JPH101915A - Buried form for filler concrete and filling method employing this - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To save man-hours for constructing a floor slab of a road by allowing a buried plate to be a part of the form at the time of concrete placement and to be built in concrete after curing of concrete in a buried form comprising support pipes, hanging bolts, and a buried plate. SOLUTION: Preliminarily welded fastener bolts 3a are inserted in reinforcing beams 2 and fastener nuts are clamped thereto so as to fasten the reinforcing beams 2 to buried plates 1. Then, hanging bolts 8 are secured to support pipes 10 by hanging bolt fastener nuts 9 for leaving its securing position to be adjusted in accordance with the width of an interstice. The buried plates 1 or the like fabricated in this manner are put in from the upside of the interstice, and after verifying the abutment and installation position of a predetermined sheet of tentatively placed buried plates 1 and reinforcing beams 2, the built-in plates 1 and the lower surface of a floor system 101a are put in close contact with each other by clamping the hanging bolt fastening bolts 9. Next, filler concrete C is placed in a space surrounded by the peripheral parts 101 of two floor slab 101 and the upper surface of the buried plates 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention particularly relates to a buried concrete form used for filling concrete between the edges of girders of a side-by-side T-girder bridge. It belongs to the packing method used.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are expressways, viaducts and other girder structures for vehicles, railroads, monorails and other means of transportation, and also for people walking.
In some girder structures, the forward path and the return path are arranged side by side at a predetermined interval. In such a girder structure,
By pouring the filling concrete, the gap that is continuous in the axial direction between the edge of one girder and the edge of the other girder is filled.

[0003]

By the way, in order to place the filling concrete, the form and the supporting work for supporting the form are installed. The installation of the formwork and the shoring work are carried out on a scaffold. And if the support work is fixed to the girder, the scaffolding will be removed. After the supporting work is completed, concrete is poured, and after the required strength is developed in the concrete, scaffolding is reassembled to remove the supporting work and the formwork is removed.

[0004] Therefore, a lot of labor and time are required for placing the filling concrete. In particular, the prolongation of the construction period has become a major problem due to the labor shortage and rising labor costs in recent years. Also, it was very dangerous because it was performed at a high place. In addition, scaffolding had to block traffic under the girder structure during demolding.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to shorten a construction period, reduce construction cost, and reduce dangerous work at a high place. Moreover, it is an object to provide an embedded formwork for filling concrete and a filling method using the filling formwork, which does not require blocking the traffic under the girder structure at the time of demolding.

[0006]

