JPH10237970A - Highly airtight building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To introduce fresh air from the outside into each room at all times in a highly airtight building having double wall structure. SOLUTION: Heatly insulating materials 4 formed by spraying a urethane foam resin material are installed on each internal surface side of external walls 1 mounted on the four sides, a floor 2 and roofs 3. Consequently, a three- dimensional space having a high airtightness is formed, and each room 5 is mounted in the space under the state, in which specified clearances 7, 7' and a space 35, etc., are formed. The clearances 7, 7', etc., are used as ducts for ventilation in the building. Intake ports 6 for introducing the outside air are formed to parts of each room 5 while exhaust ports 65 discharging used air to the duct 7 for ventilation are shaped. A collecting space collecting air from the duct 7, etc., for each ventilation is formed to a garret 35 while a discharger 8 discharging used air collected in the garret 35 to the outside is set up.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a highly airtight building with enhanced heat insulation, and more particularly to a double wall space provided around each room in such a high airtight building. The present invention relates to a highly airtight building in which an air flow passage for ventilation is formed by using a (gap).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent buildings, especially houses, etc., in order to improve thermal efficiency during cooling and heating, generally,
In some cases, the outer wall and the like have a double structure, and various heat insulating materials are provided between them. As an example of a method of attaching the heat insulating material, a panel having the heat insulating material 10 having a predetermined thickness as shown in FIG. 4, for example, is provided inside the roof exterior material 30 or inside the outer wall. There is something that is. By the way, as shown in FIG. 4, this is provided between the tarmacs 20 in the attic, etc. In order to absorb the dimensional difference between the tarmacs 20, etc., the heat insulating material 10 and each tarmac are used. There is a slight gap (S) between the gap and the gap 20 (S). There is a problem that water vapor (humidity) or the like in the air enters through the gap (S) and causes dew condensation in winter or the like. In order to solve such a problem, various measures have been taken to eliminate the gap (S).
A method in which a foamed plastic material is sprayed on the inside of the outer wall to seal the entire building (foaming material spraying method) is exemplified.

[0003]

In a building (building) in which the heat insulating performance is enhanced by spraying such a foamed plastic material or the like, a cooling / heating device or the like is arranged under the floor in consideration of thermal efficiency. With
The cool air or warm air generated by the above is delivered to each room (room) through each duct. As a result, there arises a problem that air containing a harmful substance (for example, termite repellent) under the floor is supplied to each room (room). In addition, a duct (ventilation duct) or the like for distributing cool air / warm air to each room (room) is required separately, and there is a problem that the structure must be large. In order to solve such a problem, air passages (ventilation ducts) are formed with gaps formed between the double structure walls, and each room (room) is Fresh air is always introduced from the outside from outside, while
Provide a highly airtight building having a ventilation system in which an exhaust device is provided in the attic so that dirty air from each room is always collected in the attic and the dirty air is discharged to the outside. Is the object (problem) of the present invention.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following measures. That is, for a highly airtight building with enhanced heat insulation, a highly airtight three-dimensional space is formed by spraying a heat insulating material made of a foamed plastic material all over the roof, floor, and outer wall. In the highly airtight three-dimensional space formed as described above, the roof, the floor, and the inner wall are provided with a predetermined gap or space for each of the outer walls, and thereby each individual room ( Chamber), and an air passage (ventilation duct) is formed with a gap or space formed between the outer wall thus formed and the inner wall of each room (room). On the other hand, an air inlet for introducing outside air is provided in a part of each room (room), and air in the room (room) is discharged to the flow passage (ventilation duct) in other places. And an exhaust device for exhausting the air inside the building to the outside at a space (attic) formed between the roof and the inner wall (ceiling). The air from each room (room) is collected in the attic via the flow passage, and the air collected in the attic is discharged to the outside through the discharge device.

