JPH10277539A - Water purifier and water purifying apparatus for emergency and method for washing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the back washing efficiency and shorten the back washing time by connecting a plurality of water purifiers in parallel, each of which is provided with a cartridge filled with activated carbon mixture having two of more peaks in particle size distribution curve in the front stage and a cartridge filled with hollow fiber membranes in the rear stage. SOLUTION: This water purifying apparatus comprises two water purifiers 8, 9 arranged in parallel, a raw water supply line 10, a filtered water taking out line 20, and a back washing water discharging line 29 and the respective water purifiers 8, 9 are filled with filtration materials 8a, 8a'; 9a, 9a', respectively. As the filtration materials 8a, 9a, activated carbon having two or more peaks in a particle size distribution (the ratio of the particle sizes at two peaks are from (1:8) to (1:2)] is used and as the materials 8a', 9a', a large number of hollow fiber membranes made of a translucent film are used. Three-way valves 21, 22 as line switching means to switch the raw water supply line 10 and the back washing water discharging line 29 are installed in the respective water purifiers 8, 9 and the respective water purifiers 8, 9 are so operated as to reciprocally carry out purifying process and back washing process.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water purifier, an emergency water purifier and a method for cleaning the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Separation membranes include hollow fiber membranes and ultrafiltration membranes, which have recently been used in water purifiers and the like. In a general water purifier, a fixed-bed type adsorption method in which activated carbon having substantially the same particle size is built in a cartridge is employed. This activated carbon contains residual chlorine and other harmful substances contained in raw water,
The thing which aims at water quality improvement by adsorbing the substance which causes an odor is spreading widely.

[0003] However, in such a water purifier using only activated carbon, if water is stopped and left for a long time, residual chlorine and the like are adsorbed to the activated carbon, and the sterilizing power due to the residual chlorine and the like is reduced.
Further, the organic substances adsorbed on the activated carbon form a eutrophic state, and general bacteria propagate. When water flow is resumed in such a state, a large amount of general bacteria is found from the water purification outlet. In order to prevent this, a device equipped with a hollow fiber membrane has been widely put to practical use.

However, in this type of water purifier, activated carbon not only adsorbs residual chlorine and the like, but also plays the role of sand filtration for capturing fine suspended substances in raw water, and the hollow fiber membrane has a finer hollow fiber membrane. Depending on the quality of raw water, the amount of filtered water may be reduced in a short period of time due to clogging and removal of suspended substances and general bacteria. In addition, when fine suspended substances or the like are trapped in the activated carbon or the hollow fiber membrane, they need to be replaced, and there is a problem that the replacement operation is troublesome and more convenient.

Therefore, in such a water purifier, in order to extend the life of the activated carbon and the hollow fiber membrane, generally, clear water flows from the water purification outlet of the hollow fiber membrane in a direction opposite to the water flow direction, that is, is caused to flow backward. A so-called backwashing is performed to remove activated carbon and fine suspended substances adhering to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane.

As a specific example, every time the filtration step is performed for a certain period of time, for example, filtered water is supplied to the water purifier from the filtered water outlet side as backwashing water, and the inside of the water purifier is reversed. In addition, a method has been developed in which the backwash water flowing out is discharged from a raw water supply line to remove the deposits on the filter medium. As a general backwash method, there is a method in which raw water is directly supplied to activated carbon or a hollow fiber membrane, a method in which filtered water is temporarily stored in a water storage tank, and water is supplied as backwash water with compressed air or pressurized gas. Proposed. In any case, a method has been proposed in which backwash water is caused to flow through to remove deposits on a filter medium incorporated in the water purifier.

[0007]

However, the backwashing method as described above has various problems to be solved.
A water purifier having good filtration water quality and a long life has been developed by balancing the increase in filtration pressure and the adsorption capacity. One specific method is to increase the particle size of the activated carbon and the fine pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane as a means for avoiding an increase in filtration pressure. In addition, to increase the adsorption capacity, the method of increasing the activated carbon packing density in the cartridge,
A method of increasing the effective adsorption area, that is, increasing the specific surface area is used. In other words, since the solute adsorption rate is proportional to the contact surface area of the activated carbon and inversely proportional to the square of the particle size, powder or fine particles are used, and the adsorption capacity is improved by increasing the adsorption area per unit volume. I do. However, the finer the material, the higher the resistance to passing through the raw water and the faster clogging occurs.If the packing density is simply increased, the resistance to passing through the raw water increases and the floating / stirring effect during backwashing decreases. However, there is a problem that the backwash effect is reduced by half.

[0008] As a method of supplying backwash water to the water purifier, compressed water or pressurized gas is used to supply backwash water. Clear wash water prepared separately or filtered water stored in a water storage tank or the like is compressed by a compressor or the like. It is necessary to pressurize the washing water in the water storage tank by the air supply means. In addition, when the washing water is supplied by the pressurizing pump, a washing water supply device such as a pressurizing pump and a water storage tank is required. In any case, the entire water purification system becomes large, heavy, and complicated. However, there is a disadvantage that the production cost is increased, and in particular, in the case of an emergency water purifier or the like, there is often no room for installing the above facilities, or an appropriate backwash water pressure cannot be obtained.

[0009] If the backwash water flow rate is low and the backwash water pressure is not sufficient, the activated carbon layer compacted due to the filtration resistance of the raw water does not float and clogged suspended solids are not removed. Conversely, if the flow rate of the backwash water is too high, the entire activated carbon layer is lifted upward, and similarly, there is a problem that the clogged suspended matter cannot be removed.

In addition, there is also a problem that fine suspended substances and the like adhering to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane to be backwashed flow together with the washing water into the activated carbon to be backwashed, thereby causing reverse contamination. As described above, in the conventional method of backwashing the backwash water by flowing through the inside of the water purifier only once for a certain period of time, even if the backwash time is extended or the backwash water amount is increased, the washing effect naturally has a certain limit. there were.

[0011]

In order to solve such problems, optimization of the particle size of the activated carbon and the fine pore size of the hollow fiber membrane has been studied. Further, a cleaning method for improving the backwashing effect, reducing the time required for backwashing and the amount of backwash water, and increasing the operation rate has been studied. In order to solve the problem of the cleaning method, the present invention basically has the following configuration. That is, "a cartridge in which the active carbon having a particle size distribution having two or more peaks is mixed and filled at the front stage, and a plurality of cartridges each having a built-in hollow fiber membrane at the rear stage and a pair of connectors connected in parallel. A water purifier characterized in that a flow path closing portion is detachably mounted in a connector having a fluid inlet / outlet at both ends so as to divide a connecting portion with a cartridge of the different type. " Or, the cleaning method.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The activated carbon particle size is preferably made finer from the viewpoint of the function of adsorption and filtration, but results in contradictory results from the viewpoint of filtration resistance and clogging of raw water. Therefore, it is important to reduce the filtration loss while suppressing the decrease in the adsorption capacity as much as possible. Therefore, at the time of filtration / adsorption operation by the water purifier according to claim 1, the fine-grained activated carbon in the upper layer plays a role of sand filtration which mainly captures fine suspended substances in raw water, The fine-grained activated carbon in the lower layer mainly adsorbs the dissolved components in the raw water, so that a synergistic effect utilizing each characteristic can be expected while suppressing an increase in the filtration pressure of the raw water. That is, at the time of backwashing, as the first step, the fine-grained activated carbon in the upper layer, where consolidation is remarkable, in other words, the passage resistance is large, is pushed up first by the backwash water, and floats and stirs in the upper space in the activated carbon cartridge. Then, the suspended matter trapped by the loosening is removed and discharged out of the system. Next, fine-grained activated carbon having a large apparent specific gravity is similarly floated, stirred and loosened. Repeated pulsation is effective not only for raising and lowering the compacted activated carbon layer as it is, but also for breaking lumps and performing convection stirring. When the backwashing operation is stopped, the fine-grained activated carbon with a large apparent specific gravity first settles, and the fine-grained activated carbon settles on top of it, so that the particle size distribution of the activated carbon in the cartridge is always disturbed. In addition, it is possible to repeat the filtration / adsorption operation.