The gist of the present invention resides in that two or more girders whose width increases from the upper edge to the lower edge are juxtaposed at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction. A buried formwork for filling concrete used when casting concrete to fill the gap between the edge of one girder and the edge of another girder, and has a substantially U-shaped outer contour. A portion corresponding to a U-shaped opening is directed downward, a support member provided over the gap on the upper surface of the first girder and the other girder, and a central portion in the axial direction of the support member. A bar-shaped hanging member attached thereto, and a width longer than a space between a lower edge of at least the one girder and a lower edge of the other girder suspended by the hanging member; The buried member whose upper edge touches the lower edge of the upper surface and the other upper surface touches the concrete to be cast That existing between filling concrete buried formwork, characterized in that with. The gist of the invention according to claim 2 is that the hanging member is threaded at an upper end portion and is fixed to the supporting member by a nut. Exists in the frame. The gist of the invention according to claim 3 is that the lower end of the hanging member is threaded, and the embedded member is fixed to the hanging member by a nut. Exists in buried formwork for stuffed concrete. The gist of the invention according to claim 4 resides in a buried concrete filling form according to claim 1, wherein an anchor plate is provided in a portion of the suspension member buried in concrete. The gist of the invention according to claim 5 is that, on the lower surface of the buried member, a reinforcing beam parallel to the axial direction of the girder is provided. Exist. The gist of claim 6 is as follows.
The burying member according to claim 1, wherein the burying member is made of a porous material having open cells. The gist of the invention according to claim 7 resides in a filling concrete filling formwork according to claim 1, wherein a lower surface of the burying member is decoratively painted. The gist of the invention according to claim 8 is that the hanging member is embedded in an upper part of a cast concrete to which a lower end of the hanging bolt having an upper end fixed to the support member is attached. P-con to be done,
2. The buried concrete filling form according to claim 1, further comprising a separator for adjusting the length, the upper end of which is connected to the P-con, and the lower end of which is attached to the burying member. The gist of the invention according to claim 9 is that the hanging member has a hanging bolt having an upper end fixed to the support member, and a lower end of the hanging bolt is attached, and is buried in an upper part of the cast concrete. The P-con to be used, the upper end connected to the P-con, a separator for adjusting the length, the lower end of which is attached to the embedded member, a fixing bolt for suspending the embedded member, 2. A buried form for filling concrete as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a coupler connected to the separator. According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a buried form for filling concrete as set forth in the eighth or ninth aspect, wherein an anchor plate is provided on the separator. The gist of the invention according to claim 11 resides in a buried form for concrete filling as set forth in claim 9, wherein an anchor plate is provided on the coupler. The gist of the invention according to claim 12 is that a reinforcing beam having a U-shaped cross section to which a lower end of the suspension member is welded is provided on a lower surface of the buried member, the lower end of the hanging member being welded in parallel with an axial direction of the girder. The buried concrete formwork according to claim 9, wherein the fixing bolt is fixed to the reinforcing beam. The gist of the invention according to claim 13 is that the support member has an outer contour substantially in the shape of an arch, wherein the support member has a buried form for filling concrete. The gist of the invention according to claim 14 is that two or more girders whose width increases from the upper edge toward the lower edge are juxtaposed at intervals in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, and the edge of one girder The filling method using a buried concrete filling formwork according to claim 1, wherein a gap with an edge of another girder is filled by casting concrete, wherein the supporting member, the hanging member and Assembling the buried concrete formwork using the buried member, and burying the buried member forming a part of the assembled buried concrete formwork with the edge of the one girder and the other. Buried for the filling concrete so that each edge of the buried member is in contact with the lower edge lower surface of the one girder and the lower edge lower surface of the other girder, respectively. A step of installing a formwork; Casting concrete in the space surrounded by the edge of the one girder and the edge of the other girder, and after the concrete has hardened, remove the support member and the suspension member, and bury the concrete. The formwork is characterized by the step of leaving the form in contact with concrete.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the buried form A for filling concrete will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the buried formwork A for filling concrete has two rows of T
It is used to fill the gap I between the floor slab 101 (spar) of the spar 100. The embedded formwork A for each filling concrete,
The floor slab 10 straddling the gap I with a predetermined gap in the girder axial direction.
1 is installed on the upper surface of the edge portion 101a.

Each T-girder 100 is made of prestressed concrete, reinforced concrete or steel, and has a T-shaped vertical cross section as shown in FIG. It is something that runs. The floor slab 101 has a width that increases from the upper end toward the lower end. Therefore, the space between the edge portions 101a of the floor slab 101 is smaller at the lower edge 101c than at the upper edge 101b.

[0009] The buried form A for filling concrete is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the structure is roughly composed of a support pipe (support member) 10, a suspension bolt (suspension member) 8, and an embedding plate (embedment member) 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, the support pipe 10 is formed by bending the outer contour into a substantially U-shape. The portion corresponding to the opening of the U-shape faces downward, and stands on the upper surface of the floor slab 101 across the gap I. As shown in FIG. 4, both lower ends are externally threaded, and a fixing base 11 is screwed to the external threads. The fixed base 11 is formed by welding a short tubular socket 11a with a female thread to a steel plate 11b having a square shape in a plan view.

As shown in FIG. 2, the suspension bolt 8 is a straight one having male threads cut at both ends, and has an upper end attached to a support pipe 10 by a suspension bolt fixing nut 9.
The lower end is attached to the adjustment round separator 6 via a salt damage prevention P-con 7.

