve 13a,
The control unit 16 controls the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 and / or the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b by switching 13b.

In this case, according to a preferred embodiment, the control section 16 switches the first switching valves 9a and 9b to transfer the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation chamber 3 to the plurality of plant cultivation chambers 5a and 5b. Simultaneously or selectively, a function of supplying oxygen can be provided, and by switching the second switching valves 13a, 13b, a function of supplying oxygen from the plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3 or discharging the oxygen to the atmosphere can be provided. desirable. Further, by switching the first switching valves 9a and 9b to the control unit 16, the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is intermittently supplied to the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, and the second switching valves 13a and 13b are switched. By switching between
A function of intermittently supplying oxygen from the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3 can be provided.

With the combined cultivation system 1, mushrooms M are cultivated in the mushroom cultivation room 3, and plants Pa and Pb such as vegetables are cultivated in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b. Accordingly, a large amount of carbon dioxide and respiratory heat are generated from the mushroom M (cultured mycelium) in the mushroom cultivation room 3 by respiration, and oxygen is generated from the plants Pa and Pb in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b by carbonic acid assimilation. Occur. Therefore, for example, the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 14c, and when the detected carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the set value, the first blower 8 is operated and the first switching valve is operated. By switching 9a, the carbon dioxide and respiratory heat of the mushroom cultivation room 3 are supplied to the plant cultivation room 5a via the first duct 7a, and further, the second blower 12a is operated and the second switching valve 13a is switched. Thereby, if oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5a is supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3 via the second duct 11a, the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 can be used for the growth of the plant Pa without being discharged to the atmosphere. Further, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the plant cultivation room 5a is detected, and when the concentration reaches a preset concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration can be supplied to another plant cultivation room 5b. In this case, by switching the first switching valve 9b, the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is supplied to the plant cultivation room 5b through the first duct 7b, and further, the second blower 12b is operated and the second switching is performed. Valve 13b
The oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5b is supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through the second duct 11b or is discharged to the atmosphere by switching the state. By simultaneously or selectively supplying carbon dioxide to a plurality of plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, carbon dioxide and respiratory heat that cannot be used in one plant cultivation room 5a are released to the atmosphere. All available. On the other hand, carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3
a, 5b, or by intermittently supplying oxygen from the plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3, so that the mushrooms M ... or the plants Pa ..., Pb ...
Can stimulate growth.

[0008]

Next, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the combined cultivation system 1 according to the present embodiment.
Will be described with reference to FIG.

[0010] In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes the principle overall configuration of the combined cultivation system. 2 is a mushroom cultivation facility, and mushroom M
… With a mushroom cultivation room 3. Mushroom cultivation room 3
Are set such as temperature, humidity, illuminance and the like necessary for the cultivation environment of mushroom M. The mushroom cultivation room 3 includes a mycelium culture room, a sprouting room, a growth room, and the like, and a hypha culture room is particularly desirable.

Numeral 4 is a horticulture facility, which has a plant cultivation room 5a for cultivating plants Pa such as vegetables by facility horticulture and a plant cultivation room 5b for cultivating other different plants Pb. When coexisting with mushrooms M, the plants Pa are given priority. Each of the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b can basically use a greenhouse, and the temperature, humidity, and the like necessary for the cultivation environment of the plants Pa ... and the plants Pb ... are set.

On the other hand, a mushroom cultivation room 3 and a plant cultivation room 5a,
A carbon dioxide supply unit 6 and an oxygen supply unit 10 are provided between 5b.

The carbon dioxide supply unit 6 has first ducts 7a and 7b for connecting the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, respectively. In this case, the first ducts 7a and 7
b joins the mushroom cultivation room 3 side, and the first blower 8 is attached to the joining point. The first blower 8 passes through the first ducts 7a and 7b from the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b.
b. Furthermore, the first duct 7
In the middle of a and 7b, open ports 7ao and 7b communicating with the atmosphere are provided.
The first switching valve 9a, 9b using a damper (three-way switching valve) is connected to this branch portion. Thereby, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5a can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room 5a can be communicated with the atmosphere, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5b can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room can be opened and closed. 5b can communicate with the atmosphere.