[0005] By adopting such a configuration, the present invention has the following effects.
That is, all the rooms (rooms) are present with an air layer therebetween, and the air layer is shut off from the outside in a highly airtight state. The heat insulation performance in the room (room) will be greatly enhanced. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of indoor dew condensation and the like. In addition, the sound insulation is also improved. Further, in such a state, the air existing in each room circulates (circulates) in the air passage provided around each room (room), so that the heat retention state in each room is good. And the energy required for adjusting the temperature in each room (inside the room) is reduced. In addition, since the used air from each room (room) is collected on the attic and is constantly discharged to the outside through a discharge device such as a fan, it is necessary to operate the discharge device with a small output. As a result, the interior of each chamber is always kept at a slightly low pressure with respect to the outside. As a result, fresh air from outside is naturally introduced (sucked) into each room (inside the room).

Further, a flow passage (ventilation duct) for the air circulation is formed by a gap provided between an outer wall and an inner wall, and is adopted in a conventional highly airtight building. It is not necessary to separately provide a ventilation duct or the like as described above. Therefore, the cost for installation of the ventilation duct and the like is reduced as compared with the conventional one. That is, it is possible to reduce the cost and the construction period.

Further, in the present invention, the air introduced into each room (room) is always fresh air from the outside, and such fresh air is used in each room for human breathing or heat exchange. The used air is collected from an exhaust port provided at another place of each room to an attic through a flow passage formed outside each room, and is collected there. From the building to the outside of the building. Therefore, clean fresh air is always present in the room, and air warmed under the floor or air circulated between the double walls as in the conventional case is not introduced. As a result, air containing harmful substances sprayed under the floor or harmful components that come into contact with chemical substances emitted from building materials, etc., is not brought into each room.

Further, in the present invention, since all surfaces including the floor surface are formed by a double wall structure having excellent airtightness, it is necessary to worry about infiltration of cool air from under the floor. There is no. That is, the heat insulation (thermal insulation effect) of each room (in the room) is enhanced. As a result, the underfloor can be formed in a state where the underfloor is completely separated from the rooms and the like, and the air permeability under the floor can be greatly improved (see FIG. 1).

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, the structure of an embodiment of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 1, an outer wall 1 circling around a building, a floor 2 connected to a lower portion of the outer wall 1, and an upper part of the outer wall 1. Roof 3 connected to the part
And a heat insulating material 4 which is sprayed evenly and airtightly on the inside of each of the members 1, 2, 3 and is formed of a plastic material such as urethane foam. In the three-dimensional space having high airtightness formed as described above, a predetermined gap 7 or a space 35 is provided between the outer wall 1, the floor 2, and the surface on which the heat insulating material 4 of the roof 3 is provided. Each room (room) 5 is provided so as to be provided. Then, a building (house) having a double wall structure having such a configuration is installed on the base 9 having good air permeability.

In such a basic configuration, the heat insulating material 4 is based on a polyurethane plastic material.
These are formed by performing foam spraying construction on site. In this case, as a form of foaming, in order to enhance the heat insulating property, a single foam specification including a group of closed cells is adopted. As shown in FIG. 1, the foamable plastic material having such a configuration is uniformly sprayed on the inside of each of the outer wall 1, the floor 2, and the roof 3, thereby forming a highly airtight heat insulating material 4. It is something like that. In particular, since the heat insulating material 4 is provided by foaming and spraying, the joint between the roof 3 and the outer wall 1, the joint between the floor 2 and the outer wall 1, and the like are also shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3 and provided evenly, high airtightness is ensured with the outside. In addition,
Regarding the installation of the heat insulating material 4, a predetermined heat insulating panel is installed at a place where a large surface such as an outer wall is formed, and a joint portion between these heat insulating panels or a joint between the outer wall 1 and the roof 3. Alternatively, the foamed plastic material may be sprayed only on the joint between the outer wall 1 and the floor 2 or the like in order to improve the sealing performance of these joints. By adopting such a construction method,
The construction period can be shortened.