The coupler 4 is connected to the adjusting round separator 6 as shown in FIG. The length is determined according to the thickness of the concrete C. An anchor plate 5 is provided above the coupler 4.

The anchor plate 5 is a plate-shaped member made of steel and having a rectangular shape in plan view, and is welded to the adjustment round separator 6 so as to exist in a horizontal plane. Note that the anchor plate 5 can be welded to the upper surface of the coupler 4. The upper end (screw portion) of the fixing bolt 3a is screwed to the coupler 4.
An embedded plate (embedded member) 1 is attached to the lower end of the fixing bolt 3a.

The embedded plate 1 is a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. As a material, a raw material (KP sheet (trade name) manufactured by Cape La Sheet Co., Ltd.) in which glass fiber is mixed as a reinforcing material in polypropylene resin is heated to a temperature higher than the softening point of the resin and expanded by the restoring force of the glass fiber. It is a porous material having a continuous open cell. Further, in the present embodiment, a pigment is blended in the raw sheet to color the entire embedded board 1. The bottom surface of the embedded plate 1 is shown in FIG.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the reinforcing beam 2 is provided in parallel with the girder axis direction. Here, the open cells refer to those in which countless small voids and small bubbles dispersed throughout the material are continuous.

The reinforcing beam 2 is a channel steel that is hot-dip galvanized and has excellent rust resistance, and is of the same size as the buried plate 1. As shown in FIG. 7, the portion corresponding to the opening of the U-shape is directed upward, and the portions corresponding to both ends of the U-shape (both edges of the reinforcing beam 2) are brought into contact with the lower surface of the burying plate 1. And one end is a buried plate 1
The embedded plate 1 eccentrically in the axial direction so as to project from one end of the
Is attached at the center of the lower surface in the width direction. Fixing bolts 3a are vertically provided at the bottom of the channel steel forming the embedded plate 1 at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction. In order to attach the reinforcing beam 2 to the embedding plate 1, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the fixing bolts 3a are inserted into the holes formed in the embedding plate 1 at intervals equal to the above-mentioned equal intervals. The fixing nut 3b is screwed onto the fixing bolt 3a.

As shown in FIG. 10, the buried plates 1 are connected to each other with the ends of the reinforcing beams 2 facing each other. In the connected state, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the end of the other embedded plate 1 is placed on the upper surface of the end of the reinforcing beam 2 of one embedded plate 1. The minute gaps are sealed with caulking material.

Next, a filling method using the filling form A for filling concrete will be described.

First, a fixing bolt 3a pre-welded to the reinforcing beam 2 is inserted into a hole drilled at a predetermined position of the burying plate 1, and a fixing nut 3b is fastened. Fixed to. The buried plate 1 and the reinforcing beam 2 are 1
It is fixed by shifting it about 0 cm in the longitudinal direction.

Next, the coupler 4, the adjusting round separator 6, the salt damage prevention P-con 7 and the hanging bolt 8 are sequentially attached.

Next, as shown in FIG.
Is attached to the support pipe 10 by the suspension bolt fixing nut 9. Here, the position of the suspension bolt fixing nut 9 is adjusted according to the width of the gap I.

Then, the embedded plate 1 and the like assembled as described above are put into the gap I from above as shown in FIG.
FIG. 15 shows a state before a predetermined number of sheets are set and fixed according to the trimming length.

Next, a predetermined number of temporarily buried plates 1
After checking the butting and installation direction of the reinforcing beam 2,
Tighten the suspension bolt fixing nut 9 to bury the buried plate 1 and floor slab 10
The lower surface of 1a is brought into close contact. By this mounting, the embedded concrete formwork A for asphalt concrete is assembled.

Then, as shown in FIG. 16, space-filling concrete C is cast in a space surrounded by the edge portions 101a of the two floor slabs 101 and the upper surface of the embedded plate 1.