In the present invention, the physical form of activated carbon includes powder, crushed (granular), granulated (formed), etc., but crushed (granular) is preferable. Yashigara, sawdust pine charcoal, charcoal, etc.), coal quality (peat, lignite, anthracite, tar, etc.), petroleum quality (oil residue, oil carbon, etc.) and others (pulp waste liquid, synthetic resin waste, etc.) are used. However, there is no particular limitation.

The activated carbon having a particle size distribution having two or more peaks in the present invention is defined as a graph of the particle size distribution expressed by weight for the activated carbon filled in the cartridge. Is recognized. As a specific method for adjusting such activated carbon, mixing of two or more activated carbons having different average particle sizes can be exemplified. Preferably, the ratio of the particle sizes of the two peaks is from 1: 8 to 1: 2. More preferably, the ratio is about 1: 4 to 1: 2. Further, the number of particles having different particle diameter ratios is preferably about 2 to 4 types. About two or three types are more preferable.
This is because those ranges are more excellent in ease of handling and cleaning effect. Further, in order to more suitably exhibit such an effect, the weight ratio of the activated carbon having a small particle diameter to the activated carbon having a large particle diameter is preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 5, and more preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 2. More preferably, there is. When there are three or more peaks in the particle size distribution of the activated carbon, the ratio between the highest peak and the second highest peak is calculated. If a specific example having three peaks is given, a range in which the activated carbon of 80 to 120, 48 to 72, or 16 to 24 mesh has a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 2: 1 to 5 is preferable.

The activated carbon has a packing density of 0.4.
~ 0.6 (g / ml), average particle size is 0.6-1.5 (mm), uniformity coefficient is
1.5 ~ 2.0, pore volume 0.6 ~ 1.0 (ml / g), specific surface area 8
It is preferably from 100 to 1000 (m ² / g). This is because it has good adsorption performance, is inexpensive, and has excellent mechanical strength and wear resistance.

The volume of the cartridge is approximately preferably 0.2 to 0.3 liter, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5 liter, and the number is preferably 4 to 10, more preferably 6 to 8. In addition, physical strength and chemical durability,
In addition, polycarbonate resins and acrylic resins having excellent harmlessness are preferred.

In the water purifier according to the first aspect, the hollow fiber membrane is backwashed using filtered water as backwash water, and activated carbon is also backwashed. Since the function of activated carbon is developed by adsorption, conventionally, when the adsorption performance of activated carbon has deteriorated, it has been discarded or replaced. In addition, it has been considered that the decrease in the water permeability is mainly due to clogging of the hollow fiber membrane. However, the present inventors have studied in detail, this type of water purifier,
It became clear that the phenomenon of the amount of filtered water due to the compaction of activated carbon was severe. Activated carbon also adsorbs residual chlorine, etc.
It was also found that sand filtration, which captures fine suspended matter in raw water, also played a role depending on the quality of the raw water, causing the amount of filtered water to decrease in a short period of time. Therefore, a method was devised in which activated carbon was simultaneously backwashed with washing water obtained by backwashing the hollow fiber membrane.

In a more preferred embodiment, the washing water obtained by backwashing the hollow fiber membrane, that is, the washing water containing the suspended substance on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane is not used for backwashing the activated carbon as it is, but the washing water is used. Immediately after the start of backwashing, after temporarily discharging the water outside the water purifier system, the backwashing of activated carbon improved the backwashing effect more than expected.

In the present invention, it is important that at least two or more types of activated carbon having different particle diameter ratios are filled and backwashed pulsatively. In the cleaning method of the present invention, in the cleaning method of the present invention, the hollow fiber membrane is pulsated and shaken, and at least two or more types of activated carbon having different particle diameter ratios are gradually moved up and down, and the convection / stirring effect is obtained. Doubling the cleaning effect.

The activation method includes, but is not limited to, a method such as (a gas, a chemical, or a combination of a gas and a chemical).

There are two flow directions of the raw water: a downward flow and an upward flow. In the present invention, as described above, the activated carbon is moved up and down in a stepwise manner and a convection / stirring effect is provided during backwashing. The downward flow is also preferred. The term “pulsatile backwashing” is not particularly limited, but means that backwashing is repeated a plurality of times in small increments. That is, a series of pulsating backwashing in which one cycle composed of a unit backwash, which is typically a non-pulsating backwashing step, and an interval between the unit backwashes that is not backwashed, is repeated a plurality of times. It is. Preferably, the one cycle is 1 to 120 seconds in length and 2 to 10 times.
Repeat several times. The length of one cycle is more preferably 2 to 80 seconds, even more preferably 4 to 6 seconds.
0 seconds, and the number of cycles is preferably 2 to 8
Times, more preferably 3 to 5 times.
If the number of repetitions of the cycle is too small, a sufficient cleaning effect cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, it is not economical. The total length of a series of pulsating backwash is preferably 2 to 1200 seconds, and 10
-600 seconds is more preferable, and 30-360 seconds is still more preferable.

The ratio between the unit backwash and the interval in one cycle is not particularly limited, but is approximately 1: 3 to 3: 1.
And 1: 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of easy operation. In the interval between the unit backwashing, the backwashing may be completely stopped, or the backflow may be performed at a low output of 10% or less of the pressure at the time of the backwashing. The unit backwash does not need to be the same length and pressure, and the same applies to the interval between unit backwashes. The pressure change between the unit backwash and the interval may be linear or curved, and is not particularly limited. In any curvilinear case, the unit backwash or interval length can be replaced by half width.

In order to suitably realize such a washing method, there is no particular limitation, but a water purification system in which two or more water purifiers are connected in parallel to a raw water supply line and a filtered water extraction line. In (2), the raw water supply side of the water purifier is connected in parallel to the backwash water discharge line (it may be separate), and both the raw water line and the backwash water discharge line are connected to each water purifier. A line switching means is provided, and a line closing means is provided in the filtered water take-out line. At the time of backwashing, at least one water purifier is switched to a backwash water discharge line by the line switching means. The water take-out line is closed by the closing means to form a backwash water supply line, and the filtered water obtained by passing through another water purifier is used as backwash water, and the water is passed through the backwash water supply line. It is supplied to at least one of the water purifier filtration water outlet side of the can be discharged from the backwash water discharge line.

If a sufficient pressure and amount of water can be obtained by adjusting the number of cartridges for supplying the filtered water, the backwashing is performed while adjusting the line closing means to supply the filtered water to a certain extent. For example, it is possible to simultaneously perform filtration while performing backwashing, but this can be efficiently realized while maintaining simple operability by another preferred embodiment of the present invention described below.

In other words, in another preferred embodiment for realizing the present invention, at least three or more water purifiers are connected in parallel and provided on each fluid outlet side.
The line switching means for closing the filtered water delivery line can be realized by connecting a separate flow path independent of the filtered water delivery line in parallel and switching to the separate flow path. In other words, at the time of backwashing, the filtered water delivery lines of at least two water purifiers are closed, these are connected by the separate flow path, and at least one of the water purifiers is connected to the raw water supply line, and the other at least is connected. When one water purifier closes the raw water supply line, the former becomes a backwash water supply water purifier, the latter becomes a backwashed water purifier, and the other water purifiers that do not close the filtered water delivery line supply filtered water. it can. In other words, the filtration can be performed simultaneously with the back washing, which is very efficient.

In particular, in the case of the water purifier according to the first aspect of the present invention, an outlet for washing water is provided at the boundary between the different kinds of filtration material cartridges in the connector different from the connector provided with the inlet / outlet for fluid at both ends. By temporarily discharging the washing water of the hollow fiber membrane cartridge to be backwashed first outside the system,
It is possible to prevent the back contamination caused by the fine suspended substances removed from the hollow fiber membrane cartridge flowing into the activated carbon to be backwashed next. The time for temporarily discharging the washing water to the outside of the system is set in the same manner as the setting of the filtration operation time until the backwashing and the time for the backwashing, and the quality of the raw water, the amount of the filtered water per filtration area, and It is determined based on the amount of backwash water used for washing.