Each room (room) 5 has a predetermined gap 7 with respect to the respective inner surface sides of the outer wall 1, floor 2 and roof 3 in the three-dimensional space thus formed. Is provided, this double-walled book building (house)
Is formed. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the inner wall 51 is provided with a predetermined gap 7 between the inner wall 51 of the floor 2 and the heat insulating material 4 sprayed on the inner surface of the outer wall 1. The floor interior material 52 is provided so as to have a predetermined gap 7 ′ between the heat insulating material 4 and the heat insulating material 4 sprayed on the inner surface side of the roof 3. Each room (room) 5 is formed by providing a ceiling 53 via an attic space 35. Then, a ventilation mechanism around each room (room) 5 is formed by a predetermined gap 7 or space 35 provided between the outside of each room (room) 5 and the outer wall 1 or the like. Is what it is. That is, the gap 7 and the like form a flow passage (ventilation duct) for air circulation.

Next, a ventilation mechanism in the building having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIG. First, a part of each room 5 is provided with an intake port 6 into which outside air is directly introduced. This inlet 6
Since each of the rooms (rooms) 5 is always set to a lower pressure side than the outside, it is possible to adopt a simple configuration (structure) that does not particularly require the provision of a suction fan or the like. Further, in another place different from the place where the intake port 6 is provided, the used air used for human breathing or the like in each room (room) 5 is supplied to the main room (room). An exhaust port 65 for discharging the air to the outside of the housing 5 is provided. The exhaust port 65 is connected to the flow passage 7 forming the ventilation duct.

Such flow passages (ventilation ducts) 7 and 7 ′ are provided around the inner wall 51 of each room (room) 5.
Alternatively, the air passages (ventilation ducts) 7 and 7 ′ are finally provided between the floor interior material 52 and the floor 2. Are gathered in an attic (attic space) 35 provided between the attic. A discharge device 8 for discharging air in the attic space 35 to the outside is provided at the attic space 35. The discharge device 8 is composed of a simple fan device or the like, and is configured to be constantly operated to maintain the inside of each of the rooms (rooms) 5 at a lower pressure than the outside. The discharging device 8 is not a large-capacity device, but a small-sized device that requires less power consumption.

The joint structure between the vertical wall part and the floor part which form a part of the present ventilation mechanism having such a configuration, and the vertical wall part and the ceiling part which form the four sides. The joint structure between the attic space and the attic will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of pillars 11 provided in parallel in a horizontal direction within a gap formed by a vertical wall formed by an outer wall 1 and the like and an inner wall 51. A plurality of flow passages (ventilation ducts) 7 extending in the vertical direction are formed by the space. Also,
Regarding the circumference of the floor, a plurality of circulations extending in the horizontal direction are defined by a space defined by the plurality of joists 25 provided in parallel within the gap formed by the floor 2 and the floor interior material 52. A road (ventilation duct) 7 'is formed. As shown in FIG. 2, the ventilation ducts 7 and 7 ′ having these configurations are connected at a joint between the vertical wall and the floor so as to surround each room (room) 5. Is what it is. In such a configuration, a plurality of base materials (body edges) 511 are provided between the pillar 11 forming the vertical wall portion and the inner wall 51 so as to be orthogonal to the pillar 11. ing. Thereby, a minute gap (t) exists between the outer wall 1 and the inner wall 51.
Is formed over the entire vertical wall portion, and electric wiring (interior wiring) and the like can be performed through the minute gap (t). As a result, electrical wiring (interior wiring) can be performed without making a hole or the like in the outer wall 1, and the airtightness of the building can be maintained.

On the other hand, as for the circumference of the attic, as shown in FIG. 3, an attic space 35 is formed between the heat insulating material 4 provided on the inner surface side of the roof 3 and the ceiling 53 of each room (room) 5. . As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of ventilation ducts 7 formed between the outer wall 1 and the inner wall 51 are connected to the attic space 35. Further, the heat insulating material 4 made of the urethane foam is provided on the outer portion of the gaps and spaces forming the ventilation duct 7 and the like, and these gaps and spaces are in a state of high airtightness. Is held in.
Therefore, the air accommodated in the ventilation ducts 7, 7 'is efficiently collected in the main attic space 35 without leaking to the outside.