Next, as shown in FIG. 17, after the concrete C has developed the required strength, the suspension nut fixing nut 9 is removed, the support pipe 10 is withdrawn, and the suspension bolt 8 is removed from the salt damage prevention P-con 7. Remove. The P-con hole is filled with non-shrink grout or the like.

With the above, the space between the edge portions 101a of the floor slab 101 is completed.

Thus, the embedded plate 1 according to the present embodiment
Becomes part of the formwork when the concrete-filled concrete C is cast, and is buried in the concrete-filled concrete C after the concrete-filled concrete C is hardened.

Next, the function and effect of the filling concrete frame A for filling concrete and the filling method constructed as described above will be described.

According to the present embodiment, since the embedded formwork A for filling concrete is embedded in the poured concrete C, the scaffolding and supporting works are dismantled and the filling form A for filling concrete is used. It is possible to eliminate the need for demolding work such as dismantling and withdrawal. Furthermore, since the buried form A for filling concrete can be installed from the upper part of the floor slab 101, a scaffold for setting the buried form A for filling concrete is also unnecessary (of course, the scaffold is assembled to form the buried concrete A). It is also possible to install a buried formwork A). As a result, it is possible to shorten the construction period required for the thinning work and reduce the construction cost.

Further, since the removal work is not required, dangerous work at a high place can be reduced.

Further, it is not necessary to block the transportation means under the T-beam 100 during the demolding work.

In recent years, interest in the landscape of civil engineering structures has increased. Since the buried plate 1 is colorable, the landscape of the girder structure as the civil engineering structure can be improved.

Further, since the above-mentioned members of the buried plate 1 have water permeability due to open cells, water does not accumulate between the upper surface of the buried plate 1 and the lower surface of the filling concrete C with which it comes in contact. . Further, since the above-mentioned members of the embedded plate 1 are porous, the cast concrete C enters the numerous holes on the surface of the embedded plate 1 and the anchoring effect causes the adhesive strength between the embedded plate 1 and the concrete C. Is big. Furthermore, it is lightweight, has high mechanical strength, is excellent in machinability, and is chemically stable. Further, fixing bolts 3 a for fixing the buried plate 1 are fixed in the interposed concrete C via the anchor plate 5. Therefore, the buried plate 1
Does not peel off.

Although the fixing bolt 3a is made of stainless steel and is designed to prevent damage due to corrosion, even if the fixing bolt 3a is cut,
Since the bolt head exists inside the reinforcing beam 2, it does not fall. Therefore, the safety of persons and vehicles passing under the reinforcing beam 2 can be achieved.

Further, as described above, the constituent members other than the buried plate 1 and the support pipe 10 may be the same as those used for ordinary supporting work. In addition, the support pipe 10
Can be manufactured simply by bending a straight pipe into a U-shape. Therefore, the buried formwork A for interim concrete can be manufactured very inexpensively and easily.

Further, since the reinforcing beam 2 is used, the bending of the buried plate 1 can be reduced.

Further, the rigidity of the portion of the concrete C can be increased by the reinforcing beam 2 and the buried plate 1.

Further, the concrete C is filled with the floor slab 10.
1 is peeled off from the edge 101a of the floor slab 101.
01a is lower than the upper edge 101b, and is lower than the upper edge 101c.
Is narrower, it is possible to prevent the falling concrete C from dropping.

Further, even if the fixing nut 3b breaks during suspension, the anchoring plate 5 is provided, so that if the concrete C is hardened to some extent,
It is possible to prevent the falling concrete C from falling.

In this embodiment, the T digit 100
However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to any digit suitable for applying the present invention.

The girder structure can be applied to expressways, viaducts and other transportation means.

Further, as shown in FIG. 18, reinforcing bars can be arranged in the interspersed concrete C. Reference numeral 3 in the figure
Reference numeral 0 denotes a loop bar, reference numeral 31 denotes a through bar, and reference numeral 32 denotes a sheath for PC steel buried in a direction perpendicular to the girder axis.