In consideration of the above, the number of the water purifiers is 2-3.
Is preferable, and 2 to 6 are more preferable. In addition, in the first stage, a plurality of types of activated carbon having different particle diameters are mixed and filled, and in the second stage, a plurality of cartridges each having a built-in hollow fiber membrane are connected in parallel. In the provided connector, it is preferable that a channel closing portion is removably mounted so as to divide a connecting portion with the cartridge of the different type. Further, in the same water purifier as above, it is preferable that the other connector is provided with a washing water discharge port at a boundary portion with a different kind of filter medium cartridge.

That is, a plurality of cylindrical cartridges each containing a mixture of a plurality of types of activated carbon having different particle diameters and incorporating a hollow fiber membrane are provided as a pair of cartridges having a flow path communicating between the cartridges. A connector for closing the flow path between the cartridges is detachably attached to one of the connectors, and the cartridge includes,
The connector provided with the flow path closing member is a water purifier provided with an inlet and an outlet for the fluid to be filtered at one end and the other end.

According to the above-described structure, different types of filtration materials can be formed by the flow path of the connector closed by the flow path closing member, even though the plurality of cartridges are connected in parallel by the pair of connectors. The filled cartridge or cartridges are connected directly. When changing the filling ratio of the filtering material and the type of the filtering material in the water purifier, cartridges or cartridge groups filled with the necessary filtering material are sequentially arranged in parallel, connected with the connector, and connected to the connector. A flow path closing member is mounted at a predetermined position on the road. Further, in the same water purifier as described above, a washing water outlet is provided in the other connector at a boundary portion with the different type of filter material cartridge (see FIGS. 7 and 8).

The emergency water purifier using the water purifier according to claim 1 is a means for pumping raw water and increasing the pressure of the raw water to a high pressure. And means using the engine as a power source are arranged in parallel on the same frame. Further, it is preferable that the filtering material has a plurality of water purifiers made of activated carbon and a hollow fiber membrane, and if necessary, has a pretreatment means, a sterilization means, etc., and is preferably an integrally formed shape. .

Hereinafter, the emergency water purifier will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a device relating to the emergency water purifier.

The power source of the emergency water purifier is human power or
The provision of the pump 1, which is an engine, which can be driven manually, and the pump 2, which uses the engine 3 as a driving source, enable flexible response to a disaster emergency. Preferably, both means are arranged in parallel. This is because, in the serial arrangement, the means that is not used causes extra resistance and lowers energy efficiency. In addition, it is preferable that both means are provided with a check valve mechanism, respectively, so that backflow can be prevented without interposing a switching valve between the two means, so that the mechanism is simple and switching work is not required.

The means for pumping the raw water and raising the pressure to a high pressure which can be driven manually by the emergency water purifier is not particularly limited. Here, the means which can be driven manually means that the hand or foot of a human is driven by a driving source. And preferably a reciprocating mechanism, but if necessary, a handle-type mechanism may be used. Further, it is preferable that the load does not cause fatigue in a short time. In particular, a foot-operated type is preferable because it causes less fatigue. It is also preferable to provide a spring mechanism that returns when the reciprocating motion returns by the recovery force of the spring.

The means for pumping raw water and increasing the pressure of the raw water to a high pressure, which can be driven manually by the emergency water purifier, is provided by the emergency desalination according to the present invention from a water source such as a river, a lake, a pond, a pool, or a disaster prevention water tank. Considering the location where the machine will be used, the pumping head for raw water is preferably 2m or more. The means 1 of the emergency water purifier, which can be driven manually, converts raw water or pretreated raw water into
It also has the function of increasing the pressure to a level that can be processed by the prefilter, activated carbon filter, and hollow fiber membrane. The discharge capacity may vary slightly depending on the performance of the water purifier.
A pump having a capacity of ² kgf / cm ² or more, more preferably a capacity of 5 kgf / cm ² or more, is preferable. A specific example is preferably a self-priming wing pump with a built-in check valve having a capacity of 3 kgf / cm ² or more.

The engine 3 is, for example, a gasoline engine or a diesel engine.
An air-cooled two-stroke engine is preferable in consideration of weight reduction. Alternatively, an electric motor may be used when electric power can be secured by a power supply vehicle or an emergency power supply.

The pump 2 is preferably a self-contained pump, similar to the above-mentioned wing pump, and a pump having a pumping ability equivalent to that of the wing pump. As a specific example, a monoflex pump of a rubber impeller or the like is preferable. If the pump is not a check valve built-in pump, it is preferable to provide a check valve at the discharge port of the pump.

In the power transmission system between the engine 3 and the pump 2 driven by the engine, it is preferable that the pump drive shaft and the engine output shaft be fastened by a coupling. Alternatively, it is particularly preferable that the pump is directly mounted on the engine output shaft.

When the raw water is pumped up to a high pressure by an engine driven pump, it is preferable to provide a pressure regulating valve 5 for controlling the pressure of the raw water supplied to the water purifier. At this time, the wing pump 1 is bypassed without functioning.

It is preferable to provide raw water pretreatment means upstream of the water purifier. As the pretreatment means, a thread-wound type prefilter 4 is preferable, and it is particularly preferable to use a filter of 1 to 50 μm. Preferred materials include polypropylene and cotton. It is also preferable to use a plurality of stages, 10 to 50 μm in the first stage and 1 to 10 μm in the second stage.
It is particularly preferable to use a cartridge filter of

The installation position of the pretreatment means is not particularly limited as long as it is upstream of the water purifier. However, in consideration of the head and high pressure loss or the pressure resistance of the pretreatment means, the pressure regulating valve 5 and the water purifier 8, 9 is preferred.

The water purifier of the emergency water purifier is preferably a cartridge type activated carbon filter and a filter made of a hollow fiber membrane filter medium. The activated carbon in the former stage has a fine particle size of about 80 to 100 mesh. ~ 80g (per cartridge) and 100g of fine particles of about 10-30 mesh
~ 200g (per cartridge) is preferably used as a mixture. Removal of SS components in water, removal of chlorine, mold odor and nonionic impurities, and further, the material is polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene Average pore diameter of 0.01 to 0.1 μm (more preferably 0.02 to 0.2 μm) comprising an effective area of 0.8 to 0.1 μm.
With 1.2 m ² (per cartridge) of hollow fiber membranes, fine water components such as turbidity, iron rust and bacteria in water can be removed, and safe and delicious drinking water can be provided.

In the case of automatic control, backwashing is started at a preset time. However, as shown in FIGS. It is also particularly preferable to detect clogging and automatically start backwashing when the pressure reaches a certain differential pressure or more.

Although the water purification system uses two water purifiers as described above, the present invention is not limited to this. In FIG. 6, three water purifiers are arranged in parallel in the system. , The hollow fiber membrane and the activated carbon of the filter material can be backwashed with the filtered water, whereby the filtered water can always be supplied to the user and the like. In addition, the use period (or purification period) of the hollow fiber membrane and the activated carbon can be lengthened. In addition, the hollow fiber membrane and the activated carbon can be backwashed while supplying the filtered water to the user. As a result, the filtered water can be always supplied to the user without requiring the backwashing time.

At the outlet of the water purifier, it is preferable to provide a means for introducing a bactericide in order to maintain the sanitary condition and preservability of drinking water. Although not particularly limited, the following examples are given. Water and a solid germicide are charged into the germicide bottle 15. Here, by adding an excess bactericide, the obtained bactericide solution is saturated and the concentration is always substantially constant, so that the fixed amount of the bactericide can be easily added. The sterilant bottle 15 preferably has a volume of about 1.5 to 3.0 liters. This is because the sterilizing solution can be operated without running out for more than 8 hours. This disinfectant solution is passed through a disinfectant tube 13 which is a thin capillary.
It can be introduced into the production water by the aspirator 12.