On the other hand, the oxygen supply unit 10 is provided in the mushroom cultivation room 3.
Duct 11 that connects and connects the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b
a and 11b. In addition, each second duct 11a, 11
b is provided with second blowers 12a and 12b, respectively.
The second blowers 12a and 12b are second ducts 11a and 11b.
Has the function of blowing air from the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through Furthermore, the second duct 11a,
In the middle of 11b, open ports 11ao, 11 communicating with the atmosphere are provided.
The bo is provided in a branched manner, and the second switching valves 13a and 13b using dampers (three-way switching valves) are connected to the branched portions. Thereby, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5a can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room 5a can be communicated with the atmosphere, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5b can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room can be opened and closed. 5b can communicate with the atmosphere.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a control unit, which is a carbon dioxide concentration sensor 14c, 14a, 14b and a temperature sensor 15c, 1 attached to the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b.
5a, 15b and the control unit main body 21. The control unit main body 21 determines the first switching valves 9a and 9b and the second switching valve 1 based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensors 14c and the room temperature detected by the temperature sensors 15c.
3a and 13b are switched, thereby having a function of controlling the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, and furthermore, the room temperature.

Next, the combined cultivation system 1 according to the present embodiment.
The function (operation) will be described with reference to FIGS.

First, in the mushroom cultivation room 3, mushrooms M such as enoki mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and hoshimeji are cultivated (hyphal culture), and in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, vegetables such as melons and tomatoes are planted. Pa and Pb are cultivated.
Thereby, in the mushroom cultivation room 3, a large amount of carbon dioxide and respiratory heat are generated by the respiration of the mushrooms M..., And in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, oxygen is generated by the carbonic acid assimilation of the plants Pa and Pb.

On the other hand, the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 14c, and the detection result is provided to the control unit main body 21. The optimum carbon dioxide concentration (set value) for the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b is set in the control unit main body 21 in advance. Therefore, when the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 exceeds the set value, the first blower 8 is operated and the first switching valve 9 is operated.
a, the carbon dioxide and respiratory heat of the mushroom cultivation room 3 are reduced by the first duct 7a as shown by the arrow Hc in FIG.
Is supplied to the plant cultivation room 5a via the. At the same time, the second blower 12a is operated and the second switching valve 13a
The oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5a is changed by switching
It is supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through the second duct 11a as shown by the middle arrow Ha. Thereby, the carbon dioxide and respiratory heat of the mushroom cultivation room 3 are not discharged to the atmosphere, and the plant P
are used for the growth of the mushrooms M, while the oxygen in the plant growing room 5a is used for the growth of the mushrooms M.

By the way, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the plant cultivation room 5a is detected, and when the concentration reaches a preset concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration and the respiratory heat can be supplied to another plant cultivation room 5b.
In this case, the supply of carbon dioxide from the mushroom cultivation room 3 to the plant cultivation room 5a is stopped by switching the first switching valve 9a, and the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is switched by switching the first switching valve 9b. The respiratory heat is supplied to the plant growing room 5b through the first duct 7b.
When the second blower 12b is operated, the second switching valve 1
By switching 3b, oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5b is supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3 via the second duct 11b. This state is shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). Note that in FIG.
The points are switching points. Thus, the plurality of plant growing rooms 5
By selectively supplying carbon dioxide and respiratory heat to a and 5b, carbon dioxide and respiratory heat that cannot be used in one plant growing room 5a can all be used in the system without releasing them to the atmosphere. In addition, the control part 6 can discharge | release oxygen of the plant cultivation room 5a, 5b to air | atmosphere as shown by the arrow Hb in FIG. 1 by switching the 2nd switching valve 13a, 13b as needed.

When carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is supplied to the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, the carbon dioxide may be supplied continuously or, as shown in FIG. The supplying operation may be repeated. Thereby, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b becomes as shown in FIG. 3B, and it is possible to stimulate the growth of the plants Pa..., Pb. Similarly, oxygen in the plant cultivation rooms 5 a and 5 b may be intermittently supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3.

Further, the temperature sensors 15c, 15a, 15
b, mushroom cultivation room 3 and / or plant cultivation room 5a,
5b, the ventilation may be performed by controlling each of the blowers 8, 12a,... And the switching valves 9a, 13a.

The embodiment has been described in detail above.
The present invention is not limited to such an embodiment.
For example, the carbon dioxide concentration sensor may be provided in one of the mushroom cultivation room and the plant cultivation room, particularly, only in the mushroom cultivation room. Therefore, the control of the carbon dioxide concentration may be performed only for the mushroom cultivation room. Other details,
The method, quantity (plant cultivation room, etc.), used parts (switching valve, etc.) can be arbitrarily changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0023]

As described above, the combined cultivation system for mushrooms and greenhouse horticulture according to the present invention connects the mushroom cultivation room and the plant cultivation room through the first duct, and sends air from the mushroom cultivation room to the plant cultivation room. A blower and a carbon dioxide supply unit having a first switching valve connected to the first duct, a mushroom cultivation room and a plant cultivation room connected by a second duct, and a blower for blowing air from the plant cultivation room to the mushroom cultivation room; An oxygen supply unit having a second switching valve connected to the two ducts, and a carbon dioxide concentration of a mushroom cultivation room or the like is detected by a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and the first switching valve and the second switching valve are switched, so that the mushroom cultivation room It has a control unit that controls the concentration of carbon dioxide, etc., so that it can eliminate the adverse effect of the carbon dioxide on the global environment and can be used commercially enough. An effect.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the basic configuration of a complex cultivation system according to the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a timing chart for explaining functions of the combined cultivation system,

FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining other functions of the combined cultivation system,

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combined cultivation system 2 Mushroom cultivation facility 3 Mushroom cultivation room 4 Horticulture facility 5a ... Plant cultivation room 6 Carbon dioxide supply part 7a ... First duct 8 First blower 9a ... First switching valve 10 Oxygen supply part 11a ... Second duct 12a ... second blower 13a ... second switching valve 14c ... carbon dioxide concentration sensor 15c ... temperature sensor 16 control unit M ... mushroom Pa ... plant

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A mushroom cultivation facility having a mushroom cultivation room for cultivating mushrooms, a horticultural facility having a plant cultivation room for cultivating plants such as vegetables by institutional horticulture, and the mushroom cultivation room and the plant cultivation room as first. A first blower that communicates with a duct and blows from the mushroom cultivation chamber to the plant cultivation chamber through the first duct, and a carbon dioxide supply unit having at least a first switching valve that opens and closes the first duct; and the mushroom A cultivation room and the plant cultivation room are connected by a second duct, and a second blower that blows the mushroom cultivation room from the plant cultivation room through the second duct and a second switching valve that opens and closes at least the second duct. An oxygen supply unit, a mushroom cultivation room and / or a carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation room is detected by a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and the first switching valve is provided. And a control unit for controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room and / or the plant cultivation room by switching a second switching valve, and a combined cultivation system for mushrooms and facility horticulture. 2. The control unit has a function of simultaneously or selectively supplying carbon dioxide from the mushroom cultivation room to a plurality of plant cultivation rooms by switching the first switching valve. The combined cultivation system for mushrooms and facility horticulture according to claim 1. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit has a function of supplying the oxygen of the plant growing room to the mushroom growing room or discharging the oxygen to the atmosphere by switching the second switching valve. Cultivation system of mushrooms and greenhouse horticulture. 4. The control unit has a function of intermittently supplying carbon dioxide from the mushroom growing room to the plant growing room by switching the first switching valve. The combined cultivation system of the described mushroom and greenhouse horticulture. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section has a function of intermittently supplying oxygen in the plant growing room to the mushroom growing room by switching the second switching valve. Cultivation system of mushrooms and greenhouse horticulture.