In the present embodiment, the support pipe 10 has an outer contour U-shape. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be formed, for example, in an outer contour arch shape. In such a case, the cross section of the support pipe 10 can be reduced. As a result, the material cost is reduced and the weight is reduced, so that the construction is easy.

Further, although the two-point support pipe 10 is used in the present embodiment, in the present invention, for example, the three-point support pipe 40 shown in FIG. 19 and the four pipe shown in FIG. 20 or 21 are used. A support member having a suitable number of supports for carrying out the present invention, such as the point-supporting support pipes 50 and 60, can be employed.

Although channel steel is used for the reinforcing beam 2, for example, hollow steel material having a rectangular cross section, chevron steel, steel pipe, or other suitable material for carrying out the present invention can be used.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to the case where the linear portion is thinned out, but may be applied to the curved portion. In such a case, the embedded member may be processed so as to have the same curvature as that of the spar.

Any material can be used for the buried plate 1 as long as it has a strength capable of withstanding the load when placing concrete C, but in terms of water permeability and adhesiveness with concrete, It is preferable to use a porous material having open cells, and porous plastic, ceramic or foamed concrete having open cells is suitably used.

The burying board 1 can be made of a material obtained by mechanically (anchor-treating) a plate material made of vinyl chloride, polypropylene, or the like so that it adheres to concrete.

In the above embodiment, the buried plate 1
Is colored, but in the present invention, only the lower surface can be colored. Also, by spraying paint,
It can also be colored. Further, a full-scale coating including a primer coating, an undercoating, an intermediate coating, and a main coating process can be applied to the base of the surface of the buried board 1.

Further, as shown in FIG. 22, a separator joint nut 23 screwed to the separator 22 is screwed to a fixed buried bolt 21 which penetrates the buried plate 1 from the lower surface and is welded to the reinforcing beam 20. It can also be done by doing.

Further, only the bolts having threads cut at both ends are used as suspension members, and the upper end of the suspension member is connected to the support pipe 10.
A simple structure in which the lower end is fixed to the buried plate 1 can also be adopted.

Further, in the above embodiment, the buried form A for filling concrete is assembled and then installed on the upper surface of the T girder 100, but in the present invention, the buried plate 1 is used.
It is also possible to install the filling form A for filling concrete by fixing the upper end of the suspension member to the support member after attaching to the lower end of the suspension member.

Further, the number, position, shape, etc. of the above-mentioned constituent members are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but can be set to a suitable number, position, shape, etc. for carrying out the present invention. In addition, in the above figure, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0053]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

Since the formwork is buried in the cast concrete, it is possible to eliminate the need for disassembling scaffolding and supporting work and disassembling and removing the formwork. As a result, according to the present invention, the construction period can be shortened, the labor can be reduced, and the construction cost can be reduced.

Further, since work such as removal of the mold is unnecessary, dangerous work at high places can be reduced.

Further, it is possible to obviate the need to cut off the transportation means under the girder structure during the demolding operation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state where an embedded formwork for filling concrete according to the present embodiment is installed.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a buried formwork for interposed concrete.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a support pipe.

FIG. 4 is a front view of a fixed base.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing another mounting method of the buried plate.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a buried plate.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the buried plate.

FIG. 8 is a front view of an embedded board.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a buried plate.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an end of a buried plate to be connected.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a connected buried plate.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the buried plate connected.

FIG. 13 is a process drawing of the packing method according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a process drawing of the packing method according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a process drawing of the packing method according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a process chart of a thinning method according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a process drawing of the packing method according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a front view showing a state in which reinforcing bars are arranged according to another embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the support pipe.

FIG. 20 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the support pipe.

FIG. 21 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the support pipe.