The means for introducing the disinfectant is not shown in FIG. 1 because the activated carbon of the water purifier may be deteriorated in performance by the disinfectant.
It is preferable to provide it downstream of the water purifier as described above. Also,
The disinfectant addition ratio may be adjusted by adjusting the length of the disinfectant tube 13 or by using a disinfectant control valve 14 having the same mechanism as the flow rate adjusting device used for infusion. Although it is not particularly limited as a bactericide, the dosage form is preferably solid because of easy handling. In view of the sterilizing power, chlorine is preferable, and specific examples include calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite.

The apparatus in which the present invention is preferably implemented is an earthquake,
In emergency situations such as storm and flood damage, large fires and droughts, or when drinking water cannot be secured, such as in dam construction sites in mountainous areas,
By processing raw water from nearby rivers, lakes, marshes, ponds, pools, storage tanks for disaster prevention, etc. with a water purifier, it is easy to secure drinking water and miscellaneous water (washing water, dishwashing water, bath water, etc.). It is a water machine, and it is not limited to use in disaster areas and disaster areas, but can be equally useful if operating conditions are the same, for example, in remote areas and outdoors. Events, events, and camps. It is lightweight and small in volume so that it can be effectively used and operated even in areas where transportation is difficult and installation is severely limited, such as disaster areas and disaster areas, but there is no particular limitation,
The total weight is preferably 40 to 90 kg, and the volume is preferably 0.5 to 1.20 m2. In addition, 8 without maintenance such as medicine and fuel
Preferably, it can operate for more than an hour. In addition, the body frame is preferably a steel pipe bent integral structure so that handling and maintenance of the apparatus are easy and weight can be reduced, and it is particularly preferable to mount wheels for movement.

Embodiments The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Embodiment 1 This will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and Table 1. However, in the present embodiment, the two-way valves 93 and 94 for draining the washing water are shown in FIG.
Is closed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the water purification system comprises two water purifiers 8, 9, a raw water supply line 10, a filtered water take-out line 20, and a backwash water discharge line 29. , 9 are connected in parallel by respective lines 10, 20, 29. However, the backwash water discharge lines 29 need not be parallel, and may be independent in each water purifier.

The water purifiers 8 and 9 are provided with the filled filter media 8.
a, 8a 'and 9a, 9a', and is divided into raw water supply areas 8b, 9b and filtered water extraction areas 8c, 9c, and the raw water supply line 10 and the filtered water extraction line 20 are Are connected to the area corresponding to. As described above, as the filter media 8a and 9a, two types of granular activated carbons having different particle diameters are used as 8a 'and 9a.
As ′, a number of hollow fiber membranes composed of a semipermeable membrane are used.

The raw water supply line 10 has a pressurizing pump 1 or 2 for pumping raw water to the water purifiers 8 and 9, and switches between the raw water supply line 10 and the backwash water discharge line 29. As one of the components of the line switching means, three-way valves 21 and 22 are provided for each of the water purifiers 8 and 9. Further, the filtered water take-out line 20 is provided with a two-way valve 23 as a line closing means downstream of the converging portion from each of the water purifiers 8 and 9.

The backwash water discharge line 29 is connected to the raw water supply areas 8b and 9b of the water purifiers 8 and 9, respectively.
Similar to the raw water supply line 10, three-way valves 21 and 22 as components of a line switching unit are provided for each of the water purifiers 8 and 9.

The raw material supply line 10 and the filtered water take-out line 20 are connected to the filter media 8a, 8a 'and 9a, 9a' in order to individually detect clogging or the like. And 9a, 9a 'pressure gauges 24, 25 and 26, 27 for measuring the differential pressure
It is preferable to arrange before and after. Further, a differential pressure measuring device 28 for detecting the pressure at the junction of the raw water supply line 10 and the filtered water removal line 20 and measuring the differential pressure of the entire apparatus including both the water purifiers 8 and 9 is provided. Is particularly preferred.

The operation of the water purification system will be described below.

This water purification system performs the filtration for 3 to 180 minutes, and then repeats the cycle of 1 to 120 seconds in length for each of the water purifiers 8 and 9 two to five times to thereby improve the performance of the water purifiers 8 and 9. The filtration step and the backwashing step are alternately repeated. As shown in Table 1, the switching between the filtration step and the backwashing step is as shown in Table 1. In the filtration step, the three-way valves 21 and 22 are opened to the side a and the two-way valve 23 is opened, so that the raw water supply line 10 The take-out line 20 is opened.

Therefore, the raw water supplied by the pressure pump 1 or 2 is supplied to the raw water supply areas 8b, 9b of the water purifiers 8, 9 respectively.
From the filter material 8a, 8a 'and 9a, 9a'.
Through the filtered water removal line 20.

On the other hand, the backwashing step is performed for each of the water purifiers 8 and 9, and it is possible to arbitrarily set which water purifier is to be cleaned first. When one water purifier 8 or 9 is backwashed, filtered water filtered by the other filter 9 or 8 is used as backwash water,
The switching is performed by the control means.

Hereinafter, this backwashing step will be described with reference to FIG. 2. As described above, in this embodiment, FIG.
In order to show the mode without the washing water extracting line 90 shown in (2), the two-way valves 93 and 94 for extracting the washing water are closed.

First, when backwashing the water purifier 8, the three-way valve 22 is opened to the side a as shown in FIG.
Is opened to the b side, the two-way valve 23 is closed, and the filtered water take-out line 20 closed by the two-way valve 23 is used as a backwash water supply line. Therefore, the raw water supplied by the pressurizing pump 1 or 2 is supplied only to the water purifier 9, and the filtered water obtained from the water purifier 9 passes through the filtration take-out line 20 as the backwash water, and is supplied to the water purifier 8. It is supplied to the filtered water removal area 8c.

As a result, the backwash water is sent from the filtered water take-out area 8c to the raw water supply area 8b through the filter media 8a 'and 8a, and the filter media 8a' and 8
a is washed and discharged from the backwash water discharge line 29.

Here, in order to repeat the cycle of 1 to 120 seconds in the water purifier 8 two to five times, the three-way valve 21 is set to b
With the side open, the two-way valve 23 is opened from closed. As a result, the filtered water from the water purifier 9 does not flow into the water purifier 8 having a high pressure loss due to clogging, but is taken out from the filtered water take-out line 20 having a low pressure loss. During this time, the backwash water is not supplied to the water purifier 8, and the activated carbon filled in the former stage and the hollow fiber membrane built in the latter stage are lowered by gravity. Next, by opening and closing the two-way valve 23, the filtered water of the water purifier 9 is supplied again to the filtered water take-out area 8c side of the water purifier 8, thereby backwashing the filter media 8a 'and 8a. . By this backwashing operation, the hollow fiber membrane in the water purifier 8 is pulsated and shaken, and activated carbon is given a vertical movement and a convection / stirring effect, so that backwashing can be performed efficiently.

The opening / closing switching time of the two-way valve 23,
It is preferable that the number of repetitions can be set freely by a sequencer or a timer. Usually, it is preferable that a cycle having a length of 1 to 120 seconds can be set to be continuously repeated 2 to 5 times. .

When the backwashing of the water purifier 8 is completed in this way, the process subsequently proceeds to the backwashing of the water purifier 9. In this case, as shown in Table 1, the three-way valve 21 is opened to the a side, and the three-way valve 22 is opened. The b-side is opened and the two-way valve 23 is switched to the closed state, so that the water purifier 9 is backwashed in the same manner as the backwashing of the water purifier 8.

In such a series of filtration-backwashing-filtration, assuming that the amount of filtered water taken out is Q1, the amount of backwashed water discharged is Q2, and the differential pressure of the entire apparatus is ΔP, It changes as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG.
It can be seen that after backwashing, the clogging of the filter media 8a, 8a 'and 9a, 9a' is eliminated and the differential pressure ΔP is reduced. In FIG. 4, the symbols I and II are the filters 8,
9 shows an example in which backwashing of No. 9 was repeated three times.