As shown in FIG. 1, a double-walled building having such a structure is mounted on a base 9 made of a concrete material or the like.
It is designed to be installed on top. And
The above-mentioned building has a double-walled structure and also has excellent heat insulation on the floor, so that the main base 9 on which such a double-walled structure is installed is located under the floor. The structure can be formed in a state of good air permeability. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the underfloor space 99 can be formed in a state of good ventilation while being separated from the building.

Next, the operation and the like of the embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described. First, all the rooms (rooms) 5 are present with an air layer therebetween, and the air layer is shut off from the outside in a highly airtight state. The heat insulation performance in each room (room) 5 will be greatly enhanced. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of indoor dew condensation and the like. Further, in such a state, the air existing in each room 5 flows (circulates) in the air flow path 7 provided around each room (room) 5, so that each room (room) 5 The inside of the room (5) 5 is kept in a state of excellent heat retention, and less energy is required for temperature adjustment in each room (5). Further, since the used air from each room (room) 5 is collected in the attic space 35 and is constantly discharged therefrom via the discharge device 8 including a fan or the like, a small output discharge device is provided. By activating 8, the inside of each chamber 5 is always kept at a slightly low pressure with respect to the outside. As a result, fresh air from the outside is naturally introduced (sucked) into each room 5 (inside the room). In the present embodiment, the outer wall 1 and the inner wall 51
The air flow passage (ventilation duct) 7 is formed with a gap provided between them, and there is no need to separately provide a ventilation duct. Therefore, the cost for installing the ventilation duct is reduced. That is, it is possible to reduce the cost and the construction period.

In this embodiment, the air introduced into each room (room) 5 is always fresh air from the outside via the air inlet 6, and such fresh air is provided. The air is supplied to human breathing or the like in each room 5, and the used air is discharged from each room (room) through an exhaust port 65 provided in another part of each room (room) 5.
The air is discharged to a flow passage 7 formed outside the airbag 5, and is further collected in the attic space 35. The used air collected in the attic space 35 is discharged from here to the outside of the building (house) through the discharge device 8. Therefore, clean fresh air will always be present in the room, as in the conventional one,
Air heated under the floor or air circulated between the double walls is not introduced. As a result, air containing atmosphere such as harmful substances sprayed under the floor or chemical substances generated from building materials is not brought into each room (room) 5.

[0019]

According to the present invention, with respect to a highly airtight building with enhanced heat insulating properties, a heat insulating material made of a foamed plastic material is uniformly sprayed on a roof, a floor, and the inside of an outer wall. A three-dimensional space is formed, and an inner wall is provided in the highly airtight three-dimensional space thus formed with a predetermined gap or space for each of the roof, floor, and outer wall. At the same time, individual rooms (chambers) are thereby formed, and a gap or space formed between the outer wall thus formed and the inner wall of each room (chamber) has an air flow path ( A ventilation duct) is formed. On the other hand, an air inlet for introducing outside air is provided in a part of each of the rooms (rooms), and air in the room (room) is supplied to the flow passages ( Ventilation Exhaust duct for discharging the air inside the building to the outside at the space (attic) formed between the roof and the inner wall (ceiling). Provided, whereby the air from each of the rooms is collected in the attic through the flow passage, and the air collected in the attic is discharged to the outside through the discharge device. Therefore, all the rooms (rooms) are present through an air layer therebetween, and the air layer is shut off from the outside in a highly airtight state,
The insulation performance in each room (room) has been greatly enhanced. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of dew condensation in the room, and to improve the sound insulation.

The air existing in each room circulates (circulates) in the air flow passage provided around each room (room).
Therefore, the heat retention state in each room is favorably maintained, and less energy is required for temperature adjustment in each room (in the room). Also,
Collect the used air from each room (room) in the attic,
From here, the exhaust is always discharged to the outside through a discharge device such as a fan.By operating the discharge device with a small output, the interior of each room is always kept at a low pressure, albeit slightly, to the outside. As a result, fresh air from outside was naturally introduced (sucked) into each room (inside of the room).