FIG. 22 is a front view showing another embodiment of the reinforcing beam.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Buried formwork for filling concrete C Filling concrete I Gap 1 Buried plate 2 Reinforcement beam 3a Fixing bolt 3b Fixing nut 4 Coupler 5 Anchor plate 6 Adjustable round separator 7 Salt damage prevention P-con 8 Suspension bolt 9 Suspension bolt fixing nut 10, 40, 50, 60 Supporting pipe 11 Fixed base 11a Socket 11b Plate 20 Reinforcement beam 21 Fixed fill-in bolt 22 Separator 23 Separator joint nut 30 Loop bar 31 Through bar 32 Sheath 100 T girder 101 Floor slab 101a Edge 101b Upper edge 101c lower edge

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. An edge part of one girder and an edge part of another girder, wherein two or more girders whose width increases from the upper edge to the lower edge are arranged side by side at intervals in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction. An embedded formwork for filling concrete that is used when pouring concrete to fill the gap between the parts and the outer contour of which is approximately U-shaped, and the portion corresponding to the U-shaped opening is located downward. A support member provided across the gap on the upper surface of the one girder and the other girder, a rod-shaped suspension member attached to an axial center of the support member, and the suspension member Has a width longer than the gap between at least the lower edge of the one girder and the lower edge of the other girder, the upper edge of the lower edge of the both girders being in contact with the other upper surface, and the other upper surface And a buried member that comes into contact with the concrete to be poured. Embedded formwork for toto. 2. The buried concrete formwork according to claim 1, wherein an upper end of the suspension member is threaded, and is fixed to the support member by a nut. 3. The embedding mold for filling concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein a screw is cut at a lower end portion of said hanging member, and said embedded member is fixed to said hanging member by a nut. frame. 4. The buried concrete formwork according to claim 1, wherein an anchor plate is provided at a portion of the suspension member buried in the concrete. 5. The buried form for filling concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reinforcing beam is provided on a lower surface of the buried member so as to be parallel to an axial direction of the girder. 6. The buried form for filling concrete as set forth in claim 1, wherein said buried member is made of a porous material having open cells. 7. The buried formwork for filling concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the buried member is decoratively coated. 8. The suspension member is buried in an upper part of a cast concrete to which a suspension bolt having an upper end fixed to the support member and a lower end of the suspension bolt is attached. 2. A buried form for filling concrete as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a P-con, and a separator for adjusting the length, the upper end of which is connected to the P-con, and the lower end of which is attached to the embedding member. . 9. The suspension member, wherein a suspension bolt having an upper end fixed to the support member, and a lower end of the suspension bolt is attached, and the suspension member is embedded in an upper part of the cast concrete. A separator, a length-adjusting separator having an upper end connected to the P-con, and a lower end attached to the embedded member; a fixing bolt for suspending the embedded member; and connecting the fixing bolt and the separator. The embedded formwork for thinned concrete according to claim 1, further comprising a coupler. 10. The buried formwork for filling concrete as claimed in claim 8, wherein the separator is provided with an anchor plate. 11. The buried formwork for stuffed concrete according to claim 9, wherein an anchor plate is provided on the coupler. 12. A reinforcing beam having a U-shaped cross section in which a lower end of the hanging member is welded, which is parallel to the axial direction of the girder, is provided on a lower surface of the embedding member. 10. The buried formwork for thin concrete as claimed in claim 9, wherein the fixing bolt is fixed. 13. The buried formwork for filling concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support member has a substantially arcuate outer contour. 14. Two or more girders whose width increases from the upper edge to the lower edge are juxtaposed at intervals in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, and the edge of one girder and the edge of another girder. The gap between the part is filled by casting concrete.
A filling method using a buried formwork for stuffed concrete according to the above, comprising assembling the buried formwork for stuffed concrete using the support member, the hanging member, and the buried member. Insert the buried member constituting a part of the embedded concrete filling form in the gap between the edge of the one girder and the edge of the other girder, each edge of the buried member, Installing the embedded concrete formwork so as to be in contact with the lower edge lower surface of the one girder and the lower edge lower surface of the other girder, and the upper surface of the embedded member and the edge of the one girder; Casting concrete in the space surrounded by the edge of the other girder, and after the concrete has hardened, remove the support member and the suspension member, and leave the buried form in contact with the concrete. The process that exists Shrinking method.