Embodiment 2 This will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and Table 2. In this embodiment, the water purifier shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is used. This water purifier is the same as the water purifier described in the first embodiment, except that a washing water outlet 43 is provided in the tubular body 44 of the lower connector 33. At the tip of the washing water outlet 43, FIG.
As shown in the figure, a washing water extracting line 90 is connected. The position of the washing water outlet 43 is defined as the boundary between the activated carbon cartridge 30 and the hollow fiber membrane cartridge 31.
As shown in FIG. 1, two-way valves 93 and 94 as line closing means are arranged in the washing water extracting line 90 connected to the washing water extracting port 43.

The operation of the water purification system will be described below with reference to FIG. This water purification system is basically the same as the above embodiment, but differs in that the two-way valves 93 and 94 are additionally operated. That is, after performing filtration for 3 to 180 minutes, a cycle of 1 to 120 seconds in length is repeated 2 to 5 times for each of the water purifiers 8 and 9; First, there is an operation of extracting the cleaning water and an operation of stopping the extraction and flowing the cleaning water from the latter stage to the former stage.

The filtering step and the backwashing step are alternately repeated. The switching between the filtering step and the backwashing step is performed by opening the three-way valves 21 and 22 to the side a as shown in Table 2 in the filtering step. The one-way valve 23 is opened, the two-way valves 93 and 94 are closed, and the raw water supply line 10 and the filtered water take-out line 20 are opened.

On the other hand, the backwashing step is performed for each of the water purifiers 8 and 9, and it is possible to arbitrarily set which water purifier is to be cleaned first. When one water purifier 8 or 9 is backwashed, filtered water filtered by the other filter 9 or 8 is used as backwash water,
The switching is performed by the control means.

Hereinafter, this back washing step will be described with reference to FIG.

First, when backwashing the water purifier 8, the three-way valve 22 is opened to the side a as shown in FIG.
Is opened to the b side, the two-way valves 23 and 94 are closed, and the two-way valve 93 is opened, so that the filtered water take-out line 20 closed by the two-way valve 23 is used as a backwash water supply line. You. Therefore, the raw water supplied by the pressurizing pump 1 or 2 is supplied only to the water purifier 9, and the filtered water obtained from the water purifier 9 passes through the filtration take-out line 20 as the backwash water, and is supplied to the water purifier 8. It is supplied to the filtered water removal area 8c.

In this way, the backwash water is sent to the filter medium 8a 'from the side of the filtered water take-out area 8c in reverse to the usual filtration, whereby the filter medium 8a is backwashed. Filter material 8a '
The backwash water, which has been backwashed, has a pressure loss due to clogging of the filter medium 8a, so that it does not flow into the filter medium 8a, but passes through the two-way valve 93, from the wash water extraction line 90 to the filter medium 8a. 8
The fine suspended substance adhering to the film surface of a 'is discharged out of the system together with the washing water. The opening time of the two-way valve 93 is determined by the filtering material 8a.
'Is determined by the degree of contamination, the amount of backwash water, etc., but is preferably about 1 to 90 seconds. Next, by closing the two-way valve 93, the backwash water that has passed through the filter medium 8a '
The water is fed to the raw water supply area 8b through the filter, and the filter medium 8a is washed and discharged from the backwash water discharge line 29.

Here, in order to carry out the backwashing in small increments, continuously and repeatedly, the three-way valve 21 is kept at the b side.
The two-way valve 93 is changed from closed to open, and the two-way valve 23 is changed from closed to open. As a result, the filtered water from the water purifier 9 does not flow into the water purifier 8 having a high pressure loss due to clogging, but is taken out from the filtered water take-out line 20 having a low pressure loss.

During this time, the backwash water is not supplied to the water purifier 8, and the backwash water collected in the water purifier is drawn out of the system from the two-way valve 93. Therefore, the activated carbon filled in the former stage and the hollow fiber membrane built in the latter stage respectively fall by gravity.

Next, by opening the two-way valve 23 from the open state to the closed state, the filtered water of the water purifier 9 flows into the water purifier 8 again, and the same backwashing is performed again. By performing this backwashing operation, the hollow fiber membrane in the water purifier 8 is pulsated and shaken,
Further, the washing water is discharged out of the system, and the activated carbon is given a vertical movement and a convection / stirring effect, thereby enabling efficient backwashing.

The switching time for switching the two-way valves 23 and 93 from closed to open and from open to closed, and the number of repetitions thereof are preferably set freely by a sequencer or a timer. The cycle of 1 to 120 seconds is repeated 2 to 5 times, and the setting is made such that the washing water is extracted each time the backwash water flows in. The opening and closing time of the two-way valve 93 is preferably about 1 to 90 seconds. . When the backwashing of the water purifier 8 is completed in this way, the process subsequently proceeds to the backwashing of the water purifier 9, but as in the first embodiment, as shown in Table 2, the three-way valve 21 is opened to the a side. The three-way valve 22 is opened to the b side, the two-way valves 23 and 93 are closed, and the two-way valve 94 is switched from open to closed on the way. Nine backwashes are performed.

Also in the present embodiment, the amount of filtered water taken out is Q1, the amount of backwashed water discharged is Q2, and the differential pressure ΔP of the whole apparatus is the same as in the first embodiment. 3 to FIG.

In the water purification systems of the first and second embodiments,
Although two water purifiers are used, the present invention is not limited to this, and three or more water purifiers can be arranged in parallel in the system.

Third Embodiment A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. However, in the present embodiment, as described in the first embodiment, the two-way valves 93, 94, and 95 for draining the cleaning water are closed in order to show the mode without the cleaning water draining line 90 shown in FIG. State.

In the system, water purifiers 51, 52, 53,
It comprises a raw water supply line 60 having pressurized pumps 1 and 2, a filtered water extraction line 70, and a backwash water discharge line 80.
The three-way valves 55, 56, 5
7 and 81, 82 and 83 are different from the first embodiment.

In the water purifier, the filtered water extraction line 70 is connected to individual lines 71, 72, 73 connected to the water purifiers 51, 52, 53, and the individual lines 71, 72, 73, respectively.
73 is connected to the filtered water delivery lines 74 to 76, separate flow line lines 77 to 79,
76 is connected to the filtered water take-out line 70 and is configured to include the separate filtered water delivery lines 74 to 76 and the separate flow path lines 77 to 76.
The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment also in that three-way valves 81, 82, and 83 as line closing means are arranged between 79 and the individual lines 71, 72, 73.

In the present embodiment, by adopting such a configuration, filtered water can be obtained from a water purifier that is not involved in the backwash as in the case of ordinary filtration, even during the backwash.

The operation will be described below. First, at the time of filtration, as shown in Table 3, the three-way valves 55, 56, 57 are opened to the a-side and the three-way valves 81, 82, 83 are opened to the a-side. Raw water supplied from the supply line 60 is filtered by each of the water purifiers 51, 52, and 53, and the filtered water passes through the individual lines 71, 72, and 73, and is taken out of the separate flow lines 74, 75, and 76. It is taken out via line 70.

On the other hand, back washing is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
It is performed for each water purifier, and when one of the water purifiers is backwashed, the filtered water from one of the remaining two water purifiers passes through another flow line 77-79. It is used as backwash water, and filtered water from another water purifier is taken out of any of the filtered water delivery lines 74 to 76 via the filtered water takeout line 70 as it is.