Further, a flow passage (ventilation duct) for air circulation is formed by a gap provided between the outer wall and the inner wall, and is adopted in a conventional highly airtight building. It is not necessary to separately provide a ventilation duct or the like as described above, and therefore, the cost related to the installation of the ventilation duct or the like is reduced as compared with the conventional one. That is, the cost and the construction period can be reduced.

In the present invention, the air introduced into each room (room) is always fresh air from the outside, and such fresh air is supplied to each room for human respiration or heat exchange. Then, such used air is collected from an exhaust port provided at another place in each room to an attic through a flow passage formed outside each room, and from there, a building (housing) ), So that there is always clean fresh air in the room, as in the conventional case, harmful substances sprayed under the floor, or chemicals emitted from building materials. Air or the like containing harmful components that come into contact with substances and the like is no longer brought into each room.

Further, in the present invention, since all surfaces including the floor surface are formed by a double-walled structure having excellent airtightness, it is necessary to worry about entry of cool air from under the floor. Is eliminated, and the underfloor can be formed in a state completely separated from the above-mentioned rooms and the like, and the air permeability under the floor can be greatly improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the overall configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a configuration around a vertical wall portion and a floor according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view showing a configuration around a vertical wall portion and an attic space according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a structure of a conventional heat insulating panel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 outer wall 11 pillar 2 floor 25 joist 3 roof 35 attic (attic space) 4 heat insulating material 5 room (room) 51 inner wall 511 base material (body edge) 52 floor interior material 53 ceiling 6 intake port 65 exhaust port 7 gap (flow passage) 7 'Gap (flow channel) 8 Discharge device 9 Base 99 Underfloor space

Claims (2)

[Claims] In a highly airtight building with enhanced heat insulating performance, a highly airtight three-dimensional space is formed by uniformly spraying a heat insulating material made of a foamed plastic material on the inside of a roof, a floor, and an outer wall. In the high airtight three-dimensional space thus formed, the inner wall is provided with a predetermined gap or space for each of the roof, floor, and outer wall. A room (room) is formed, and an air flow passage (ventilation duct) is formed with a gap or space formed between the outer wall thus formed and the inner wall of each room (room). On the other hand, an air inlet for introducing outside air is provided in a part of each room (room), and air in the room (room) is sent to the flow passage (ventilation duct) in other places. An exhaust port for exhausting air is provided, and a space (attic) formed between the roof and the inner wall.
Is provided with a discharge device for discharging the air in the building to the outside, whereby the air from each room (room) is collected in the attic through the flow passage and the air collected in the attic. A highly airtight building, characterized in that the building is configured to be discharged outside through the discharge device. 2. In a highly airtight building with enhanced heat insulation performance, a heat insulation panel of a predetermined form is installed on the inside of a roof, a floor, and an outer wall where a large surface is formed. A highly airtight three-dimensional space is formed by spraying a heat-insulating material made of a foamed plastic material at a joint of each heat insulating panel formed at the junction of the outer wall and the roof, and at a joint of the outer wall and the floor. The inner wall is formed in the high airtight three-dimensional space thus formed, and the roof, the floor, and the outer wall are provided with predetermined gaps or spaces with respect to each of the outer walls. Each room (room) is formed, and a gap or space formed between the outer wall thus formed and the inner wall of each room (room) has an air flow path (for ventilation). A duct is formed. On the other hand, an air inlet for introducing outside air is provided in a part of each of the rooms (rooms), and air in the room (room) is supplied to the flow passages (for ventilation) An exhaust port for discharging the air in the building to the outside at a space (attic) formed between the roof and the inner wall. And collecting air from each room (room) in the attic through the flow passage, and discharging the air collected in the attic to the outside through the discharging device. High airtight building.