First, when backwashing the water purifier 51, see Table 3
As shown in FIG. 5, the three-way valve 55 on the raw water supply side
6 and 57 are open to the a side, and the three-way valve 8 on the filtered water discharge side
By opening 1, 82 to the b side and 83 to the a side, the water purifier 52 is used for backwashing, and the water purifier 53 is used for filtration. The filtration time and the backwashing time are the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the raw water supply line 60
Is supplied to water purifiers 52 and 53, and is filtered by the water purifiers 52 and 53.
2, 73. The filtered water sent out to the individual line 72 passes through the side b of the three-way valve 82 as backwash water of the water purifier 51, passes through separate flow lines 78 to 77,
From the b side of the three-way valve 81, the water is supplied to the filtered water extraction area of the water purifier 51 through the individual line 71, and is sent out to the raw water supply area through the filtering material. Then, the backwash water passes through the individual line 67, and is discharged from the side b of the three-way valve 55 through the backwash water discharge lines 64 to 80 to the outside of the system.

On the other hand, the filtered water filtered by the water purifier 53 is:
It is sent out to the individual line 73, and is taken out from the filtered water take-out line 70 through the separate flow line 76.

[0086] Here, the water purifier 51 is squeezed several times,
As shown in Table 3, the three-way valves 55, 56, and 57 on the raw water supply side and the three-way valves 81 and 83 on the filtered water discharge side are kept intact and the filtered water discharge side is continuously repeated. By opening the three-way valve 82 from the b side to the a side, the supply of the backwash water to the water purifier 51 is stopped, and the activated carbon filled in the former stage and the hollow fiber membrane built in the latter stage are lowered by gravity. Down to.

Next, as described above, the backwash water is supplied to the water purifier 51 by opening the three-way valve 82 from the side a to the side b. By repeating this, as in the first embodiment, the hollow fiber membrane in the water purifier 51 is pulsated and shaken, and the activated carbon is given up and down movement and a convection / stirring effect. The filtration time and the backwashing time are the same as in the first embodiment.

When the backwashing of the water purifier 51 is completed in this way, the operation proceeds to the cleaning of the water purifiers 52 and 53.
The backwashing operation includes three-way valves 55 to 57, as shown in Table 3.
This is performed in the same manner as described above under the open and closed states of 81 to 83.

That is, in order to take out the filtered water simultaneously with the backwashing, at least three or more water purifiers are necessary. In this embodiment, three water purifiers are used and the three-way valve 55 is used. According to the open / close states of ~ 57,81-83, the filtered water from the two water purifiers in the filtration step is used for backwashing one water purifier in the remaining backwash step,
It will be taken out from the filtered water take-out line 70.

Embodiment 4 Explanation will be given with reference to FIG. However, in the present embodiment, the water purifier shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is used in the same manner as described in the second embodiment. The water purifier is the same as the water purifier described in the third embodiment, except that a lower connector 33 is provided.
The washing water draining port 43 is disposed in the cylindrical body 44. A cleaning water extraction line 90 is connected to the tip of the cleaning water extraction port 43 as shown in FIG. The position of the washing water outlet 43 is the same as the activated carbon cartridge 30,
This is the boundary of the hollow fiber membrane cartridge 31. As shown in FIG. 6, two-way valves 93, 94, and 95 as line closing means are provided in the washing water extracting line 90 connected to the washing water extracting port 43.

In this system, water purifiers 51, 52, 53,
It comprises a raw water supply line 60 having pressurized pumps 1 and 2, a filtered water extraction line 70, and a backwash water discharge line 80.
The three-way valves 55, 56, 5
Embodiment 7 is different from Embodiment 2 in that 7 and 81, 82, 83 are provided.

Hereinafter, the operation of the water purification system will be described. In the water purification system, the operations of the two-way valves 93, 94, and 95 are added in addition to the operations of the third embodiment. That is, after performing filtration for each of the water purifiers 51, 52, 53 for 3 to 180 minutes, a series of pulsating backwashing for each of the water purifiers 51, 52, 53 for 30 to 120 seconds (unit backwash 2 to 3).
(Repeated five times), but withdrawing the wash water every time the backwash water flows in.

That is, the operation is basically the same as that of the third embodiment. First, in the filtering step, as shown in Table 4, the three-way valves 55, 56 and 57 are opened to the side a, and the three-way valve 81 is opened. , 8
2, 83 is opened to the a side, and the newly added two-way valve 93,
By closing 94 and 95, the raw water supplied from the raw water supply line 60 is filtered by each of the water purifiers 51, 52 and 53, and the filtered water passes through the individual lines 71, 72 and 73 and flows separately. The water is extracted from the line lines 74, 75, 76 via the filtered water extraction line 70.

The backwashing step is performed for each water purifier as in the third embodiment. When one of the water purifiers is backwashed, one of the remaining two water purifiers is used. Is used as backwashing water through separate flow lines 77-79, and filtered water from other water purifiers is taken out of other flow lines 74-76 through filtered water extraction line 70 as it is. It is.

First, when backwashing the water purifier 51, see Table 4
As shown in FIG. 5, the three-way valve 55 on the raw water supply side
6 and 57 are open to the a side, and the three-way valve 8 on the filtered water discharge side
1 and 82 are open on the b side and 83 is open on the a side, and the two-way valve 93 is opened and the two-way valves 94 and 95 are closed, so that the water purifier 52 is for backwashing and the water purifier 53 is for filtration. Used as The filtration time and the backwashing time are the same as those in the third embodiment. Accordingly, the raw water from the raw water supply line 60 is supplied to the water purifiers 52 and 53, and the raw water is supplied to the water purifiers 52 and 53.
Filtered at 53, the filtered water is sent to individual lines 72, 73. Here, the filtered water sent out to the individual line 72 passes through the b side of the three-way valve 82, passes through the separate flow lines 78 to 77 as backwash water of the water purifier 51, and passes through the three-way valve 81
Is supplied to the filtered water extraction area 51c of the water purifier 51 through the individual line 71 from the side b. As a result, the backwash water is sent to the filter medium 51a 'from the side of the filtered water extraction area 51c in the opposite direction to that during normal filtration, so that the filter medium 51 is removed.
a 'is backwashed. The washing water obtained by backwashing the filter medium 51a 'does not flow into the filter medium 51a but passes through the two-way valve 93 because a pressure loss occurs due to clogging of the filter medium 51a.
Fine suspended substances adhering to the membrane surface of the filtering material 51a 'are discharged out of the system together with the washing water from the washing water extracting line 90. The opening time of the two-way valve 93 is preferably about 1 to 90 seconds as in the second embodiment. Next, by closing the two-way valve 93, the backwash water that has passed through the filter medium 51a 'is then sent to the raw water supply area 51b through the filter medium 51a,
The water is discharged from the side b of the three-way valve 55 to the outside of the system through the backwash water discharge lines 64 to 80 through the individual line 67. On the other hand, the filtered water filtered by the water purifier 53 is separated into individual lines 73.
And is extracted from the filtered water extraction line 70 through the separate flow path line 76.

[0096] Here, the water purifier 51 is divided into small portions several times.
In order to continuously and repeatedly carry out backwashing, the embodiment 3
Similarly, as shown in Table 4, the three-way valve 5 on the raw water supply side
5, 56, 57, and three-way valves 81, 83 on the filtered water outlet side
By leaving the three-way valve 82 on the filtered water take-out side open from the b side to the a side, the supply of backwash water to the water purifier 51 is stopped, and the two-way valve 93 is opened.
The washing water staying inside passes through the two-way valve 93, and the fine suspended matter adhering to the membrane surface of the filter medium 51a 'is discharged out of the system together with the washing water from the washing water extraction line 90. Therefore, the activated carbon filled in the former stage and the hollow fiber membrane built in the latter stage respectively fall by gravity.

Next, as described above, the backwash water is supplied to the water purifier 51 by opening the three-way valve 82 from the side a to the side b. By repeating this, Embodiment 3
Similarly, by pulsating and shaking the hollow fibers in the water purifier 51, and giving the activated carbon up and down movements and convection and stirring effects, backwashing can be performed efficiently. The filtration time and the backwashing time are the same as those in the third embodiment.

[0098] When the backwashing of the water purifier 51 is completed in this way, the operation proceeds to the cleaning of the water purifiers 52 and 53.
The backwashing operation includes three-way valves 55 to 57, as shown in Table 4.
The operation is performed in the same manner as described above under the open / close states of 81 to 83.

That is, in order to take out the filtered water simultaneously with the backwashing, at least three or more water purifiers are necessary. In the third and fourth embodiments, three water purifiers are used and the three-way water purifier is used. Depending on the open / close state of the valves 55 to 57, 81 to 83, the filtered water from the two water purifiers in the filtration step is used to backwash one water purifier in the remaining backwash step. Is taken out of the filtered water take-out line 70.

Further, as described in the third and fourth embodiments, three water purifiers are used, and the remaining water purifier is reversed by the filtered water from the two water purifiers in the filtration step. It is also possible to wash. In the washing method, in terms of the flow rate and the water pressure of the backwash water, the washing conditions can be strengthened as compared with the methods of Embodiments 1 and 2 in which another filter is backwashed with one filtered water.
However, in this case, from the water purification system,
Although it is impossible to take out the filtered water, the following procedure makes it possible to take out the filtered water even during back washing.

Embodiment 5 Explanation will be made with reference to FIG. 9 and Table 5. However, in the present embodiment, as described in the first and third embodiments, the two-way valves 93, 94, and 95 for extracting the washing water are shown in FIG. , 9
Reference numeral 6 denotes a closed state. In the water purification system, another water purifier 54 is additionally provided in FIG. 6 illustrating the third embodiment, and a total of four water purifiers are provided. The third embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that three-way valves 58 and 84 are additionally provided as line switching means according to the additional arrangement of the water purifier 54. With this configuration, three of the four water purifiers are used for the filtration step, and two of the filtered waters are used for backwashing one water purifier in the remaining backwashing step. Another filtered water during the filtration process is taken out from the filtered water take-out line 70.

It is also possible to backwash all three filtered waters in the filtration step with another water purifier in the backwash step, and it is expected that the washing conditions will be further enhanced.

Embodiment 6 This will be described with reference to FIG. 9 and Table 6. However, in the present embodiment, the water purifier shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is used as described in the second and fourth embodiments. This water purifier is the same as the water purifier described in the fifth embodiment, except that a washing water outlet 43 is provided in the tubular body 44 of the lower connector 33. As shown in FIG. 9, a cleaning water extraction line 90 is connected to the tip of the cleaning water extraction port 43. FIG. 6 illustrates the water purification system according to the fourth embodiment.
In addition, another water purifier 54 is additionally provided to make a total of four water purifiers. Embodiment 4 is different from Embodiment 4 in that a two-way valve 96 and three-way valves 58 and 84 are additionally provided as line switching means according to the additional arrangement of the water purifier 54. With this configuration, three of the four water purifiers are used for the filtration step, and two of the filtered waters are used for backwashing one water purifier in the remaining backwashing step. Another filtered water during the filtration process is taken out from the filtered water take-out line 70.

It is also possible to backwash all three filtered waters in the filtration step with another water purifier in the backwashing step, and it is expected that the washing conditions will be further enhanced.

In the first to sixth embodiments, it is preferable to perform automatic control so that the filtration time is constant. Also,
It is also preferable that it can be performed manually at any time. In the case of automatic control, backwashing is started at a preset time. However, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, filtration pressure difference, that is, clogging of filter material is reduced by a differential pressure measuring device 28. It is particularly preferable that the backwashing is automatically started when the pressure is detected and reaches a certain differential pressure or more.

[0106]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, automatic control was performed so that the filtration time was constant. As the raw water, chlorine-free school pool water was used. These water purification systems have an average permeation of 1.0 m
After performing filtration at 3 / hr for 60 minutes, a series of pulsatile backwashing of the water purifier is performed for 120 seconds (unit backwashing is repeated three times) to recover the performance of the water purifier, and so on. And the backwashing step were alternately repeated. The interval at this time was set to 20 seconds.

The main components were as follows.

{Circle around (1)} 1—man-powered raw water pump—man-powered self-priming wing type manual pump, discharge rate = 0.24 liter /
Stroke, discharge pressure (max. = 4 kgf / cm ² ) ｛2: Engine driven raw water pump 自 Self-priming pump with rubber impeller, 30mAq × 20L / min (1200rpm) (Product name: Monoflex pump) ｛3 ： Engine｝ Single-cylinder air-cooled 4-cycle OHV gasoline engine, 118CC (Continuous output: 2.8PS / 1800rpm) ｛4 ： Pre-filter｝ Element: thread wound type (PP
(Resin, 10 μm × 20 inch), housing: made of PP resin) ｛5: Pressure regulating valve｝ A ball valve made of gunmetal for the purpose of adjusting the discharge pressure of the engine driven raw water pump.

{8, 9: water purifier} A filter comprising a cartridge type activated carbon filter and a hollow fiber membrane. One filter has 70 g of fine particles of about 90 mesh and fine particles of about 20 mesh. Of activated carbon elements filled and mixed with 130 g of the above, and a hollow fiber membrane element (polysulfone average, pore diameter 0.3 μm, inner diameter 300 μm, effective length 2)
(00 mm, 5000 cartridges / cartridge). Two water purifiers were attached.

{12: Aspirator} As the production water of 100 L / hr passes through the inside of the aspirator, the pressure of the suction port falls to about 400 Torr, and the sterilizing agent (calcium hypochlorite) aqueous solution connected to the suction port is removed. Suck up.

{13: Disinfectant tube} A soft plastic tube with an inner diameter of Φ2. {14: Disinfectant control valve} Same as used for infusion. {15: Disinfectant bottle} A polyethylene bottle having a capacity of 2 L. The bottle is filled with 2 L of production water and a disinfectant (15 g tablet of calcium hypochlorite), dissolved and used as a saturated solution.

{16: Air vent valve} Attached in the piping before the pre-filter to prevent air from entering the pre-filter and water purifier.

Example 1 The operation was performed in accordance with the first embodiment (two or more water purifiers without using a washing water outlet).

Example 2 The operation was performed in accordance with the second embodiment (two or more water purifiers using a washing water outlet).

Example 3 The operation was carried out in accordance with the third embodiment (3 or more water purifiers without using a washing water outlet).

Example 4 The operation was performed in accordance with the fourth embodiment (three or more water purifiers using a washing water outlet).

Example 5 The operation was performed in accordance with the fifth embodiment (four or more water purifiers without using a washing water outlet).

Example 6 The operation was performed in accordance with the sixth embodiment (four or more water purifiers using a washing water outlet).

In the above examples, the function recovery rate due to backwashing was 90% or more in Examples 1, 3, and 5, and in Examples 2, 4, and 5,
6 was 95% or more. Examples 3, 4, 5, and 6
Thus, filtered water could be stably obtained during back washing.

[0120]

[Table 1] (Note)… indicates multiple repetitions

[Table 2] (Note)… indicates multiple repetitions

[Table 3] (Note) ... indicates a plurality of repetitions The washing water of the water purifier 51 was filtered water of the water purifier 52, and the water purifier 53 was usually filtered.

The washing water of the water purifier 52 was filtered water of the water purifier 53, and the water purifier 51 was usually filtered.

The washing water of the water purifier 53 was filtered water of the water purifier 51, and the water purifier 52 was usually filtered.

[0123]

[Table 4] (Note) ... indicates a plurality of repetitions The washing water of the water purifier 51 was filtered water of the water purifier 52, and the water purifier 53 was usually filtered.

The washing water of the water purifier 52 was filtered water of the water purifier 53, and the water purifier 51 was usually filtered.

The washing water of the water purifier 53 was filtered water of the water purifier 51, and the water purifier 52 was usually filtered.

[0126]

[Table 5] (Note) indicates a plurality of repetitions The washing water of the water purifier 51 was filtered water of the water purifiers 52 and 53, and the water purifier 54 was usually filtered. The washing water of the water purifier 52 was filtered water of the water purifiers 53 and 54, and the water purifier 51 was normally filtered. The cleaning water of the water purifier 53 is
, And the water purifier 52 was normally filtered. Water purifier 5
The washing water of No. 4 was filtered water of the water purifiers 51 and 52, and the water purifier 53 was normally filtered.

[0127]

[Table 6] (Note) indicates a plurality of repetitions The washing water of the water purifier 51 was filtered water of the water purifiers 52 and 53, and the water purifier 54 was usually filtered. The washing water of the water purifier 52 was filtered water of the water purifiers 53 and 54, and the water purifier 51 was normally filtered. The cleaning water of the water purifier 53 is
, And the water purifier 52 was normally filtered. Water purifier 5
The washing water of No. 4 was filtered water of the water purifiers 51 and 52, and the water purifier 53 was normally filtered.

[0128]

As described above, according to the present invention, (1) pulsating the hollow fiber membrane by repeatedly backflowing the backwash water in the water purifier in small increments, continuously and repeatedly, By oscillating and giving the activated carbon a vertical movement and a convection / stirring effect, the washing effect can be doubled and the water purifier can be efficiently backwashed.

(2) By mixing and filling a plurality of types of activated carbons having different particle diameters, it is possible to suppress a decrease in adsorption capacity and to reduce a filtration pressure loss. The activated carbon having a small particle size existing in the lower portion and the activated carbon having a large particle size existing in the lower layer gradually float, thereby enabling effective backwashing.

(3) After the washing water obtained by backwashing the hollow fiber membrane, ie, the washing water containing the suspended substance on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane, is temporarily discharged to the outside of the water purifier system, the activated carbon is backwashed. By
The backwash effect is improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a filtration state of Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a backwashing state of Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in the amount of filtered water taken out.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in differential pressure of the entire apparatus.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a differential pressure change of the entire apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a filtration state of Embodiments 3 and 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a water purifier.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a water purifier in which the position of the flow path closing member is changed to change the ratio of the filtering material.

FIG. 9 is a view showing Embodiments 5 and 6 of the present invention, a flow showing a state in which one water purifier is backwashed with filtered water from two water purifiers and filtered water is taken out from the remaining one water purifier. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Man-powered raw water pump (manual wing pump) 2: Engine driven raw water pump 3: Engine 4: Pre-filter 5: Pressure regulating valve 6: Pressure gauge (pre-filter inlet) 7: Pressure gauge (pre-filter outlet) 8: Purified water 8a: Filtering material (activated carbon) 8a ': Filtering material (hollow fiber membrane) 8b: Raw water supply area 8c: Filtration water taking out area 9: Water purifier 9a: Filtering material (activated carbon) 9a': Filtering material (hollow fiber membrane) 9b: Raw water supply area 9c: Filtration water removal area 10: Raw water supply line 11: Check valve (check cone) 12: Aspirator 13: Disinfectant tube 14: Disinfectant adjustment valve 15: Disinfectant bottle 16: Air release valve 20 : Filtration water removal line 21: Three-way valve 22: Three-way valve 23: Two-way valve 24: Water purifier inlet pressure gauge 25: Water purifier inlet pressure gauge 26: Water purifier outlet pressure gauge 27 Outlet pressure gauge for water purifier 28: Differential pressure gauge 29: Backwash water discharge line 30: Activated carbon cartridge 31: Hollow fiber membrane cartridge 32: Upper connector 33: Lower connector 34: Cylindrical body 35: Flow path 36: Connection port 37: Flow Inlet cap 38: Outlet cap 39: Channel closing plate 40: Connecting plate 43: Wash water outlet 44: Cylindrical body 45: Channel 46: Connection port 47: Inlet inlet cap 48: Outlet cap 49: flow path closing plate 51: water purifier 51a: filter material (activated carbon) 51a ': filter material (hollow fiber membrane) 51b: raw water supply area 51c: filtered water take-out area 52: water purifier 52a: filter material (active carbon) 52a ': Filter material (hollow fiber membrane) 52b: raw water supply area 52c: filtered water take-out area 53: water purifier 53a: filter medium (activated carbon) 53a': filter medium (hollow fiber membrane) 53b: Raw water supply area 53c: Filtration water extraction area 54: Water purifier 54a: Filter material (activated carbon) 54a ': Filter material (hollow fiber membrane) 54b: Raw water supply area 54c: Filtration water extraction area 55: Three-way valve 56: Three-way Valve 57: Three-way valve 58: Three-way valve 60: Raw water supply line 61: Raw water supply / individual line 62: Raw water supply / individual line 63: Raw water supply / individual line 63 ': Raw water supply / individual line 64: Backwash water discharge / Individual line 65: Backwash water discharge / individual line 66: Backwash water discharge / individual line 66 ': Backwash water discharge / individual line 67: Individual line 68: Individual line 69: Individual line 69': Individual line 70: Filtration Water take-out line 71: individual line 72: individual line 73: individual line 73 ': individual line 74: filtered water delivery line 75: filtered water delivery line 7 : Filtration water delivery line 76 ': Filtration water delivery line 77: Backwash water separate flow line line 78: Backwash water separate flow line line 79: Backwash water separate flow line line 79': Backwash water separate flow line line 80 : Backwash water discharge line 81: Three-way valve 82: Three-way valve 83: Three-way valve 84: Three-way valve 90: Washing water extraction line 93: Two-way valve 94: Two-way valve 95: Two-way valve 96: Two-way valve

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A pair of cartridges in each of which an activated carbon having a particle size distribution having two or more peaks are mixed and filled in a front stage, and a plurality of cartridges each having a built-in hollow fiber membrane in a rear stage connected in parallel. Among the connectors, a fluid inlet / outlet is provided at both ends of one connector, and a flow path closing portion is detachably provided in the connector provided with the inlet / outlet so as to divide a connecting portion with the above-mentioned different type of cartridge. A water purifier characterized by being attached to 2. The water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the particle diameters of the two peaks is 1: 8 to 1: 2. 3. The water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the cartridge filled with the activated carbon is disposed so that the treated water flows downward. 4. An emergency water purifier using the water purifier according to claim 1. 5. A method for cleaning a water purifier, comprising mounting the water purifier according to claim 1 and backwashing in a pulsating manner. 6. The water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the water purifier is a water purifier having a flush water outlet at a connector different from a connector having a fluid inlet / outlet at both ends of the pair of connectors. A method for cleaning a water purifier according to claim 1. 7. The hollow fiber membrane cartridge provided in the subsequent stage is backwashed first, and after the washing water is temporarily discharged out of the system,
7. The method for cleaning a water purifier according to claim 6, wherein the activated carbon cartridge having a different particle size disposed in the preceding stage is backwashed. 8. The method for cleaning a water purifier according to claim 1, wherein, of the two or more water purifiers, at least one of the water purifiers is backwashed using filtered water from at least one of the water purifiers. . 9. The method for cleaning a water purifier according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the three or more water purifiers performs normal water purification. 10. At least two or more water purifiers are connected in parallel, and raw water supply is shut off by line switching means provided on the fluid inlet side of each of the water purifiers.
The method for cleaning a water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the backwash water is discharged, and the supply of filtered water is stopped by a line switching means provided on a fluid outlet side. 11. At least three or more water purifiers are connected in parallel, and the filtered water delivery line is closed by line switching means provided on each fluid outlet side,
The method for cleaning a water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the flow path is switched to another flow path which is independent of the filtered water delivery line and connected in parallel. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filter and the backwash are switched by a control means using a manual valve or an automatic valve.
Washing method of the water purifier described. 13. A control means by an automatic valve, wherein a backwash for 1 to 120 seconds is automatically and continuously repeated repeatedly for a filtration time of 3 to 180 minutes. Item 7. A method for cleaning a water purifier according to Item 1. 14. As a control means by an automatic valve, for a filtration time of 3 to 180 minutes, backwashing is performed in order from the latter stage of the filtering agent, and washing water is applied from a boundary portion of different kinds of filtering materials for 1 to 120 seconds. 13. The method for cleaning a water purifier according to claim 12, wherein the backwashing method of extracting outside is automatically and repeatedly performed a plurality of times.